BERT  A,  GILLHAM 
Rockford,  Iowa 


’.“S  tn.' 


OP'FHE 


Q OVER  5000  ILLUSTRATIONS.  Q 


PUBLISHED  BY 


633  Ohestnut  Street.  Post-0£Bce 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA 

U.  S.  A, 

COPYBIGHT  SEQURED. 


('opYrncniT,  issc,. 


I'llIMKlJ  »V 
MATl-ACK  A IIAKVKY, 
I-IIII.ADKI.IMIIA. 


BERT  A.  GILLHAM 
Rockford,  Iowa 


ILLUSTRATED 


ENCYCLOR^DIA 


OF 

» c?  " — ^ ::  ^ 'x~ 

® 0 


COINS  OF  THE  WORLD; 


ILLUSTRATING  THE 

*.  -t-  * ■*■  A 

4l^ilcrn^  ^itcicnL  iCnrrcnf  ami  <ruriotif>^ 

FROM  A.  D.  T885  BACK  TO  B.  C.  700. 


FINENESS,  WEIGHT,  FACE  VALUE  AND  METAL  WORTH. 
FULL  DESCRIPTION  WITH  EXACT  FAC-SIMILE  OF  OVER 

SIX  THOUSAND  COINS. 

NAME  LISTS.  STATISTICS.  HISTORICAL  DATA,  FULL  INDEX. 

TABLES  FOR  CALCUL.ATIOX,  REDUCTION.  COMPARISON,  &c 


^ .financial  and  ilmni^matic  Sibtavy, 

COMPLETE  IN  ONE  VOLUME. 


PUBLISHED  BY  OA..  j\I.  S A FTTH,  NUMISMATIST, 
533  CHESTNUT  STREET.  POST-OFFICE  BOX,  754. 


COPYRIGHT. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.S.  A. 
1886. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER  COINS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

By  A..  M.  SxiiXH. 

INTRODUCTORY. 

.Many  years  since,  ni)on  first  aiiplying  myself  to  the  study  of  ^u- 
niisinatics,  I diligently  sought  for  a work  which  should  contain,  in 
brief  form,  the  requisite  information  necessary  for  the  casual  in- 
(juirer  or  business  dealer  in  current  and  uncurrent  coins  of  the 
world.  Such  a book  did  not  exist.  Constant  demands  from  lianks, 
Hankers,  Brokers,  and  Merchants  for  a work  of  this  character,  since 
1 became  a iiublisher,  and  the  ever  repeated  regrets  of  experts  and 
students  in  the  science,  that  they  could  obtain  nothing  of  the  kind, 
with  frequent  requests  from  all,  that  I would  jirepare,  write,  or 
conqnle,  such  a text-hook,  finally  induced  me  to  undertake  the 
onerous  labor,  the  results  of  which  are  presented  in  The  Kncyclo- 

I’-KDI  V OF  Gol.I)  AND  ISlI.VKK  CoiNS  OF  THE  M'oKU). 

Of  works  upon  Numismatics,  and  of  “ Coin  Hooks,”  within  the 
hwft  two  hundred  years,  there  has  been  issued  an  immense  number, 
many  of  them  very  valuable  in  specialities;  hut  none  universal  in 
application,  all  crowded  with  unnecessary  matter,  and  not  one 
adapted  to  the  reipiirement  of  every-day  Vnisiness  life  or  students’ 
reference.  To  translatemanv  of  these  works  ironi  the  Latin,  ( Ireek, 
French,  German,  Italian,  and  other  languages;  to  com})are,  sill, 
select,  and  verify  all  the  mass,  and  to  condense  the  inlormation  to 
the  utmost,  comprises  hut  a ])ortioii  of  my  task.  Correspondence 
was  entered  into  with  the  Financial  Ministers  of  every  nation  on 
the  earth  ])0.ssessing  a coinage ; otlicial  reports  only  were  received 
as  authority  ; every  channel,  every  .‘source  ot  knowledge  was  ex- 
hausted to  obtain  authentic,  reliable  data.  Our  own  and  loreign 


mints,  national  and  ])rivatc;  museums,  collections,  and  cabinets 
liave  jj;iven  coj)ies  of  their  treasures  to  our  artist’s  pencil.  Foreifjn 
and  Home  dej)artments,  financial  institutions  and  financier’s,  the 
most  distinguished  scierrtists,  have  all  generously  res])onded  to 
every  application  for  infornration  and  material.  The  results  of 
long  years  of  study  and  dearly  bought  exj>erience;  large  sums  of 
money  for  importations  of  literatui’e,  purchase  of  rare,  costly  vol- 
umes, s])ecimeu  coins,  artistic  and  clerical  labor,  have  all  beerr  lav- 
ished upoir  this  work  to  render  it  complete  and  correct,  an  authority 
beyond  question,  an  embracemerrt  of  the  entire  field. 

Iir  the  interests  of  the  science  to  which  I have  been  so  long  de- 
voted, to  justify  the  flattering  opinion  e.xpi’essed  by  those  who  de- 
sired this  work  from  my  hands,  to  aid,  so  far  as  in  mv  power,  in 
systemizing  money  and  commercial  transactions,  and  for  my  own 
reputation,  1 have  exi)ended  upon  Thk  Encycloi>.kdi.\  an  amount 
of  hard,  conscientious  labor  for  which  money  cannot  recompense 
me. 

With  facts  and  figures  alone  I have  dealt,  and  to  })i*esent  these 
in  the  j)lainest  possible  form,  arrange<l  for  the  most  speedy  and 
satisfactory  reference,  has  been  my  sole  object. 

Without  egotism  I may  say  that  I consider  my  work  well  done ; 
in  the  whole  range  of  literature  devoted  to  numismatics  or  coined 
money  there  is  and  has  never  been,  a volume 'so  exhaustive  in  ex- 
planation and  illustration  or  so  eertainly  relialde  as  this  Encyclo- 
piedia.  Errors  there  may  be;  mistakes  will  creep  into  the  most 
carefully  edited  works.  I have  discovered  them  in  every  authority, 
official  document  or  statement  I have  used;  consequently  I cannot, 
do  not,  claim  infallibilit\q  and  will  thankfully  receive  corrections, 
.lust,  fair  criticism  is  invited,  and  will  be  heartily  welcomed.  I be- 
lieve my  book  to  be  the  best  and  most  complete,  the  only  complete 
work  of  its  kind,  ever  issued,  and,  claiming  that  high  standard,  I 
offer  it  to  my  friends  and  the  public  without  further  apology  or 
commendation. 

Philadelphia^  3Iarch,  18S6. 


A.  M.  SMITH. 


INDEX-PLATES  AND  TABLES. 


Afghanistan,  Gold,  415 

Silver,  417,  419 

Africa  (Great  Ilritain),  Silver,  285 

(Portugal)  Silver,  379 

Allegorical  Plate,  403 

Algiers,  Gold,  421 

Silver,  421 

Altenburg  (Germany),  Silver,  175 

America  (Spanisli)  Silver,  411 

Ancient  Coins,  Greek,  465  to  481 

•Jewish,  508 

Homan,  483  to  503 

Anhalt  (Germany),  Silver,  125 

Argentine  Republic,  (S.  A.),  Gold,  33 

Silver,  34,  35 

Austria,  Gold,  69  to  73 

Silver,  74  to  85 

liaden  (Germany),  Silver,  127  to  131 

Bank  Tokens  (English),  Silver,  259,  275 
Batavia  (Holland),  Silver,  299  to  303 

Bavaria  (German}  ),  Gold,  133 

Silver,  135  to  141 

Belgium,  Gold,  8<i 

Silver,  87 

Bolivia  (S.  A.),  Gold,  36 

Silver,  36 

Bologne  (Italy),  Gold,  311 

Silver,  311 

Brazil  (S.  A-),  Gold,  38 

Silver,  39,  41 

Bremen  (Germany),  Silver,  143 

Brunswiek  (Germany),  Gold,  119 

Silver,  145  to  149 

Burmah  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  277 

CiMtiuht  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  274 

Cash  Value,  Gold  and  Silver,  (Table),  30 
Characters  and  Numbers,  (Oriental),  413 
Chili  (S.  A.),  Gold,  43 

Silver,  45 

China,  Gold,  364,  365 

Silver,  363,  3(i7,  369 

China  (France),  Silver,  106 

Comitarative  Ratio,  Silver  (Table),  32 

Coin  History,  U.  S.  A.  (Table),  18 

Coins,  Ancient,  465  to  508 

Greek,  465  to  481 

Jewish,  508 

Mediiwal,  505  to  507 

Roman,  483  to  5(  3 

Current,  (Table),  509,  510 

Colombia  (U.  S.  of  S.  A.),  Gold,  46 

Silver,  47 

Current  Coins  of  AVorld  (Table),  509,  510 
nemeruru  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  277 
Denmark,  Gold,  89 

Silver,  91  to  99 


East  Indies  (Great  Britain),  Gold,  269 
Silver,  268  to  273 

(Holland),  Silver,  301,  303 

Ecuador  (S.  A.),  Gold,  48 

Silver,  49,  50 

Egypt,  Gold,  423 

Silver,  425 

England,  Gold,  223  to  238 

Silver,  241  to  283 

English  Grains  and  French  Grammes 
(Table),  32 

Equalization,  Gold  and  Silver  (Table),  2ti 
Essequebo  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  277 
Eranee,  Gold,  101,  103 

Silver,  105  to  117 

(China),  Silver,  106 

French  Grammes  and  English  Grains 

(fable),  32 

Frankfort-on-the-Main,  (Germany),  Sil- 
ver, 150  to  152 

Genminv,  Gold,  119,  133,  176,  177,  187, 

209 

Silver,  121  to  131,  135  to  175,  179  to 
195,  199  to  207,  211  to  22.) 
Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  Cash  Value,  30 
Current  Coins,  509,  510 

Ecpialization,  2t> 

S'andard  Value,  28 

U.  S A.,  (History), 

Grains  (English),  aiuLGrammes  (French) 
Table,  32 

Gnunmes  and  Grains  (Table),  32 

Great  Britain,  Gold,  233  to  238,  261,  279 
Silver,  241  to  283 

Greece,  Gold,  288 

Silver,  _ 2^!) 

Greek  Coins  (Ancient),  465  to  481 

Greiz-Reuss  (Germany),  Silver,  191 

Guatemala  (C.  A.),  Gold,  51 

Silver,  52,  53 

Guiana  (Great  Britain).  Silver.  277 

I laiiilnirg  (Germany),  Silver,  155 

Hanover  (Germany),  Gold,  157 

Silver,  . 159 

Ilawii  (Sandwich  Islands),  Silver,  68 
Hayti,  Silver,  290,  291 

Hechingen  (Germany),  Silver,  123 

Hesse-Cassel  (Germany),  Gold,  119 

Silver,  161,  1()3 

Hesse  Darmstadt  (Germany),  Silver,  165 
Hindostan,  Gold,  427 

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen  (Germany), 
Silver.  123 

Holland.  Gold,  293 

Silver,  295  to  303 

Ilondunis  (C.  A.),  Silver,  54 


Hungary  (Austria),  Gold,  C9  to  73 

Silver,  74  to  85 

India,  East  (Great  Britain),  Gold,  2(59 
Silver,  2(58,  271,  273 

(Holland),  Silver,  301,  303 

Islands  (Holland),  Silver,  299 

Italy,  Gold,  304,  312,  31G  to  330,  329,  337, 

338,  348 

Silver,  305  to  357 

Japan,  C4old,  358,  359,  3(52 

Silver,  3(50 

Java  (Holland),  Silver,  303 

Jewish  Coins  (Ancient),  508 

La  Plata  (S.  A.),  Gold.  33 

Silver,  34,  35 

Leclienstein  (Gennany),  Gold,  119 

Liberia  (Africa),  Silver,  08 

Ligura  (Italy),  Silver,  1 3 

Lippe  (Gennany),  Mlver,  107 

Lobenstein  (Geiiniiny),  Silver,  191,  220 
Lombardy  Venice  (Italy),  Gold,  313 

Silver,  355  to  357 

Lubeck  (tiermany),  Silver,  109 

Lucca  (Italy),  Silver,  315 

Malta  (Great  Britain),  Gold,  279 

Silver,  281 

Mecklenburg  (Germany),  Siher,  271 

Media: val  Coins,  505  to  507 

Mexico,  Gold,  50,  57 

Silver,  58  to  01 

Monaco  (Italy),  Gold,  320 

Silver,  320 

Morocco,  Gold,  42(5 

Silver,  429 

Nassau  (Germany),  Gold,  119 

Silver,  173 

Netherlands  (Holland),  Gold,  293 

Silver,  295  to  303 

Newfoundland  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  274 
New  Grenada  (S.  A.),  Gold,  03 

Silver,  02,  03 

Norway  and  Sweden,  Gold,  443 

Silver,  445,  447 

Numbers  and  Cb  iracters  (Oriental),  413 
Nuremburg  (Germany).  Siher,  137 

Obsidionul  3IoiU’y  (Great  liritain). 
Silver,  257 

Oldenburg  (Germany),  Silver,  175 

Oriental  Numbers  and  Characters,  413 
Parma  (Italy),  Gold,  31(5 

Silver,  317 

Persia,  Gold,  431 

Silver,  433 

Pent  (S.  A.),  Gold,  04 

Silver,  65,  07 

Portugal,  Gold,  371,  373 

Silver,  375  to  379 

Prussia  (Germany),  Gtld,  176,  177 

Silver,  179  to  189 

Rag:iisa  (Austria),  Gold,  (59  to  73 

Silver,  74  to  85 

Reuss-Greiz  (Germatiy),  Silver,  191 


Reuss-Lobenstein  (Germany),  Silver,  191 
Ring  Money  (Great  Britain),  205,  207 

Roman  Coins  (Ancient),  483  to  503 

Rome  (Italy),  Gold,  31i> 

Silver,  321  to  327 

Roumania,  Silver,  221 

Rudolstadt-Schwarzburg,  (Germany), 
Silver,  12:5 

Russia,  Platiua,  380 

. Gold,  381 

Silver.  .383  to  387 

Saiulwicli  Islands,  Silver,  68 

Sardinia  (Italy),  Gold,  329,  331 

Silver,  313,  3:33,  3:35 

Saxe-Altenburg  (Germany),  Silver,  121 
Saxe  Coburg  Gotha  (German}’).  Silver, 

121,  1{):5,  195 

Saxe-Weitnar  (Germany),  Silver,  121, 175 

Saxotiy  (Germany),  Gold,  119,  197 

Silver,  199  to  205 

Scliwarzburg-Rudolstadt  (Germany), 

Silver.  12:5 

Scotland  (Great  Britain),  Gold,  201 

Silver,  263 

Servia,  Silver,  288 

Siam,  Silver,  370 

Sicily  (Italy),  Gold,  337,  3:38 

Silver,  3:59  to  347 

Siege  Money  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  257 
Sierra  Leona  Co.  ((Jt.  Britain),  Silver,  283 
Sigmaringen-Holienzollern  (Germany), 
Silver,  123 

Silver,  Cotnparative  Ratio  (Table),  32 
Spain,  Gold,  :189  to  395 

Silver,  ;593to411 

(America),  Silver,  411 

Standard  Fineness,  G.  & S.  (Table),  28 
.Sweden  and  Norway,  Gold,  44:> 

Silver,  44.5,  447 

Switzerland,  Gold,  449  to  453 

Silver,  455  to  401 

Table.s,  Sec  Special  Table  Index 
Tokens  (Great  Britain),  Silver,  259,  275 

Tripoli,  Gold,  421 

Tuni.s,  Gold,  421 

Silver,  429 

Turkey,  Gold,  423,  435 

Silver,  437  to  441 

Tuscany  (Italy),  Gold,  348 

Silver,  .349  to  353 

United  States,  (America), Gold,  17to21 
Silver,  23  to  31 

Coin  Ilistory  (Table).  18 

United  States,  Colombia,  (S.  A.),  Gold,  40 
Silver,  47 

Uruguay  (S.  A.),  Silver,  54 

Venezuela  (S.  A ),  Silver,  55,  5(5 

Venice  (Italy),  Gold,  312 

Silver,  3.55,  357 

Wnltleek  (Germany),  Silver,  207 

Wurtemburg  (Germany),  Gold,  209 

Silver.  211,  219 


8 


INDEX-DESCRIPTIVE  PAGES. 


A fg'baiii.stnn, 

414 

Africa  (British), 

2(!0 

West  (British), 

2(!2 

Alaska  (U.  S,  A.), 

24 

Algiers, 

420 

Alteiiburg  (Germany), 

174 

Ancient,  Greece, 

4(54  to  47(5 

Judea, 

508 

Bonie, 

482  to  500 

Align  11a  (G.  75.), 

250 

Anhalt  (Germany), 

124 

Antigua  (G.  15.), 

250 

Antilles  Islands  ((i.  B.), 

248 

Archbishops,  Coins  (England), 

284 

Argentine  lieiHihlic  (S.  A.), 

34 

Ascension  Island  (G.  15.), 

2(5(5 

Asiatic  Turkey, 

4:54 

Assam,  (G.  15.), 

228 

Atlantic,  South  (G.  B.), 

2(5(5 

Austral -Asia  “ 

242 

Australia  “ 

242 

South  “ 

244 

AVestern  “ 

24(5 

Austria, 

70 

Baden  (Germany), 

12(5 

Bahamas,  Islands  (G.  B.), 

248 

Barbados  (G.  B.), 

258 

Bavaria  (German}'). 

132 

Belgium, 

8(5 

Bengal  (G.  B.), 

22(5 

Berar  “ 

2:50 

Berbice  “ 

242 

Bolivia  (S,  A.), 

3(5 

Bombay  (G.  15.), 

228 

Brazil  (S.  A.), 

40 

Bremen  (Germany), 

142 

British  Africa, 

2(50 

“ “ AVest, 

2(52 

“ Columbia. 

240 

Brunswick  ((iermany). 

144 

Burmah  (G.  15.), 

228,  230 

Cambodia, 

4(52 

Canada,  Dominion  of  (G.  B.), 

2:59 

“ Proper,  “ 

239 

Cape  C5olony  ((j.  B.), 

2(50 

Central  Provinces  (G.  15.), 

228 

('ey Ion  (G.  15,), 

2:54 

Channel  Islands  (G.  B.), 

270 

Characters,  Oriental, 

412 

Chatham  Islands  (G.  B.), 

240 

Chili  (S.  A.), 

42 

('hina. 

3(54 

Coinage  of  England,  Gold, 

272 

“ “ Silver, 

27(5 

Coins,  Church  (England), 

284 

Commonwealth  (England),  274 

Knights  of  Malta,  “ 

2*8 

Monarchs,  “ 

284 

Saints,  " 

282 

Colombia,  U.  S.  (of  S. 

4(5 

Colony,  Gold  Coast  (G.  15.), 

2(54 

Cyprus  (G.  B ), 

2:59 

i 


I 


I 

1 


I>oinerara  (O.  B.).  242 

Dennuuk,  Hi! 

District  of  Kecwatin  (G.  15.).  240 

Doininion  of  Canadji  “ 240 

Must  Angrle.s,  Kngilaiul,  2H0 

Eastern  Possessions  (G.  15.),  2:54 

Ecuador  (.S.  A.),  4H 

Egypt,  422 

Plngiand,  224 

“ Kings  of  Kent,  2H0 

English  3Ioney,  Early  Silver,  2.'>2 

“ “ Gold  Coin,  272 

“ “ of  Necessity,  2.")2 

“ “ Siege  Pieces,  2-*)2 

Essequibo  (G.  15  ),  242 

Falkland  Islainls  (G.  B.),  200 

Fiji  Islands  ((5.  15.),  248 

Fingoland  . “ 202 

Foreign  “Obsidional”  3Ioney,  2.*>4 

France,  100 

Gambia,  the  Settlement  (G.  B.),  204 
Gealekland  (G.  15.),  202 

(Jerinany,  18 

Gibralter  (G.  B.),  2(i8 

Gold  Coast  Colony  (G.  15.),  2i>4 

Gold  Coinage,  England,  272 

Great  Hritian,  222  to  2H7 

Grenada  (G.  B.),  2.5S 

Grenadines,  Tlie  (G.  15.),  2.'>8 

Griqualand  (G.  15.),  200 

(lUateinala  (C.  A.),  52 

Gucrnsev,  Isle  (G.  15.),  270 

Guiana  Cl.  15.),  242 

Guinea,  New  (G.  B.),  240 

Guzo  (G.  15.),  2l!8 

Hamburg  (Gennany),  1.54 

Hawaii  (Sandwich  Islands),  08 

Havti,  290 

Heligoland  (G.  B.),  270 

Hesse-Darmstadt  (Gerinanv),  P54 

Holland,  ‘ 2!>2 

Honduras  (C.  A.),  54 

” (G.  15.),  . 242 

Hong  Kong  (G.  15.),  2:54 

Hungary  (.\ustria),  70 

Idntywa  Ke.serve  (G,  15,),  202 

India  (G.  15.),  222,  2:50 

Indies,  AVesl  (G.  B.),  24.'< 

Ireland  (G.  15.),  224 

“ Bing  5Ioney,  200 

Islands  of  Austml-Asia  (G.  B.),  242 

Italy,  MOH 

Jamaica,  (G.  B ),  248 

,Iapan,  !55H 

•lersey.  Isle  of  (G.  B.),  270 

Keewatin,  District  (G,  15.),  210 

Kings  of  Kent,  England,  2H0 

Knights  of  Malta,  278 

l.abrad«»r  (G.  15  ),  !542 

Labuan  (G.  B,),  2:515 

Lagos  “ 204 

Leewartl  Islands  (G,  15.),  250 


Liberia  (Africa), 

f)8 

Lubeck  (Germany), 

1(58 

.Madras,  (G.  15  ), 

228 

Malta  (G.  15.). 

2(58 

■Man,  Isle  of  (G.  15.), 

270 

Manitoba  “ 

240 

Mauritius  “ 

2:5(5 

.Mecklenburg  (Germany), 

170 

■Mercia  (England), 

280 

Mexico, 

5(5 

Mono,  Isle  of  (G.  B.), 

270 

Monaco  (Italy), 

320 

Monarchs  of  England, 

284 

Aloney,  of  Necessity, 

252 

“ “ Obsidional,” 

254 

“ lliiig, 

2(54 

“ Siege, 

252 

Alonserrat  (G.  B.), 

250 

Morocco, 

428 

Natal,  (G.  B ), 

2(52 

Native  States,  India  (G.  15.), 

2:50 

NelherlaiuLs, 

229 

New  Brunswick  (G.  15.), 

2:58 

New  <4renada  (S.  A.), 

(52 

New  Guinea  ((4.  B.), 

24(5 

New  South  AVales  (G.  B.), 

244 

New  Zealand  (G.  B.), 

24(5 

Newfoundland  (G.  B.), 

240 

Nevis  (G.  15.), 

250 

Norfolk  Island  (G.  B.), 

24(5 

North-west  Provinces  (G.B.), 

22(5 

North-west  Territory  (G.  15.), 

240 

Northumberland  (England), 

282 

Norway, 

442,  444 

Nova  Scotia  (G.  B.), 

2:58 

Numerals,  Oriental, 

412 

Obsidional  Money, 

254 

Oldenburg  ((iermany), 

174 

Ontario  and  t)uebec  (G.  B.), 

2:59 

Oriental  Words  and  Figures, 

412 

Ottoman  Empire, 

4:54 

Papua  (G.  15.), 

24(5 

Penang  (G.  B.), 

23(5 

Persia, 

4:50 

Peru  (S.  A.), 

(5(5 

Portugal, 

372 

Prince  Edward’s  Island  (G.  B.), 

240 

Prince  of  Wales  Island  (G.  B.), 

23(5 

Province  AVellesle}'  (G.  15.), 

239 

Prussia  (Germany), 

178 

Punjab,  The  ((4.  15.), 

22(5 

Pyrmont  (Germany), 

20(5 

Quebec  and  Ontario  (G.  15.), 

2:59 

(Queensland  (G.  15.), 

244 

Kaifii.sa  (Austria), 

70 

Red  River  Settlements  ((4.  B.), 

240 

Ring  Aloney, 

2(54 

Komiiunia,  2‘^1 

Kussia,  31^  + 

Saints’  ^Voiioy  (Englaiul),  2S2 

Saiulwicli  Islands,  (is 

Sandy  Island  ((t.  I'.),  270 

Saxons  ( English),  2K0 

Saxe-Altenlmrg  ((lennany),  174 

Saxe-(;ohiirg-(iol lia  ((Jennany),  11)2 

Saxony  ((lennany),  11)(> 

Scotland  ((>.  15.).  224 

Siam,  370 

Siege  Pieces,  2-')2 

Sierra  Leon  (O.  B.),  202 

Silver  Coins  of  England,  270 

Silver  Money,  Early  English,  252 

Singapore  (G.  B.),  230 

Socotra  (G.  B.),  234 

South  Atlantic  (G.  B.),  200 

South  Australia  (G.  15.),  244 

South  England,  Saxons,  2HI) 

South- George’s  Island  (G.  B.),  2(i() 

South  Saxons  (England),  280 

South  Wales,  New  (G.  15.),  244 

Spain,  31)0 

St.  Helena  (G.  B.),  20H 

St.  John’s  Port  (G.  B.),  202 

St.  Kitts  (G.  B ),  250 

St.  Lucia  (G.  B.),  258 

St.  Vincent’s  (G.  B ),  258 

Straits  Settlements  (G.  B.),  2:5li 

Swan  River  Settlement  (G.  B.),  2(i0 

Sweden,  442 

Switzerland,  44K 

Tu.siiiaiiia  (G.  B.),  24(> 

Temhuland  (G.  B.),  200 

Tobago  (G.  15.),  258 

Transkei  (G.  15  ),  2(i0 

Trinidad  (G.  B.),  250 

Tripoli,  420 

1'nrkey,  4:54 

United  States  of  America,  18  to  24 
“ “ of  Colombia  (S.  A.),  4ii 

Uruguay  (S.  A.),  54 

Veiieztieia  (S.  A.),  _ 55 

Victoria  (G.  B ),  " 244 

Virgin  Islands  (G.  B ).  250 

Waldeck  (Germany),  200 

Wales  (G.  15.),  224 

Wales,  New  South  (G.  B.),  244 

Waltish  Bay  (G.  15.),  202 

AVellesley  I’rovince  (G.  B.),  2:5!) 

West  Africa  (British),  2(52 

West  England  Saxons,  280 

West  Indies  (G.  B.),  24S 

IVestcrn  Australia  (G.  B.),  24<> 

Windward  Islands  (G.  15.),  25H 

AVurtemburg  (Germany),  208 


IJSTIDEX:. — TABLES. 


Average  value  of  U.  S.  .V.  S since  1R7.S,  32 

British  India,  annua)  Itcceipts  and  Expend.  2)2 
(,'oin  value  of  Gold  and  Silver  by  grains,  2S 

Current  Coins  of  the  World,  1:),  14,  l.i,  16,  .601) 
Foreign  Siege  Money,  2.'>H 

Grain&and  Graniines,  5U 

Production  of  Silver  and  Gold,  :)2 


Pure  Metat  in  C.»ins. 

Itatio  of  .Sliver  to  Gold, 
Standard  Fineness, 

States  of  U.  S.  A., 

P.  S.  A.  Coin  History. 

Wealtli  of  U.  S.  jV.  in  Treasure, 


26 

.32 

2S 

21) 

13 

24 


10 


ORIGINAL  SUBSCRIBERS. 

Jolin  Thurston,  50  Mill  street,  Germantown,  Pa. 

H.  Walvvortli,  Plattsburgh,  Clinton  Co.,  X.  Y. 

Henry  L.  Jewett,  Capitol  Bank  of  Macon,  Macon,  Ga. 

J.  C.  AVeston,  Cashier  Clinton  Xational  Bank,  Clinton,  Iowa. 

George  F.  Jasper,  First  Xational  Bank  of  Quincy,  Quincy,  Ills. 

C\  W.  Stutesman,  Bunker  Hill,  Ind. 

L.  Fleury,  Decatur,  Ills. 

AV,  C.  Stone,  City  Library,  Springtiehl,  Mass. 

General  M.  C.  Meigs,  AVashington,  1).  C. 

K.  F.  Gerald,  Auditor  C.  P.  R.  R.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Kdwin  Andrews,  Dee[t  River,  Conn. 

A.  C.  Gruhlke,  Waterloo,  Ind. 

Central  Library,  Syracuse,  X.  A".  * 

S.  L.  Cushman,  Cashier,  The  Bristol  ('o.  Xat.  Bank,  Taunton,  Mass. 
F.  .1.  Lothro]),  Leominster,  Xational  Bank,  Leominster,  Alass. 

]’.  II.  Parker,  Box  307,  AVashingtoii,  Ills. 

('hristine  Flherg,  Apenrade,  Schlesvig,  Germany. 

B.  AV.  Ivuniler,  Seven  Mills,  Butler  Co.,  Ohio. 

Xational  Xuniismatie  Museum,  Smithsonian  Ins.,  AVashingtoii,  I).  C 
J..  H.  Gray,  1‘alatka,  Fla. 

Thomas  Cunningham,  Mohawk,  Herkimer  Co.,  X.  A'. 

F.  W.  Furman,  308  AVestminster  street.  Providence,  R.  1. 

James  F.  Taylor,  Xo.  10  Branch  street,  Lowell,  Mass. 

C.  \V.  Blurne,  Xuttellhurg,  Fayette  Co.,  W.  AAi. 

S.  A.  McKean  <S:  (’o.,  100  Washington  street,  Chicago,  Ills. 

Dr.  G.  H.  Xewcomh,  04  Chestnut  street,  Albany,  X.  Y. 

.1.  C.  Fales,  J’rof.  Xat.  Science,  Central  College  of  Ky.,  Danville,  Kv 
AV.  R.  Kinnaird,  First  National  Bank,  AIcGragor,  Iowa. 

Henry  Abel,  .Ir.,  German  Xational  Bank,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

.lohn  S.  Cavern,  Cashier  First  Xational  Bank,  Macon,  Ga. 

Academy,  Mount  St.  A'incent  on  the  Hudson,  Xew  A'ork. 

(Jias.  F.  AVest,  138  Montague  street,  Brooklyn,  X.  A'. 

W.  F.  Shcn-ill,  Taylor,  Te.xas. 

Geo.  L.  Bolton,  Room  52,  Penna.  R.  R.  Building,  Philadeliihia.  Pa 
Geo.  A.  Holloway,  177  La  Salle  street,  ('hicago.  Ills. 

.lushii  Rinichi  Knki,  Ministerfrom  Ja[)an  to  C.  S.  A. 

D(»m  Pedro  II.,  Fmperor  of  Brazil,  S.  A. 

.Albert  M.  Baker,  224  South  Fifth  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

('harles  11.  Clarke  224  South  Fifth  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


11 


A.  Ilamlyn  Todd,  Library  of  rarliament,  Ottovva,  Canada. 

Augustine  Schneider,  O.  S.  Jb  Numismatist,  Beatty  P.  0.  "Westmore- 
land Co.,  Pa. 

John  Jones,  Kent,  Ohio. 

K.  K.  Chapman,  Farmers  and  Merchants  Saving  Fund,  Smithfield,  Va. 
C.  F.  Sonne,  Trukee,  (\al. 

Kli  Foorman,  Eaton,  Ind. 

John  Cashner,  Box  2,  Spearfish,  Dakota. 

E.  G.  Hyman,  Cashier,  Bangor,  Me. 

M.  Herbert,  bVasliington  C.  II.,  Ohio. 

(’has.  T.  Hull,  Cashier  First  National  Bank,  Athens,  Pa. 

John  H.  Werkheiser,  Cashier,  Silverton,  Colorada. 

C.  H.  Ryland,  Librarian  Richmond  College,  Richmond,  Ya. 

Winslow  .1.  Howard,  Assay’d*,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Jesse  Swced,  (Quaker  City,  Ohio. 

R.  "W.  McLochlin,  288  McGill  street,  .Montreal,  Canada. 

Frank  .McCoy,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

.John  G.  Anderson,  111  East  2d  street,  .laniestown,  N.  Y. 

Chas.  Morris,  (!4t>  Adams  street,  Chicago,  Ills. 

Edinger  Bros.,  18  Vesey  street.  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Lachman  & .Jacobi,  "W'ine  Growers,  San  Francisco,  C'alifornia. 

K.  A.  Lundertielt,  Librarian  Ihihlic  Library,  .Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Francis  Ravenscroft,  Birkheck  Bank,  Southampton  Buildings,  Chan- 
cery Lane,  London,  England. 

.1.  G.  Staunton,  Librarian  Bates  College,  Lewiston,  .Maine. 

.r.  11.  Day,  27  East  Southern  Bay,  Exeter,  England. 

Frank  A.  Wright,  48  Orange  street,  Lewiston,  Maine. 

Chas.  Norton,  Conneont,  Ohio. 

W.  E.  Berger,  824  N.  8d  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Capt.  C.  Penick,  R.  D.,  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Edwin  S.  Foster,  35  Meriinack  street,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

.ludson  W.  Blacke,  Wauseon,  Fulton  (’o.,  Ohio. 

Geo.  Follett,  corner  Maine  it  Thames  streets,  Norwich,  Conn. 

-Miss  Nellie  E.  Williams,  Colchester,  New  London  Co.,  Conn. 

Ryron  Reed,  Omaha,  Nebraska. 

Chas.  B.  Bovier,  Supreme  (Jov.,  Knights  of  Columbia,  Westfield,  Mass. 
.1.  G.  Mills,  24  Plain  street,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

A.  Gartner,  Savannah,  Ga. 

Miss  S.  S.  Cox,  22  West  Walnut  Lane,  Germantown,  Pa. 

Carl  C.  Zschiesche,  Numismatist,  4 Konigsstrasse,  Leipzig,  (Ttermany. 


12 


(i.  M.  riiillips,  Cashier  First  Xational  Bank,  Xorthtiekl,  Minn. 

(’.  M.  Wortliington,  Sterling,  fils. 

(C  ir.  Golding,  iU  East  Genesee  street,  Syracuse,  X.  "S'. 
l>r.  Shetter,  13<Ht  Arch  street,  Bliiladeli>liia,  Ba. 

d.  1).  Jdpjiineott  Co.,  IJooksellers,  715  Market  street,  I’hiladelphia,  l*a. 
Jjynian  Low,  Xiiinismatist,  858  Broadway,  Xew  York  City,  X.  Y. 

C.  K.  Foster,  Hornsea,  East  A'ork,  England. 

E.  S.  Ballard,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

S.  E.  !Meigs,  1713  Ijocust  street,  Bhiladelphia,  I'a. 

Warren  (liee,  Sjiring  Lake,  Michigan. 

d.  S.  Harrington,  32  Orange  street,  ^Yorcester,  !Mass. 

C.  H.  Martin,  Oxford  Bank,  Oxford,  Xeh. 

Henry  1^.  Sheldon,  Middlebury,  Yt. 

C.  E.  Morrill,  Blackberry  Station,  Ills. 

Theodore  F.  Rose,  Ivoryton,  (’oiin. 

Geo.  H.  Heath,  Monroe,  Michigan. 

G.  n.  Stewart,  Cashier,  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

H.  Hall,  Principal  Xorinal  School  of  Practice,  17th  and  Spring 
Garden,  Pliiladelpliia,  Pa. 

Martin  Stetfan,  dr..  Box  (JO,  .Memphis,  Mo. 

C.  1).  Yan  Hoesen,  Toledo  Xational  Dank,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

L.  S.  Hill,  (’asliier  iSe.seret  Xational  Bank,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Hunter  Stedinan,  dr.,  102  Chestnut  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

J'eter  M.  Schmidt,  Aabeiiraa,  Schlesvig,  Xorth  Germania. 

Dr.  Etlward  Marris,  1100  Pine  street,  Philadelphia,  Fa. 
llans  Berndt,  Bi.smarck,  Dakota, 
dames  Forbes,  Ogden,  Utah. 

Ralph  Heaton  A Son,  Mint  of  Birmingham,  England. 

Xunn  A Christie,  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  England. 

Karl  AV.  Hiei’semann,  1 Turner  strasse,  Leipzig,  Germania. 

Foster  Ely,  M.  A.  D.  D.,  Syracuse,  X.  Y. 

Francesco  Gnecchi,  Xunii.smaticco  Di  Brera,  Camerino,  Itali. 

Spink  A:  Son,  2 Gracechurcli  street,  London,  England, 
dulius  Hahlo,  41  I'nterden  Idnden,  Berlin,  X.  AY.  Germany. 

United  States  ('ounterfeit  Detector,  42  Broad  street,  Xew  York,  X.  Y. 
Adolph  AVcyl,  Xumismatist,  Berlin,  Germain'. 

E.  Fay,  3 Hue  Montholon,  Paris,  France. 

E.  V.  Maack,  Kiel,  Germany. 

Lorenz  J.  Elberg,  Jiametsbjerg  LiJit,  jtr  A peiir.ide,  Schlesvig,  Germany 
AN’m.  11.  Pederson,  damestown,  Dakota. 


13 


OOPVRIOHTEO  BY  A.  M.  SMITH. 

CURREMT  GOLD  ADD  SILVER  COINS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

A COMPILATION  FROM  OFFICIAL  DATA.  ' 

Name,  Fineness  ami  Weight,  of  Coins  furnished  especially  for  this  work  hy  the  TTox. 
Director  U.  S.  Mint.  Amount  of  Pure  Metal  in  Each  Piece,  accurately  computed.  Cur- 
rent Valuation  of  the  Coins  based  upon  the  official  proclamation  of  the  Secretary  U.  S. 
Treasury,  that  “ the  values  of  such  coins,  exprc.ssed  in  the  money  of  account  of  the  Cnited 
States,  are  to  he  taken  in  estimating  the  values  of  all  foreign  merchandize,  made  out  in 
any  of  said  Currencies  ” 


Gold. 

1 Coin. 

1 Legal  Weight 
1 Grai.ns. 

I Fineness. 

Grains  op 
Pure  Gold. 

1 Metal 
1 Value. 

AUSTRIA. 

(^uadr’j)l  Ducat. 

215.40 

986.1 

212.4 

$9.12 

1 “ 

.53.85 

986.1 

53.1 

2.28 

« Florins. 

90.5(i 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

4 Florins. 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

ARGENTINE 

1 Argentine. 

124.45 

900. 

112. 

4.82 

REPUBLIC. 

1 

62.22 

900. 

55.9 

2.41 

BELGIUM. 

100  Francs. 

4<I7.80 

900. 

4.39 

18.89 

iiO 

248.90 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

20  “ 

9!»..56 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

10 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1 92 

-) 

24.89 

900, 

22.4 

.!)6 

BOLIVIA. 

10  Bolivianos. 

248.90 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

5 “ 

124.45 

900. 

112. 

4.82 

2 ** 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

BRAZIL. 

20  Milreis. 

276.63 

916.6 

253.5 

10.92 

10 

1.38.31 

916.6 

126.7 

5.45 

5 “ 

69.16 

916.6 

63.3 

2.72 

CENTRAL 

Half  On/.a. 

254. 

875. 

222/! 

9.57 

AMERICA. 

i 

127. 

875. 

111.1 

4.78 

i 

63.5 

875. 

55.5 

2.39 

l-KJ  “ 

31.7 

875. 

27.7 

1.19 

Ten  Pasos. 

2<i4. 

875. 

257.2 

11.07 

5 “ 

147. 

875. 

128.6 

5.53 

2 

58.8 

875. 

51.4 

4.21 

1 

29.4 

875. 

25.7 

1.10 

CHILI. 

Condor. 

235.35 

900. 

211.8 

9.11 

Doubloon. 

117.67 

900. 

105.9 

4.51 

Escudo. 

47.07 

900. 

42.3 

1.82 

Peso. 

23.53 

900. 

21.1 

.91 

DENMARK. 

20  Crowns  (Kroner.)  138.28 

900. 

124  4 

5.35 

10  “ “ 

69.14 

900. 

62.2 

2.67 

EGYPT. 

100  Piasters. 

131.18 

875. 

114.7 

4.94 

50 

65.59 

875. 

57.3 

2 47 

2.')  “ 

32.79 

875. 

28.6 

1.23 

ENtiLAND. 

Sovereign, 

123.27 

916.6 

113. 

4.86 

J “ 

61.63 

916.6 

56.5 

2.43 

FRANCE. 

100  Francs. 

497.80 

900. 

448. 

19.28 

,■)() 

248.<i0 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

20 

90..56 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

10 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

5 

24.89 

900. 

22.4 

.96 

GERMANY. 

20  Marks. 

122.91 

900. 

110.6 

4.75 

1 J 

61.45 

<100. 

55.3 

2.37 

5 “ 

30.72 

900, 

27.6 

1.18 

GREECE. 

100  Drachmas. 

497.80 

900. 

448. 

$19.28 

50 

248.90 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

20 

09..56 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

10  “ 

49.78 

900. 

41.8 

1.92 

5 

24.89 

900. 

22.4 

.96 

HAYTI. 

10  Gourdes. 

248.90 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

5 

124.45 

900. 

112. 

4.82 

2 “ 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

SO 

1 

24.89 

900. 

22.4 

.96 

e 


14 


Gold.  1 

Coin. 

Weight  I 
Graiks.  I 

Fineness. 

1 Grains  op 
1 Pure  Gold. 

Metal 

Value. 

INDIA.  • 

15  Rupees  (Jlohur.)  180. 

916.6 

164.9 

7.09 

10 

120. 

916.6 

110. 

4.73 

5 

CO. 

916.6 

55. 

2..3C 

ITALY. 

100  Lire. 

497.8 

900. 

448. 

19.28 

50  “ 

248.9 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

20  “ 

99.56 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

10  “ 

49.78 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

5 

24.89 

900. 

22.4 

.96 

JAPAN. 

20  Yen. 

514.41 

900. 

462.96 

19.92 

10  “ 

257.20 

900. 

23 1 .48 

9.96 

5 “ 

128.60 

900. 

115.74 

4 98 

2 

51.44 

900. 

46.29 

1.99 

1 

25.72 

900. 

23.14 

.99 

MEXICO. 

20  Pesos.  . 

522.23 

875. 

456.95 

19.66 

10  “ 

261.11 

875. 

228.47 

9.83 

5 

130.55 

875. 

114.23 

4.91 

2i  ■' 

65  28 

875. 

57.11 

2.45 

1 

26.11 

875. 

22.84 

.98 

NETnERLANDS. 

10  Florins. 

103.7 

900. 

93.3 

4.01 

NORWAY. 

20  Crowns. 

138.28 

900. 

124.45 

5.36 

10 

69.14 

900. 

62.22 

2 68 

PERU. 

5 Incas. 

89.65 

900. 

80  68 

3.47 

2 “ 

35.86 

900. 

32.27 

1..38 

1 “ 

17.93 

900. 

16.13 

.69 

PORTUGAL. 

1 Coroa. 

273.68 

916.6 

250.8 

10.78 

i “ 

136.84 

916  6 

125.4 

5.39 

1-5  “ 

54.73 

916.6 

50.1 

2.15 

1-10  “ 

27.36 

916.6 

25. 

1.07 

RUSSIA. 

Half  Imperial. 

100.98 

916  6 

92.55 

3.99 

3 Roubles. 

60.59 

916.6 

f 5 53 

2.38 

SPAIN. 

100  Pesetas. 

497.8 

900. 

448. 

19.28 

50 

248.9 

900. 

224. 

9.64 

20 

99.56 

900. 

89.6 

3.85 

10 

49.78  • 

900. 

44.8 

1.92 

5 

24.89 

900. 

22.4 

.96 

SWEDEN. 

.Same  as  Denmark. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Same  as  France. 

TURKEY. 

500  Piasters. 

556.78 

916.6 

510  .34 

21.96 

250 

278.39 

916.6 

2.55.17 

10.98 

100 

111. .35 

916.6 

102.06 

4..39 

50  “ 

55.67 

916.6 

51.03 

2.19 

25  “ 

27.84 

916.6 

25.51 

1.09 

Owing  to  the  frequent  variations  in  the  metal  value  of  Silver,  it  is  here  computed  at  U.  3. 
value,  KKM)  fine,  $1.00  per  ounce. 


Silver. 

1 Coin. 

1 Legal 
1 Weight. 

1 Fineness. 

1 Pure 
1 Silver. 

Mbtal 

Valur 

Current 

Valih. 

AUSTRIA. 

2 Florins. 

381.03 

900. 

342.92 

.71 

$.79.6 

1 

190.51 

900. 

171.46 

.35 

.39  8 

2 Union  Thaler.  571..54 

900. 

514.38 

1.07 

1.19.4 

1 “ 

285.77 

900. 

257.19 

.53 

.’9.7 

ARGENTINE 

1 Peso. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

.9(1.5 

REPUBLIC. 

4 “ 

192.9 

900. 

173.6 

.36 

.43.2 

1-5  “ 

77.16 

900. 

69.44 

.14 

.19.3 

1-10  “ 

38.58 

900. 

34.72 

.07 

.09.6 

1-20  “ 

19.29 

900. 

17.36 

.03 

.01.8 

BELGIUM. 

5 Francs. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

.96.5 

2 

154.32 

835. 

128.85 

.26 

.33.6 

1 

77.16 

835. 

64.42 

.13 

.19.3 

50  Centimes, 

38.58 

835. 

32.21 

.06 

.09.6 

20 

15.43 

835. 

12.97 

.02 

.03.8 

BOLIVIA. 

1 Boliviano. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

.80.6 

4 

192.9 

900. 

173.6 

.36 

.40.3 

1 Peseta. 

77.16 

900. 

69.44 

.14 

.16.1 

1 Real. 

38.58 

900. 

34.72 

.07 

.08. 

4 “ 

19.29 

900. 

17.36 

.03 

.04. 

BRAZIL. 

2 Milreis. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

1.09.2 

1 

192.9 

900. 

173.6 

.36 

..54.6 

4 “ 

96.45 

900. 

86.8 

.18 

.27.3 

CENTRAL 

50  Centavos. 

254. 

750. 

190. 

.39 

.50. 

AMERICA. 

25 

127. 

750. 

95. 

.19 

.25. 

10 

50.8 

750. 

38.1 

.08 

.10. 

5 

25.4 

750. 

19. 

.04 

.05. 

CHILI. 

1 Peso. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

.91.2 

50  Centavos. 

192.9 

900. 

173.6 

.36 

.4.5.6 

20 

77.16 

900. 

69.44 

.14 

.18.2 

10  “ 

. 38.58 

900. 

34.72 

.07 

.09.1 

5 “ 

19.29 

900. 

17.36 

.03 

.04.5 

DENMARK. 

2 Crown. 

231.48 

800. 

185.18 

.38 

.53.6 

1 

115  74 

800. 

92.59 

.19 

.26.8 

50  Oere. 

77.16 

600. 

46..30 

.09 

.13.4 

40  “ 

61.72 

600. 

37.03 

.07 

.10.8 

25  “ 

37.34 

600. 

22.40 

.04 

.0(1.7 

10  “ 

22.37 

400. 

8.94 

.01 

.02.7 

ECUADOR. 

1.  Peso. 

• 385.8 

900. 

.347.2 

.72 

.30.6 

EGYPT. 

10  Piasters. 

192.9 

750. 

144.6 

.30 

.49. 

5 

96.45 

750. 

72.3 

.15 

.245 

24  “ 

48.22 

750. 

36.1 

.07 

.12  2 

1 

19.29 

750. 

14.43 

.03 

.04.9 

ENGLAND. 

Crown. 

436.36 

925. 

403.63 

.84 

1.21  6 

4 “ 

218.18 

925. 

201.81 

.42 

.60  8 

Florin. 

174.54 

925. 

161.44  . 

.33 

.48.6 

Shilling. 

87.27 

925. 

80.72 

.16 

.24.3 

Si.v-pence. 

43.63 

925. 

40.36 

.08 

.12.1 

Four-penee. 

29.09 

925. 

26.90 

.05 

.08. 

Three-pence. 

21.81 

925. 

20.18 

.04 

.06. 

Two-pence. 

14..54 

925. 

13.44 

.02 

.04. 

Pen  nv. 

7.27 

925. 

6.72 

.01 

.02. 

FRANCE. 

5 Franc. 

385.8 

900. 

.347.2 

.72 

.96.5 

2 “ 

154..32 

8,35. 

128.85 

.26 

..38.6 

1 “ 

77.16 

835. 

64.42 

.13 

.19.3 

.50  Centimes. 

38.58 

835. 

32.21 

.06 

.09.6 

20  “ 

15.43 

835. 

12.97 

.02 

.03.8 

GERMANY. 

5 Marks. 

428.66 

900. 

.385.79 

.80 

1.19. 

2 

171.46 

900. 

154.31 

.32 

.57.6 

1 “ 

85.73 

900. 

77.15 

.16 

.23.8 

50  Pfennig. 

42.86 

900. 

38  57 

.08 

.11.9 

20 

17.14 

9(X». 

15.42 

.03 

.04.7 

GREECE. 

5 Drachmas. 

385.8 

900. 

.347.2 

.72 

.96.5 

2 

154.32 

835. 

128.85 

.26 

.38.6 

16 


Metal  value  of  Silver,  it  is  here  computed  at  U.  S.  value,  100ft  fine,  ?1.00  per  ounce. 


SUver.  1 

Coin. 

1 I BGAL 

1 Weight. 

1 Fineness.  | 

PUKB 

Silver. 

1 Metal  1 
1 Valie.  ] 

1 Current 
1 Value. 

(JKKKCK — C'ontiimed. 

1 Dracliinas. 

77.16 

83.5. 

64.42 

.1.3 

.19.3 

50  Lepta. 

38.58 

835. 

32.21 

.06 

.00.6 

20  “ 

15.43 

83.5. 

12.97 

.02 

.07  7 

HAYTI. 

1 Gourde. 

385.8 

000. 

.347.2 

72 

.06.5 

50  Ceutinies. 

102.0 

835. 

161.1 

.3.3 

.48.2 

20  “ 

77.16 

835. 

64.42 

.13 

.10.3 

10  “ 

38.58 

835. 

32.21 

.06 

.00.6 

5 

19.20 

835. 

16.10 

.03 

.04.8 

1 Rupee. 

180. 

016.6 

165. 

.34 

.38.3 

i “ 

90. 

016.6 

82.5 

.17 

.19.1 

1 

•1 

45. 

016.6 

41.2 

.08 

.09.5 

i “ 

22.5 

016.6 

20.6 

.04 

.04.7 

IT.VLY. 

5 Lire. 

385.8 

000. 

.347.2 

.72 

.06.5 

2 “ 

154.32 

8.3.5. 

128.85 

.26 

..38.6 

1 “ 

77.16 

835. 

64.42 

.13 

.10.3 

50  Ccnt’siino. 

38.58 

835. 

32.21 

.06 

.Oii.6 

20  “ 

1.5.43 

83.5. 

12.97 

.02 

.0.3.8 

JAPAN. 

1 Yen. 

416. 

IKM). 

374.4 

.78 

.86.9 

50  Sen. 

208. 

000. 

187.2 

.39 

.43.4 

20  “ 

83.20 

900. 

74.9 

.15 

.17.3 

10  “ 

41.6 

!KK). 

.37.4 

.07 

.08.6 

5 “ 

20.8 

900. 

18.7 

.03 

.04.3 

MKXICO. 

1 Peso. 

417.79 

902.7 

377.14 

.78 

.87.5 

50  Centavo. 

208.89 

902.7 

188.57 

.39 

.43.7 

25 

104.44 

002.7 

04.28 

.19 

.21.8 

10  “ 

41.78 

902.7 

37.71 

.07 

.08.7 

5 

20.89 

902.7 

18.85 

.0.3 

.04.3 

NKTHERLANDS, 

21  Florin. 

385.8 

045. 

364.5 

.76 

1.00.5 

(HOLLAND.) 

1 “ 

154..32 

04.5. 

145.8 

.30 

.40.2 

50  Cents. 

77.16 

045. 

72.9 

.15 

.20.1 

NORWAY. 

2 Crown. 

231.48 

800. 

185.18 

.38 

,53.6 

1 “ 

115.74 

800. 

02.59 

.19 

.26.8 

24  Skillings. 

02.59 

800. 

74.07 

.15 

.21  4 

15  “ 

77.16 

600. 

46.3 

. .09 

.13.6 

12  “ 

61.72 

600. 

37.03 

.07 

.10.2 

3 

22.37 

400. 

8.0 

.01 

.03.4 

PERU. 

1 Sol. 

385.8 

900. 

.347.2 

.72 

.80.6 

5 Pesetas. 

385.8 

000. 

347.2 

.72 

.80.6 

1 

77.16 

900. 

60.44 

.14 

.16.1 

. 

1 Real. 

38..58 

900. 

34.72 

.07 

.08. 

1 “ 

19.29 

000. 

17. .36 

.03 

.04. 

PORTUGAL. 

500  Reis. 

102.9 

916.6 

176.8 

.36 

.40. 

200  “ 

77.16 

916.6 

70.7 

.14 

.16. 

100  “ 

38.58 

016.6 

35.3 

.07 

.08. 

.50  “ 

19.29 

016.6 

17.6 

.03 

.04. 

RUSSIA. 

1 Rouble. 

319.02 

868. 

277.60 

.57 

.64. .5 

i 

150.06 

868. 

138.84 

.28 

.32.2 

i “ 

70.08 

868. 

60.42 

.14 

.16.1 

1-5  “ 

63.98 

868. 

.5.5.53 

.11 

.12  9 

1-10  “ 

31.09 

868. 

27.76 

.05 

.06.4 

l-2t)  “ 

15.09 

868. 

13.88 

.02 

.03.2 

SPAIN. 

5 Pesetas. 

38'.8 

000. 

.347.2 

.72 

.06.5 

SWEDEN. 

2 

154.32 

835. 

128.85 

.26 

.38.6 

(See  Denmark. ) 

1 “ 

77.16 

64.42 

.13 

.10.3 

SWITZERLAND. 

50  Ceil  times. 

38.58 

.32.21 

.06 

.00.6 

(See  France  ) 

20 

15.43 

835. 

12.07 

.02 

.03.8 

TURKEY. 

20  Piasters. 

371.21 

830. 

.308. 

.64 

.8S. 

10 

18.5.60 

8.30. 

1.54. 

.32 

.44. 

5 

02.80 

8.30. 

77. 

.16 

2 ** 

37  12 

830. 

30.8 

.06 

.08.8 

1 

18..56 

830. 

1.5.4 

.03 

.04.4 

1 

9.28 

830. 

7T7 

.01 

.02.2 

U.  S.  COLOMlilA. 

1 Pe.so. 

385.8 

900. 

347.2 

.72 

.80.6 

17 


UNITED  STATES,  » a.  Gold.  I. 


18 


United  States  Coin  History  Tabulated. 


Goi-D  Coins. 

Coinage 

-VUTIIORIZED. 

\\  EIGliT 
IN  Grains. 

Fineness. 

Remarks. 

Double-Eagle 

.March  3,  1349. 

5!t> 

900 

Eagle 

4( 

April  2,  1792... 

270 

916* 

2.')8 

899.225 

Changed  by  .Act  of  June,  2.S,  18.34 

u 

<< 

258 

900 

Changed  by  Act  Jau’y  18,  1837. 

Half-r.agie 

(< 

1.35 

9165 

(( 

(< 

129 

899.225 

(’hanged  by  .Act  .Tune  2®,  1834. 

“ 

<< 

129 

900 

Cliunged  by  Act  Jau’y  18,  l6o7. 

Quarter-Eagle 

<< 

67.5 

9165 

“ 

<( 

64.5 

899.225 

(’hanged  by  Act  June  28,  1834. 

u 

<1 

64.5 

900 

Changed  by  Act  Jau’y  18,  1837. 

Three-Dollar  I’lece. 

Feb.  21, 1853... 

77.4 

900 

Oiie-Dollar  Piece.... 

Mareli  3,  1849. 

25.8 

900 

Silver  ( oins. 

Coinage  | Weight 
.Authorized. ;iN  Grains. 

Fineness. 

Re.marks. 

Dollar 

.April  2, 1792... 

416 

892.4 

ti 

4121 

900 

Changed  by  Act  Jan.  18,  1837. 

Coinage  of  Dollars  discontinued  by 
Act  of  Feb.  13,  1873,  and  rc-autborizcd 
oy  Act  of  Feb.  28,  1078. 

Trade  Dollar 

Feb.  12, 1873... 

420 

900 

Half-Dollar  

April  2,  1792... 

208 

892.4 

44 

206i 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  Jan.  18,  18.37. 

U 

44 

192 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  Feh.  21,  1853. 

“ 

4< 

192.9 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  Feb.  12,  1873. 

(Quarter- Dollar 

44 

104 

892.4 

44 

1035 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  .Tan.  18, 1837. 

44 

96 

900 

Changed  hy  Act  of  Eeb.  21,  1853. 

It 

4. 

96  45 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  Feb.  12,  1873. 

Twenty-cent  Piece. 

March  3,  1875. 

77.16 

900 

Coinage  Discontinued  May  2, 1878. 

D me  

April  2, 1792... 

41.6 

892.4 



41i 

900 

(’hanged  hy  Act  of  .Tan.  18,  1837. 

<< 

44 

38.4 

900 

Change<l  by  Act  of  Feb.  21, 1853. 

<4 

44 

38.58 

900 

ChiuigeJ  by  Act  of  Eeb.  12,  1873. 

Half-Dime 

44 

20.8 

892.4 

44 

44 

205 

900 

Changed  by  Act  of  Jan.  18,  1837, 
Coinage  Discontin'd  by  Act  Feb.  12,  x&73. 

Three-cent  Piece  ... 

Mareli  .3,  1851. 

128 

750 

. ... 

“ 

11.52 

900 

Changed  by  Act  March  3,  1853. 

Coinage  Discontin'd  by  Act  Feb.  13, 1873. 

THEUXITEDSTATESOFNOUTll  AMKKICA.  [Note,  while  in  the 
following  description  there  may  be  much  that  at  first  glance  will  seem  to  be  unnecessary, 
being  perfectly  familiar  tocitizensoftheUnitedStates,yetasthisbookis/yr  i/tc  world,  it 
is  proper  that  the  country  in  which  it  is  published,  should  receive  equal  attention 
with  that  bestowed  upon  foreign  nations,  the  inhabitants  of  which  are  not,  in  all 
cfiscs,  well  actiuaiuted  with  our  land,  its  commerce  and  finance].  The  United  States 
of  North  America  constitute  a redcral  Republic  comprising  the  central  part  of  the 
continent  and  the  territory  of  Alaska,  separated  from  the  rest  by  British  Columbia 
(see  special  article  on  Alaska).  The  main  portion  lies  between  lat.  24°  30'  and  4*.^-’ 
24'  N.  (at  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  W.  of  which  the  boundary  follows  the  49th  paral- 
lel), and  long.  G(jO  50'  and  124°  4.5'  W.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  British  America,  from 
which  it  is  in  part  scpanited  In'  Lakes  Sui)erior,  Huron,  St.  Clair,  Erie,  and  Ontario, 
with  their  connecting  streams,  and  the  river  St.  Lawrence;  E.  by  New  Brunswick 
and  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  S.  by  the  Gulf  and  Republic  of  Me.vico,  from  which  it  is 
partly  separated  by  the  Rio  Grande;  atiil  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  granted 


20 


length,  from  Cape  Codon  the  Atlantic  to  tlie  Paeillc  near  the  42  parallel,  is  nearly 
2,800  miles  and  the  greatest  breadth,  from  the  X.  W.  extremity  of  Minneso  a to  the 
southermost  point  of  Texas  1,000  miles.  The  area,  from  tlie  census  report  of  1880, 
3,607,o:l0  S(p  miles  (including  Alaska  but  exclusive  of  the  Lakes  and  River  surfaces 
bounding  the  Republic  or  single  States).  There  are  38  States,  1 Federal  District  and 
10  Territories.  The  total  area  of  the  States  and  Territories,  including  water  surface 
of  the  Lakes  and  Rivers,  is  cipial  to  about  4,000,000  S(p  miles.  In  1700  the  popula- 
tion of  the  U.  S.  was  3,929,214;  there  were  G cities  containing  an  aggregate  of  131,- 
472  inhabitants.  The  census  of  1880  shows:  population  of  the  Republic  50,15o,783; 
Xumber  of  cities  28C;  population  of  these  cities  11,318,547.  The  oflicial  valuation  of 
property  in  1880,  real  and  personal,  of  the  people  of  the  U.  S.,  was  $43,642,000,000. 
The  Indci)endence  of  the  United  States  was  acknowledged  by  England  which  had 
held  them  as  colonies,  on  September  13th,  1783,  after  a war  which  commenced  in 
1770,  thirteen  States  were  in  the  original  confederation  and  these  are  given  first  in  the 
table  following.  * 


STATES 


I’lMuisvlvania 

New  llaiiipslure 

Massacliusetts 

Hlioile  IslanU 

(Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Delaware 

.Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

(tcorgia 

Kentucky 

Vermont 

Tennes.-!ee 

Ohio 

I.s)uisiana 
Indiana 
Mississippi 
Illinois 
.Alal>aiua 
Maine 
Missfinri 
.Arkansas 
.Miehigau 
Florida 
Iowa 
Texas 
Wisconsin 
California 
Minnesota 
Oregon 
Kansas 
West  Virginia 
Nevaila 
Nebraska 
( 'olorado 
Dist.  Columbia 
Ter.  New  Mexico 
- Utah 
“ Washington 
“ Dakota 
“ Arizona 
“ hlaho 
“ Montana 
“ Wvommg 
“ Indian 
“ Ataska 


Total 


Area 
Sq.  Jllles 

Value  of 
Manufactured 
l'r(H)uc‘tsinl890 

45,215 

8 741,748,015 

9,:165 

7.-1, i)78, 628 

8,315 

63i,.5n.484 

1,250 

101,161,621 

4,6)0 

185,680,211 

49,170 

1,080.618.698 

7,815 

251,:175,236 

2,650 

20,514,4:18 

12,210 

106,771, :l!)3 

42.4.50 

51,810,6t)-2 

52.250 

20,084.-2.-17 

30..570 

16,738,008 

59,475 

;i6, 447,4 18 

40,400 

75,483,377 

9,.565 

31,354,:166 

42,650 

.37,074.886 

41,(HH) 

3I8,:165,;K)0 

48,720 

24,265,181 

36,:150 

148,006,411 

46,810 

7,495,802 

56,650 

411,864,673 

52,250 

l:l,565,.501 

33,010 

79,825..3i):l 

69,41.5 

165.384,(X)5 

53,850 

6,7.56,1.59 

58,915 

1:50,662,625 

58,680 

5,.516,+I8 

56,625 

71,61.5,626 

265,780 

20,719,628 

56,040 

1-28,24:5,480 

1.58,:ki0- 

116,-227,973 

83,:165 

76,065. 1!)8 

96,610 

10,879,982 

82,080 

;i0,790,212 

24,780 

22,867,1-20 

110,700 

2.179,626 

76,855 

12.6-27,316 

103,625 

11,260,1.59 

70 

11,882,316 

122..580 

1,281,816 

81,!)70 

4,:!24,!)f)-2 

6),-180 

.3,250,1.-14 

14!),100 

2,:i73,97(_) 

11.-1,620 

615.66> 

81,800 

1.271,317 

116,080 

1,8-15,867 

97,890 

898,494 

61,690 

577,:«I0 

3,607,.>-10 

85, "413, 667,706 

Fahms  t.x  the  T'.  S.  (18S0)  I Expendit'rs 
— Pub.  Schools 


Acres 


(I8S3) 


20.0fi0,-l'>5 
3.721,173 
3,;V)t»,07t» 
,‘)14,813 
2,176,413 
2:t,780,7.'.l 
2.!»29,773 
1 ,0!»0,24  j 
5.18,5.221 
1!U»IO,700 
22.li.i9,bl4 

13.. >i.5,237 
26,127,9.53 
21,941,974 

4.882.. 588 
20,(i66.91.5 

24.. 529. 226 

8.27.3.. 506 
20,656,259 
1.5,88.3.251 
82.402,343 

18.8.5.5. . 3.34 

6.. V>2,.578 
28,177,990 

12.061.. 517 

i;i.86!»,221 

.3,297,321 

25,6>5,163 

.36,:»3,4.51 

1.5.:t5.3,118 

16,-)93,742 

13.463,019 

4.428,712 

21,4.51.476 

10,225,:341 

.5'!0,862 

9,944.826 

1.126.. 58'.5 
18,146 

631.i:ll 

6>5..524 

1,409,421 

8,8fl0,6'6 

13.5..573 

327,718 

40.5,68.3 

124,433 


$ 97.5,68!».410 
7.5,8;51,.'189 
146,197,415 
25,882,079 
121,0(«,910 
1,656.176,741 
HHI,865,ft« 
36,789,672 

165.. 5(«..341 
216.(r28,107 
l:l5,7!«.602 

68,677,482 

111.910.. 540 
2.19,298,631 
109,:446,010 
2)6,749,837 

1,1-27,497  ,:i53 
.58.989,117 
6!.5.2i(i,lll 
9-2,844,91.5 
l,00t),.5.94,.580 
78,654,618 
10-2,;t57,61.5 
37.5,633.;i07 
74, -249,655 
4il9,16-J,181 
20,2)1,635 
667,4.-10,227 
170,468.886 
,357,709,.507 
2l>'2,651,-282 
1!).-I,721,2i0 
.56,908,.57.5 
215,178.936 
13-1,147,17.5 
.5,408..-l-25 
165.9.-1-2,.541 

25.109.223 
3.632,4(1:1 
5,.511,3!)9 

14.01.5,178 

13.844.224 
22.401,384 

1.127,946 

2.83-2,8i« 

8,234/(^ 

6-15,695 


8 9.3-15..360 
665,887 
5,81.3,186 
617,315 
1,81,-1,486 
11.97:1.191 
2,:il.5.663 
207.281 
l.(i61.211 
I2!t)7,620 
.58-2.470 
:189.334 
613,647 
1, 248,-524 
.558,-2!)0 
918,861 
9,4.51.143 
179,052 
4,:i07,0-20 
861,876 
9,097,:i72 
44H.4<)8 
1,107,725 
3,7(.7,04!) 

470,471 

3,2)!).061 

i:i3,-260 

5..525.449 

1.1.50,:l:32 

2.8<r2.877 

3.312.21.5 

1.977.81.5 
461,809 

2.194.17.5 

879.8- 20 

1.51, :l-27 
I.:t58,:i46 

7.52, :i61 
.579.312 

28,973 

18-2,414 

1 14.8- 25 
.512,.3-25 

77,i)98 

66,848 

260.610 

28,.V)4 

151,950 


Population 

(isau) 


4,282.891 
:«6,091 
1.733, 08.5 
-276..531 
622.700 
.5.-182.871 
i.ru.iio 
120,160 
721,69:t 

1.512.. 565 
1.:199.7.50 

965.. 5T7 
1,512.186 
1,648.)»)0 

.-312  286 

1.. 542.:i56 
3.19S.(H)2 

9:8), 946 
1.978.:i01 

1.131. . 597 
.3.077.871 

1.262.. 565 
618.9;M> 

2.168.. -186 

562.. 5-25 
1,616,937 

269.463 

1,6-24.61.5 

1..  591 .749 

1.. 31.5.4!)7 
861.6-91 
780.77:1 
174,768 
996,6)6 
618.4.57 

62.-266 

452.4<r2 

194.. -fc>7 
177,624 

119.. 565 
ll:t,i)6:i 
17.-..I76 
U5.177 

40. 1 10 

;i2.mo 

:8).i.5<) 

20,789 


53t),30H.179 


f!0,li)7.6)(!.776 


S65,76),945 


50,155,783 


UNITED  STATES,  Unauthorized  Coins.  Gold.  I. 


21 


3 


[The  inhabitants  of  Alaska  and  the  Indian  Tcrritor}'  (both  unorganized),  are 
not  incluued  in  the  above  total  under  “population.”  In  1880,  the  Alaska  census 
showed  30, 178  inhabitants;  the  estimated  population  of  the  Indian  Territory  was 
75,000.  In  1880,  the  total  “colored”  population  of  the  United  States,  including 
Negroes,  Chinese,  Jajianeseand  Indians,  was  0,580,793.  Foreign  born  whites,  over 
21  years  of  age,  3,072,487.] 

In  the  year  1884  there  was  exported  from  the  United  States;  of  merchandiser 
8740,513,009  in  value;  of  specie  $07,133,383;  of  agricultural  products,  $530,315,318. 
Immigrants  arriving  in  the  U.  S.,  in  1884,  518,592;  total  immigration  from  1820  to 
1885,  12,719,095.  The  report  of  the  princijial  cereal  productions  in  1880,  shows  a 
total  of  1,754,801,535  bushels  of  Indian  corn;  459,479,505  of  wheat;  407,858,999  ot 
oats;  44,113,495  of  barlej’;  19,831,595  of  rye;  and  11,817,327  of  buckwheat.  Total 
cotton  production  for  1880,  was  5,737,257  bales,  averaging  475  pounds  to  the  bale. 
Salt  produced,  in  1880,  was  in  value  $4,817,030.  The  sugar  product  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana  alone,  in  1883,  was  221,515  hogsheads,  the  average  weight  of  each  being 
1,137  pounds.  The  total  tobacco  crop  of  the  United  Stales,  in  1879,  was  409,810,208 
pounds,  valued  at  $30,024,357.  Pig  iron  manufactured  in  1883,  amounted  in  tons  to 
5,140,972.  In  1884,  there  was  in  operation,  a total  of  110,414  miles  of  railroad,  built 
and  equipped  at  a cost  of  $(>,084,750,045,  the  gross  earnings  of  which,  in  1883, 
amounted  to  $823,772,924.  The  telegraph  companies  of  the  United  States,  in  1884, 
had  an  aggregate  exceeding  104  miles  of  line,  one  company  alone  controlling  145,037 
miles  of  line,  with  450,571  miles  of  wire,  sending  in  that  year  42,070,220  messages, 
and  receiving  $19,0.32,940.  The  coal  fields  of  the  United  States  are  estimated  to  em- 
brace an  area  of  over  600.000  square  miles.  There  were  within  the  Union,  in  1884, 
12,071  different  periodicals  in  course  of  publication,  daily,  weekly  or  monthly.  Tlie 
public  lands  of  the  United  States  still  open  for  settlement,  and  sold  at  government 
rates,  in  1884,  comprised  an  area  of  2,835,883  square  miles,  or  1,814,905, 179  acres. 
In  1883,  there  were  22,383  patents  i.ssucd  from  the  United  States  Patent  Oflice.  The 
public  debt,  in  1884,  amounted  to  $1,830,528,92:5.57,  a reduction  of  $942,707,250.12 
from  1800,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  civil  war.  There  are  53,017  post  offices;  43,:5;>8,- 
127  miles  of  post-routes,  and  the  service  is  administered  at  a cost  of  $4(i,404,900  per 
annum.  The  total  tonnage  in  1884,  including  vessels  of  every  class,  was  4,271, 229  tons. 
The  total  receipts  of  the  U.  S.  for  the  year  ending  .Tune  30,  1884,  were  $348,519,809. 
The  gold  and  silver  produce  from  the  mines  of  the  United  States  in  1883,  in  value 
was  of  gold  $30,000,000  ; of  silver  $10,203,000.  The  amount  of  National  Bank  and 
Legal-Tender  Notes,  outstanding  on  October  31st,  1884  was,  of  National  Bank  No’.e.s 
$3:52,473,093;  of  Legal-'l’cnder  Notes  $:540,G81,010.  The  United  States  paid  in  1884, 
in  pensions  to  the  322,756  surviving  particiiiants  in  her  wars,  or  to  their  legal  heir.s, 
the  sum  of  $50,963,098.  The  amount  of  appropriation  made  by  Congress,  for  the 
fiscal  year  1885,  to  carry  on  the  different  departments  of  the  government,  was  $137,- 
451,:598.  To  enumerate  the  cultivated  and  natural  i>roducts  of  the  United  States 
would  reipiire  more  siitice  than  a volume  of  this  class  can  afford.  There  is  no  gift  be- 
stowed by  nature,  necessary  for  the  comfort  or  luxury  of  mankind  that  does  not  exist 
or  have  its  eiiuivalent  within  the  boundaries  of  the  nation  ; the  wealth  of  minerals,. 


N A 


Silver.  I. 


4 


UNITED  STATES, 


•■"•wo  ^ 


"•••1,7^  u 


7P 


"'iiuiiin»n'’'' 


S X M 


"i 


^17  9 


‘24 


precious  and  useful,  is  incalculable  and  inexhaustable,  and  its  resources  are  so  varied 
and  immense  as  t<i  render  it,  if  needs  be,  totally  indei)endent  of  its  entire  world  beyond 
its  limits.  The  state  of  the  total  United  States  circulation,  on  October  1st,  1884,  was 
as  follows; 


In  Treasury 

In  Banks  and 
Gen’l  Circulation 

Total 

Gold  Ibillion 

S 52,0lf>..5R7 

$ 52.940,387 

Hilver  Bullion 

4,934,401 

(told  Coin 

8 392.fi.T0,n8« 

537,.388,441 

Silver  Dollars 

H2,a7«.7S7 

40.:122.(U2 

1S2,:180,829 

Fractional  Silver  Coin 

2!M7t.l(i0 

4.3.344,718 

74,818.878 

(told  Certificates 

aVit'i.iKiO 

87,.‘}«Mi<!0 

l-20.936.«20 

Silver  Certificates 

2ii.7(i!U70 

90,491.231 

123,260,721 

U.  S.  Notes 

3ti..')2t.N72 

310,214.484 

346.739,236 

National  Hank  Notes 

U,07«.!r)7 

321.7.30.271 

33.3,82!».228 

Fractional  Currency 

7,ia5 

0,970,1.35 

6,977.260 

Total 

502,298,7.37 

S 1,;104.113,3()7 

8 1.806,412.324 

Alaska,  a territory  of  the  United  States,  formerly  known  as  Russian  America. 
It  comprises  that  part  of  the  continent  W.  of  the  141st  meridian  of  W.  long.,  with  a 
narrow  strip  of  land  between  the  Pacific  and  the  British  dominions,  with  the  Aleutian 
archipelago;  area  577,390  scpiare  miles,  and  population  in  1880,  of  30,178  (about  15,- 
000  civilized),  composed  of  Americans,  Esiiuimaux  and  kindred  tribes  and  Indians. 
The  principal  settlements  are  Sitka,  or  New  Archangle,  the  cai)ital,  St.  Paul,  on 
Kadiak  Island.  The  main  depot  of  the  seal  fi.sheries,  and  Captain’s  Harbor,  on  the 
island  of  Unalska.  The  coast  line,  4,000  miles  long,  is  bordered  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
W.  by  Behring  Sea,  and  S.  by  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Cape  Prince  of  "Wales,  a 
rocky  promontory  on  the  E.  side  of  Behring  strait,  is  the  most  westerly  land  on  the 
American  continent,  being  only  45  miles  from  Asia.  On  the  Pacific  coast  are  dense 
forests  of  the  Sitka  spruce  or  white  pine,  and  the  yellow  cedar,  hemlock,  and  balsam 
fir  are  also  found.  Certain  districts  olTer  good  grounds  for  agriculture  and  pasturage. 
(,'oal  exists  in  several  sections.  Cold,  silver,  cinnabar  and  iron  are  met  with  in  limi- 
ted (piantities.  Four  species  of  bears  are  found,  with  tlie  fox,  marten,  otter,  mink, 
lynx  and  w’olverene.  On  the  coast  arc  the  fur  seal,  sea  lion,  .sea  otter  and  walrus;  in 
the  adjacent  seas  whales  abound;  and  cod,  herring  and  halibut  exist  in  immense  num- 
bers. Vast  quantities  of  salmon  and  other  river  fish  are  caught  and  dried  ; in  sum- 
mer Alaska  is  the  resting  place  of  myriads  of  mignitory  birds.  The  fisheries  and  fur 
trade  are  the  leading  industries  of  the  country.  The  taking  of  fur  seals  is  now  reg- 
ulated by  law.  In  1880,  the  value  of  the  fisheries  was  $2,(!(51,G40.  Tlie  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment has  appropriated  $25,000  for  educational  i)urposcs,  without  distinction  of 
race.  The  Territory  of  Alaska  was  purchased  from  Russia,  by  tlie  United  States,  in' 
1807,  for  $7,200,000. 


•2.') 


UNITED  STATES,  n a Silver.  I. 


EQ,TJ-A.LIZ-A.TI02^  T-A.BLE 

GIVING  THE  AMOUNT  OF  GOLD  OR  SILVER  IN  COIN. 

Kxplaiialion  : — To  find  the  actual  amount  of  pure  metal  contained  in  a coin,  its  finene.ss  being 
known,  take  the  gross  weight  ot  the  piece  on  the  " grains”  tiible  and  follow  directly  across  until  the 
column  of  the  given  fineness  is  reached.  Thus,  110  grains  groMS,  at  S7.>  line  is  found  to  be 
grains  pure.  If  the  coin  weighs  109  gross  Uike  the  liKl  and  the  9 figures  in  the  grains  table.  The 
calculations  are  only  made  as  far  as  SOO  fine.  If  lower  or  intermediate  grades  of  fineness  are  sought, 
the  sim|>lc  rules  of  arithmetic  will  give  the  results  ot  any  possible  combination,  4.'M  fine  being  one- 
half  of  the  figures  here  given  for  900,  &o.,  Ac.  Of  cour.se  1000  tine  means  the  entire  gross  weight  is  pure. 


Gross 

Weight. 

Grains  at 

lOOO  FINE. 

FINENESS 

!)75 

FINENESS 

050 

FINENESS 

025 

FINENESS 

ooo 

FINENESS 

875 

FINENESS 

850 

FINENESS 

825 

FINENESS 

8(>(> 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

GRAINS 

1 

.*in 

1 » 

3 7 

0. 

3 3 

2 

i 

4 0' 

If 

T(5 

16 

1 

ll 

.13 

40 

1 

2 

1 I » 
* 20 

1 » 

^10 

u 

n 

1^ 

m 

15 

:5 

-40 

-20 

2}J 

n 

m 

n 

4 

•^TU 

n 

Vo 

3| 

3} 

3| 

3i% 

31 

5 

4} 

4} 

4} 

4} 

4| 

4" 

0 

m 

■Vo- 

V 

5} 

•5* 

J.1  « 
^2(J 

4J 

7 

^la 

•’fa 

H 

8 

‘ i 

7} 

7 

0} 

0? 

1) 

m 

vv 

7U 

7l 

10 

Of 

0 

8} 

8} 

8 

15 

14^ 

14} 

13} 

13} 

13} 

12} 

12} 

12 

20 

lOJ 

10 

18} 

18 

17i 

17 

10} 

10 

25 

24  J 

2:1} 

23} 

22} 

21J 

21} 

20i 

20 

:50 

29J 

284 

27} 

27 

20} 

2.5} 

24} 

24 

40 

;59 

38 

37 

30 

35 

34 

33 

.32 

50 

48J 

47} 

40} 

45 

43} 

424 

41} 

4!!i 

40 

00 

58J 

,yi 

.55} 

i54 

52} 

51 

48 

70 

08} 

00} 

04} 

03 

01} 

50.4 

57} 

.50 

80 

78 

70 

74 

72 

70 

08 

00 

04 

!KJ 

87} 

85} 

83} 

81 

78} 

70} 

74} 

72 

100 

07i 

05 

02.4 

90 

87} 

85 

82} 

80 

no 

107} 

104} 

101} 

09 

90} 

034 

00} 

88 

120 

117 

114 

111 

108 

105 

102 

00 

00 

i:?o 

120} 

123} 

120} 

117 

113} 

110} 

107} 

104 

140 

lOOi 

133 

120} 

120 

122} 

no 

11.5} 

112 

150 

140} 

142} 

i:i8} 

135 

131} 

127.4 

123} 

120 

100 

150 

152 

148 

144 

140 

130 

132 

128 

170 

105} 

101} 

157} 

1.53 

148} 

144} 

140} 

1.30 

180 

175} 

171 

100} 

102 

157} 

1.53 

148} 

144 

100 

185} 

1804 

175} 

171 

100} 

101} 

150} 

1.52 

2(K) 

105 

100 

185 

180 

175 

170 

105 

100 

210 

204} 

100} 

104} 

180 

183} 

178} 

173} 

im 

220 

214.} 

200 

20.3 

108 

102} 

187 

181} 

170 

250 

224* 

218} 

212} 

207 

201} 

195} 

180} 

1.84 

240 

2:i4 

228 

222 

210 

" 210 

204 

108 

102 

250 

240} 

237} 

231} 

225 

218} 

2124 

200} 

2(H) 

;ilM) 

202} 

285 

277} 

270 

202} 

255 

247} 

240 

4(H) 

:«M) 

:i80 

370 

3()0 

3.50 

.340 

3:30 

:320 

480 

4C.8 

4.50 

444 

432_ 

420 

408 

.3iM) 

;584 

COPYRIGHT  SCCUREO  BY  A.  M SM.TH,  1885. 


28 


C0PYRI0HT£0  BY  A.  M.  SMITH.  TABLES. 

Standard  Fineness  of  American  Coins,  the  Latin  Vnion^  and  Sine-Tenths  of  the  World.  Cash  Value 
of  Gold  and  Silver^  900  Fine,  by  Grains  atul  Pennyweiyhts. 

GOLD.,  Grains  on  outer  column,  money  value  opposite.  U.  S.  Standard,  900  fine,  S18.(i0pei 


GRAINS. 

$ CTS. 

GRAINS. 

S CTS. 

' GRAINS. 

S CTS. 

GRAINS. 

» CTS. 

h 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 
(5 

7 

8 
9 

10 

One-half 

12 

15 

20 

One 

24 

30 

35 

40 

(11 1 <'> 

• Ulyj 

.03J 

.Oil 

.111 

.154 

.341 

.381 

rennjTveight 

.404 

..58^ 

.7(4 

Pennyweight 

.03 

1.104 

1.3.51 

1.55 

45 

'Pwo 

48 

50 

55 

00 

05 

70 

Three 

72 

75 

80 

85 

00 

05 

Four 
00 
1(X) 
105 
110 
, 115 

1.741 

I’ennywelght 

1.80 

1.03f 

2.134 

2.324 

2.51| 

2.714 

Pennyweight 

2.70 

2.00^ 

3.10 

3.29| 

3.48| 

3.084 

Pennyweight 

3.72 

3.874 

4.OOI 

4.204 

4.45-4 

' Five 
120 
125 
j 130 
! 135 
140 

Six 

144 
' 150 
155 
100 
Seven 
108 
170 
175 
180 
185 
100 
FJght 
1 102 
1 195 

Pennyweight 

4.05 

4.84J 

5.03J 

5.234 

5.424 

Pennyweight 

5.58 
5.81 4 
O.OOf 
0.20 

Pennyweight 

0.51 

0.58| 

0.784 

0.074 

7.I0I 

7.304 

Pennyweight 

7.44 

7.554 

200 

205 

210 

215 

Nine 

210 

220 

225 

230 

235 

' Ten 

240 

2.50 
300 

3.50 

Fifteen 

300 

400 

4.50 

Twenty 

4.'-<0 

7.75 

7.94J 

8.13f 

8.334 

Pennyweight 

8.57 

8.  .524 
8.7U 
8.914 
0.104 

Pennyweight 

9.30 

9.08? 

11.024 

13.  .50  4 

I’eiinywelght 

13.05 

15.50 

17.4.34 

I'ennywelght 

I.S.IH) 

Q I I \/  C D value,  in  this  table,  is  in  the  outer  column,  grains  opposite.  U.  S.  .Standard 

O I L_  V ^ It . 900  fine,  UO  cents  per  ounce. 


CENTS 

GRAINS 

CENTS 

GRAINS 

1 CENTS 

GRAINS 

CENTS 

GRAINS 

1 5 
Iff 

.01 

.014 

.02 

.03 

.04 

One 

.044 

.0444 

.05 

•054 

.00 

•0<>Tff 

.07 

.074 

.08 

.08^ 

Two 

.00 

.004 

.10 

• lOA 
.11 

.114 

.12 

• i-iff 

.13 

.1.34 

5 

04 

10 

105 

10 

214 

Pennyweight 

24 

25 
20J 
30 
32 
35 

374 

40 

42S 

45 

I’ennywelght 

48 

.50 

534 

55 

.58| 

(iO 

04 

0.5 

004 

70 

Three 

.134 

.14 

•14* 

.15 

.1544 

.10 

.104 

.17 

Four 
.18 
.184 
.19 
.1014 
.20 
.204 
.21 
■)l  B 
•-Mff 
.22 
Five 

.224 

.23 

•2.‘1* 

.24 

.244 

;25yV 

Pennyweight 

72 

74| 

75 

80 

85 

854 

00 

OOJ 

95 

Pennyweight 

00 

100 

1014 

105 

lOOJ 

110 

112 

115 

1174 

Pennvwelght 

120 

122| 

125  1 

128 
1.30 

13.34 

1.35 

.20 
, .204 

.2( 

1 -27* 
, .28 
■ .284 
.20 

: .20* 
, ..30 
.3011 
.31 

^ Seven 

1 -314 
, ..314 

..32 

•32}  a 

.33 

..33J 

.34 

•34}J 

..3i) 

• 35j 

Fight 

..30 

■?(■>  B 

.•>’*Iff 

.37 

138J 

140 

Pemiywelght 

144 

145 

1494 

1.50* 

154| 

155 

100 

105 

10.54 

Pennyweight 

108 

170 

170§ 

175 

170 

180 

I8I4 

185 

180| 

100 

pennj-welght 

102 

10.5 

1074 

..374 
..-18 
• 38* 
.30 

.304 

.40 

••*0* 

Niue 

.404 

.41' 

.41} 

.42 

•4-2* 

.43 

•4.3* 

.44 

•-W* 

Ten 

.45 

.404 

..504 

.0.r| 

Fifteen 

.074 

.7.5 

.844 

Twenty 

.!K) 

200 

2024 

205 

208 

210 

21.34  - 

215 

Pennyweight 

210 

218S 

220 

224 

225 

2294 

2:50 

2:544 

2.35 

Pennyweight 

240 

2.50 
.31 K) 

3.51.) 

Pennvwelght 

:5oo 

400 

4.50 

Pennyweight 

4St) 

30 


COPYRIGHTED  BY  A.  M,  SMITH.  TABLES 

<iilvitiic  the  C'nftli  Vnine  of  faohl  and  Silver  lOOO  Fine  b.r  faraiiiK  nn^l  Penn.vweisrhhi. 

The  value  of  any  lesser  tineuess  may  bedeterinlmul  by  dediu  ting  at  the  rale  of  10  per  oeiu.  for  each  hundred. 
ThiisiCi  (KngUsh  Standard)  is  7^-j  ]hm‘  rent,  less  than  this  table.  For  9uu  tine  (Anierleaii  ^Standard)  dtsluet  10 
1H51'  eeiit. ; for  8>3U,  take  oU  10  per  cent,  and  so  on  to  any  limit. 

/A  I Opposite  the  number  of  grains  on  the  outer  columns,  stands  its  money  value  cal- 

VJ  L L/  « culated  at  V.  S.  Standard.  lOOi)  fine.  g20.b(>  ]>er  ounce. 


GRAINS. 


1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 
(3 

7 

8 

!» 

10 

One-half 

12 

15 

20 

One 

24 

30 

35 

40 


.08^2^ 

1 71  s 
■ ^ * i>  (T 
2 5 

.25JS 

■mi 

.38^^ 

.4:4* 

Pennyweight 

.oU3 

.G4^”j 

.86t>j 

Pennj'wclght 

1.03A 

1.2'4 

1.50fJ 

1-T2j 


1 GRAINS. 

$ CTS.  1 

1 45 

1.031,1  ' 

Two 

Pennywelglit 

48 

2.0(>| 

50 

2.15/, 

55 

2.302} 

00 

2.58} 

05 

2.70H 

70 

3.01>t 

Three 

Pennyweight 

72 

3.00/^ 

ay 

3.221} 

80 

3.44i 

85 

3.05J} 

00 

3.87} 

05 

4.08}} 

Four 

Pennyweight 

00 

4.  i4 

100 

4.30/, 

105 

4.51H 

no 

4.73H 

115 

4.or>/^ 

GRAINS. 

“Five 

120 

125 

130 

135 

140 

six 

144 

150 

155 

100 

Seven 

108 

170 

175 

180 

185 

100 

Eiglit 

102 

105 


» CTS. 
PennywelgliT' 

5.  U’,i 

5.:48^j 

5.50^J 
5.81 jV 
0.02/2 

Pennyweight 

O.lOi 
0.45| 
0.07^j 
0.88 1 
Pennyweight 

7.3U  J 

7.53U 

7.74f 

7.00H 

ai7ij 

Pennyweight 

8.20| 

8.30/V 


5 1 


GRAINS. 

“200 

205 

210 

215 

Nine 

210 

220 

225 

230 

235 

Ten 

240 

250 

:m 

350 

Fifteen 

300 

400 

450 

Twenty 

480 


9 CTS. 

^ 8.00ii  ‘ 
8.82J1 
0.03J 
0.25JI 

Pennywelglit 

0.401  • 

0.08/j 

0.00.4 

10.1ljj 

Pennyweight 

10.33 

IO.7O5V 

12.01  i 

15.(M)h 

Pennyweight 

15.404 

17.2l| 

10.30J 

Pennyweight 

20.00 


Q|  I \/ir  D Tlie  money  value  occuiiies  tlie  ont.-iido  columns  in  tins  taliie.  As  the  price  of 
O I I—  V C_  II . Silver  fluctuates  more  ami  more  eacli  year,  tliese  calculations  have  been  based 
upon  the  metal  at  Sl.OO  per  ounce.  lOUU  fine;  such  price  beiiiKafair  and  safe  average  for  buyer  and  seller. 


CENTS 

GRAINS 

CENTS 

GRAINS 

CENTS 

GRAINS 

.Olj*, 

5 

.15} 

75 

.20 

130} 

.02 

n 

.10  . 

70} 

.20} 

140 

AO  1 

10 

.10| 

80 

Six 

Pennyweight 

.0.3 

14} 

.17 

81} 

..30 

144 

.04 

10} 

85 

..;o* 

145 

One 

Pennyweight 

.18 

80} 

..31 

148} 

.0.) 

24 

.18| 

00 

..31} 

1.50 

.Oii 

25 

284 

.19 
.10}  2 

01} 

05 

..32 

••■52* 

1.53} 

1.55 

.00} 

.30 

Four 

PennjTvelght 

..33 

1.58} 

.07 

33} 

.20 

00 

.3.3} 

100 

.Uij'j 

35 

.20} 

100 

1 ..34 

10.3} 

.08 

.2r 

100} 

105 

.00 

44} 

.21} 

105  - 

1 

\ Seven 

Pennj-welght 

.00} 

4t) 

105} 

' ..35 

108 

Two 

10 

Pennyweight 

48 

.22U 

110 

..3.5* 

170 

lOvV 

50 

.23 

110} 

.30 

1-2} 

• "’1 1 
11 

524 

.2.3}  2 

115 

..30}} 

175 

.llJl 

.12 

124 

55 

57} 

00 

.24 

Five 

.25 

115} 

Penn>-welght 

120 

.3/ 

..37} 

..38 

177} 

180 

182} 

13' 

02? 

.20 

1244 

■■m 

185 

131} 

05'' 

.20* 

125 

..30 

187} 

AA 

071 

.27 

.30* 

1!H) 

14 

70 

.27* 

1.30 

Eight 

penntTvelght 

. 1 1 
Tliree 

Pennyweight 

.28 

134} 

.40 

102 

.15 

72 

.28} 

1.35 

.403 

. 105 

o oil 


32 


AUVANCK  SIIEKT  FUOM  REPORT  ON  THE  PROOICTION  OF  THE  PRECIOUS 
METAES  IN  THE  U.  S.  FOR  1885,  I5Y  THE  HIRECTOR  OF  THE  MINT. 

.1  rernge  price  of  hnr  silver  in  London,  per  ounce.  British  standard,  (925, ) since  JS.Vi,  and  the  equivalent  in 
United  Btates  gold  coin  of  an  ounce  1,000, line,  taken  at  the  average  price. 


Averagt! 

Value  of  a 

Average 

Value  of  a 

a\verage 

Value  of  a 

< alc^iular 

fine  ounce 

Caleudai 

fine  ounce 

Caluiular 

fine  <iunce 

(^notation. 

at  average 

quotation. 

at  average 

quotation. 

at  average 

London. 

duotatioii. 

London. 

qU(»tatioU. 

year. 

I.l  Illlou. 

Quotation. 

b • Sa 

L.  b. 

U.  b. 

d. 

Doltfirs, 

d. 

DotUirs. 

d. 

Dollars. 

i'3;5 

7.!)  A 

1.2!), 7 

1851 . . . 

01 

1. 3.3,7 

1809. .. 

0)'* 

00* 

1..52.5 

1834.... 

iVl*  1 

1.31.3 

18.52.  . 

00.1 

1..32.0 

1870... 

1..32.8 

18.3.') 

.-)<)' 1. 

1..30,8 

1.31,0 

18.53. .. 

ou 

1..34,8 

1..34,8 

1871.. . 

00.', 

i.:2,o 

1.. 3-2.2 

1833.... 

00 

1854... 

Oil 

1872.. . 

0(* 

1837.... 

r,!),<v 

1.  'JO,  5 

185.5 . . . 

1..34,4 

1873.. 

59j 

1.2!),8 

1838.... 

-.!)> 

1..30,4 

18.50 . . . 

01 A 

1.34,4 

1874.. . 

1.-27.8 

18.3:)  . 

OOj 

1.32,3 
1. 3-2,3 
1.31,ti 

1857 . . . 

OU 

1.3.5,3 

1875 . . 

5(>4 

1.-24.0 

184.) 

'>>1- 

1858. .. 

Olyff 

1..34;4 

1870... 

.52j 

1. 1.5.0 

1841.... 

0(\V 

l.-v.-)!) . . 

0-2 

1..30 

1877. .. 

*>4 1 

1.20,1 

184-2. . . . 

1.30,3 

1800. . . 

01  fiV 

1.. 3.5,2 

1878... 

1.15,2 

1843.... 

■VI  3 

1.-20, 7 

1801... 

0015 

1.3:i,3 

Is7!).. . 

51' 

1.12,3 

1844.... 

r.!)  1 

1.30,4 

1802.. . 

01/g 

1.34,0 

1880.. . 

52i 

1.14,5 

184...... 

r,!)|. 

l.-20,8 

1803.. . 

04 

1.34,5 

1881 . . 

•'■>14 

1. 1.3,8 

1813... 

1..30 

1804.. . 

04 

1.34,5 

1882. .. 

•">14 

1.13,0 

1817.... 

.3!)},\ 

1.30,8 

1805... 

01* 

1.33,8 

188.3... 

1.11,0 

1848.... 

-.!)! 

1.30,4 

1800.. . 

04 

1. 3.3,9 

1881. .. 

.50^ 

1.11,3 

184!).... 

•-)!)J 

1.30,9 

1807 . . . 

00* 

1.32,8 

. . . 

<8* 

1.00,48 

18-.0.... 

OOA 

1.31,0 

1808.. . 

601 

1.32,0 

RATIO  OF  SILVER  TO  GOLD  EACH  TEN  TEARS  SINCE  1687. 


YEAR. 

RATIO. 

YEAR. 

RATIO* 

YEAR. 

RATIO, 

YEAR. 

RATIO. 

1087 

14.94 

1840 

1.5.02 

10!K) 

15.02 

1740.... 

14.94 

1790.... 

15.04 

18.50.... 

15.70 

1700 

14.81 

17.50.... 

14.55 

1800.... 

1-5.08 

1800 

1.5.-29 

1710 

1.5.22 

1700 

14.14 

1810.... 

15.77 

1870.... 

15.  .57 

1720 

1.5.04 

1770 

14.02 

l.s-20 

15.02 

1880 

18.05 

17.30 

14.81 

1780.... 

14.72 

18:30.... 

15.82 

1885 

19.41 

STATKMKNT  Sli€>wlnK  the  Hlt;h€‘st.  Lowest,  aiul  Averajce  Value  of  the  U.  S.  Silver  I>ollar, 
Measiireil  by  the  Ctolil  Staii<tar<l,  aiitl  the  Ouantity  of  Fine  Silver  l*ur<*hasable  with  a 
rnite«l  States  Silver  Dollar  at  the  Avera^©  London  J*rice  of  Silver  Kach  \ear  Since  1873. 


i 

CALENDAR  YEARS. 

GOLD  VALVE  OF  A SILVF.R  DOLLAR. 

GK.U.N.S  OF  ITRE  .SIT.VER  AT 
THE  AVERAGE  PRICE  PVR- 
CIIA.SAHLE  WITH  A UNI- 
TED .STATE.S  DOLLAR. 

/•>~i  oe.  5 in  a stanilanl 
(.171. .D  Igiiver  dollar.) 

Lowest. 

Highest. 

Average. 

Ih7.5 

1K7I 

1H7.5 

1S76 

1S7S 

I;s7!)  

KvSO 

l.ssi 

MS-2 

l.SSI 

ISSj  

go.ns.i 
.(17,0 
1 .!0,I 

' .7!),2 

1 .!>n,2 

.S.-I.9 
.82.8 
.87  ,.5 
.86.2 
.81,7 
.81,7 
.8Jt.9 
.79,4 

Sl.ni.6 

1.IHI.8 

.97.7 

.99.1 

.98,7 

.!«.(•> 

.91.1 

.89.11 

.89.11 

.88.7 

.8(1,8 

.87.1 

.84.7 

81.00.4 
.98.8 
.9(1.4 
.89,4 
.9-2,9 
.89,1 
.80,8 
,88,.5 
.88 
.87.8 
.8.‘>  8 
.1-6,1 
.82,.-l 

,-i09.77 

375.78 

38.-i.ll 

41.5.27 

3!I9.62 

41(1.(36 

427.70 

419.49 

421.87 

4-22.83 

432.(19 

431.48 

4.51.09 

TKKASVKY  niCPAUTMKNT,  JAMES  P.  KIMBALL, 

lU’HKAU  OK  THE  MINT,  JANI’AIIY  23,  I'Sfl.  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  MINT. 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC,  c-a  pi  ataos.  a.  Gold.  n.  ^ 


Gold.  ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC,  h a pi  ata,. 


Xo, 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PCRE 

Silver 

. 

^'ALU1•:.  j 

1. 

(Jeii’l  Ilos'i,  Governor. 

2 Eseudos. 

JS70 

101 

90 

.18 

Republic. 

4 do 

870 

208 

ISl 

.38 

3. 

Rosa. 

Doubloon. 

870 

425 

370 

.77 

•1. 

do 

Rosa  Doubloon. 

870 

417 

3(J3 

.75 

5. 

Republic. 

Doubloon. 

815 

418 

340 

.70 

6.  . 

do 

2 

2 E.seudos. 

870 

104 

90 

.18 

2 


SUver.  ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 


No, 

1 PERIOD 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

jWEir.HT 

OF 

1 Coin. 

GRAINS 

PL’RE 

Silver 

VALUE 

1. 

The  monetary  system  of 

Peso. 

850 

407 

345 

.72 

2. 

this  Coiilcderacy  is  the 

Peso  of  8 Reals. 

899 

422 

379 

.79 

3. 

same  as  that  of  Spain,  of 

do 

931 

437 

406 

.'1 

4. 

which  it  was  formerly 

1 Real. 

851 

40 

39 

.Os 

5. 

a Vice-Royalty,  but  the 

i Peso,  2 Reals. 

800 

103 

82 

.17 

c. 

standards  are  so  much 

1 do 

914 

203 

184 

.38 

7. 

below  the  S|>anish  that 

Peso,  (1802,) 

900 

417 

375 

.74 

8. 

its  coins  never  pass  at 

i Real. 

750 

26 

19 

.04 

0. 

their  face  value. 

1 do 

851 

45 

38 

.08 

10. 

1 Pe.so. 

800 

100 

80 

.16 

ARG.  REPUBLIC,  (l  A pi  ATA)  s A Silver.  II. 


AIWIKNTINI']  KI'jPUliLIC,  South  America.  Boundcil,  X.  by  Bolivia 
and  Pantguay,  E.  by  Paraguay,  Brazil,  Uruguaj’  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  Patagonia,  and  W.  by  the  Andes,  sei)ar.iting  it  from  Cbili.  The  Confed- 
eration consists  of  14  Provinces  of  the  Bio  de  la  Plata,  Buenos  Ayres  being  the  most 
populous.  Total  area,  l,(!l!),r)00  stpiare  miles;  poi)ulation,  2,i)4'2,(M)0.  E.\iK)rts  mostly 
wool,  bidesand  tallow,  amounting  in  18S2  to  800,389,052,  No  banking  law  e.xists; 
the  National  and  Provincial  are  the  only  autborized  banks  of  emission;  private  banks 
are  not  re<iuired  to  present  tbcir  cash  statements.  Agricultuml  products,  wheat  and 
maize,  cotton,  rice,  sugar,  indigo,  tobacco,  lla.x,  cocoa,  cochineal,  madder,  cinchona, 
Paraguay  tea  and  fruits.  3Iiner.ils,  gold,  silver,  cojii)er,  eoal,  .salt,  alum  and  sulphur. 


ARG.  REPUBLIC  (LA  PI.ATA)  S.  A.  Silver.  JL  , 


Silver. 


BOLIVIA. 


,,  i PERIOD 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

grains! 

PURE 

Silver! 

VALi 

I. 

Peso. 

900 

•114 

372 

.77 

2.  No  gold  coins  are  issued 

Peso  of  8 Reals. 

900 

418 

376 

.78 

3.  hy  Bolivia  for  general 

do 

900 

418 

376 

.7S 

■4.  circulation.  There  is 

Boliviano. 

<>00 

500 

450 

.93 

0.  a Doubloon  minted,  in 

1-16  Peso  or  i Real. 

900 

25 

22 

.04J 

C.  general  style  resembling 

i 

do 

677 

210 

144 

.30 

7.  the  silver  coins;  its  value 

i 

do 

t>77 

210 

144 

.30 

8.  is  $13.58. 

i 

do 

900 

52 

47 

.09 

9. 

i 

do 

900 

104 

93 

.19 

BOLIVIA,  S.A 

Silver.  HI. 

1 

❖C^IEZl 

, .^nnxw 


T/.V  ^ 
vLniiNji 


■ClNTo* 

riwp. 


; MEDIO  BS* 
50  CEKT? 

,<l  «•  SOO  M> 


ITINTE 

CK.VT! 

[•D'rijioji 


Silver. 


BOLIVIA,  S.  A. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WKIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlI.VER 

VALLE. 

1. 

Tliese  Coins  are  struck 

(On  Boliviano. 

900 

.381 

343 

.71 

r.t  “Tlie  Mint”  Hirming- 
ham,  England. 

Ilali>h  Heaton  & Sons. 


Ton  Cents.  900  .‘18  34  .07 

Five  do  900  19  17  .03i 

Twenty  Cents.  !HMt  70  08  .11 

Half  Boliviano.  900  193  173  .30 

HOLIVl.V,  a Ueiuiblio  and  most  centml  Slate  of  South  America.  Area,  .ISf*.  200 
s(iuare  miles;  i)opulation,  2,:{2.-),tM»0.  Immensely  rieh  in  Silver,  the  mines  of  Hotosi 
having  yielded,  since  hid.*)  over  siUOOt^OOt^OtHl;  gold,  copper,  lead,  tin,  sjdt  and  sul- 
phur are  also  found,  with  large  guano  deiM)sit.s.  The  agrieulluml  ].roduels  are  rice, 
harley,  oat.s,  mai/.e,  cotton,  cocoa,  indigo,  itolatoes,  the  choicest  fruits,  india  ruhher 
gum,' cinchona  hark  and  medicinal  herhs.  E.xports  in  1S81.  89.:581,97:l.  Only  one 
chartered  hank  e.xi.sis.  Most  oftlie  importsare  ihrougli  tierman  houses.  Its  e.\|)oils 
compri.se  all  the  native  prcKluclions. 


.‘»7 


BOLIVIA  s A Silver.  III.  , 


\CJVo 


1 


BRAZIL. 


J V/J.V4.* 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtlOHT 

OF 

Coin. 

PURE 

Gold. 

•>n> 

i)ou  Pedro  11. 
do 

Pedro  1. 
Pedro  1 1. 
Pedro  1. 


do  do  016  221  202 

Mreda  d’Ours,  4,000  Ueis.  916  123  113 

■5  Dobra  of  6, 400  Peis.  016  221  202 

do  do  016  221  202 


VALUE. 


$8.69 

8.69 

4.87 

8.60 

8.69 


BRAZIL,  s A Silver.  IV. 


Silver. 

BRAZIL. 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

1 

j COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 
ISlI.VER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Peter  1 1 

2 Milreis. 

Old 

393 

360 

So 

do 

1 do 

916 

196 

179 

.37 

3. 

do 

1 do 

916 

196 

179 

.37 

4. 

.lo 

i do 

916 

98 

80 

.IS 

-in 


Silver.  BRAZIL. 


No. 

I’KRIOI) 
OK  SECTION. 

COIN. 

.WtlliHT 

FINE.'  OK 
1 Cniv. 

GRAINS) 

PURR 

SlIA'KR 

VALU 

1. 

I’eter  II. 

1200  Eeis  Piece. 

917 

415 

378 

78 

o 

do 

800  “ 

U 

860  to  !i02 

275 

.5. 

do 

400  “ 

H 

!t04  . 

1.38 

124 

26 

4. 

do 

100  “ 

H 

897 

34 

30 

6 

5. 

<i<> 

200  “ 

U 

897 

69 

63 

13 

6. 

do 

80  “ 

it 

91.5 

35 

31 

61 

7, 

do 

1(!0  “ 

“ 

917 

59 

53 

11 

«. 

do 

320  “ 

“ 

917 

138 

124 

26 

<1. 

do 

2 Patacas,  (!40 

Reis. 

!t06 

280 

253 

53 

10. 

(*0 

Pistarc,  000 

“ 

!I00 

420 

378 

78 

ItHAZIL,  the  only  Kinj^doin  on  the  'Western  Continent,  and  tlie  largest 
country  of  South  America;  hounded  N.  hy  the  .Vtlantic  Ocean,  Ouiana,  and  Vene- 
zuela; 'W.  hy  Ecuador,  Peru,  Bolivia,  Paraguay  and  Argentina,  S.  hy  Uruguaj’,  and 
E.  hy  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  :l.‘2H7,!)H4  sejuare  miles;  population,  11,831,!W(>. 
Brazil  consists  of  sixteen  provinces  along  the  coast,  and  four  in  the  interior.  It  has 
nohle  rivers;  the  forests  ahound  in  mahogany,  logwood,  rosewood,  hi-azil  and  other 
valuahle  woods.  !>Iaize,  heans,  cassava-root  and  nuts  are  generally  cultivated,  also 
cotton,  sugar-cane,  colfee,  india-ruhher,  and  tobacco.  The  minerals  comprise  gold, 
silver,  iron,  diamond.s,  tojiazcs  ajid  other  luecious  stones.  Its  ex|)orls  consist  of  all 
the  products  and  amounted,  in  188:5  to  8108,;>.')4,000.  All  the  gold  luoduced  at  the 
mines  is  exported  except  a comparatively  small  amount  coined  at  the  national  mint. 
No  gold  is  in  circulation  and  very  little  silver,  the  i)aper  money  consisting  of  Treas- 
ury hills  and  notes  of  the  Biiizil  and  other  banks.  There  are  2:5  lines  of  steam-vessels, 
receiving  annual  subsidy  from  the  State  of  $1,000,000,  besides  the  North  American 
steam.ship  line  running  from  New  York  to  Bmzil  receives  $100,000  annually.  In 
18^4  there  were  .“I.-IOO  miles  of  r.iilway  open  and  1..100  in  course  of  construction. 


• 4i 


/ 8 5 “t  - 


i-VllMp 


i#24S» 


4MP 


\ 0 


s ' 


Gold. 


CHILI. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.n. 

VALL 

1. 

Douhloon. 

8G9 

417 

.852 

1.5.15 

i do 

871 

104 

90 

3.87 

;t. 

Chili  became  a Republic, 

i do 

872 

104 

91 

3.91 

4.  seceding  from  8]>uiii,  in 

i do 

870 

208 

180 

7.74 

a. 

1S17. 

D.nihloon. 

870 

415 

300 

15.49 

6. 

Its  gold  coinage  is  much 

4 do 

872 

51 

43 

1.85 

7.  below  the U.S.  Standard. 

Doubloon. 

870 

410 

356 

15.31 

i do 

870 

20!) 

182 

7.83 

CHILI,  a l{ciuil)lie  of  South  America,  between  the  Amies  range  of  mountains 
and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  including  Pattigonifi  west  of  the  Andes,  extending  coastwise 
from  Holivia  to  Ciipe  Horn.  Agriculture  tlourishes;  the  wheat  crop  averages  10,000, - 
000  bushels,  two-thirds  of  whicli  is  exported.  There  are  mines  of  gold,  silver,  cop- 
per, coal,  lead  mixed  witli  silver,  and  iron;  in  its  mountains  are  found  the  tigate, 
jasper,  rock  crystal  and  other  precious  stones.  The  manufactures  are  earthen  and 
eoitper  wares,  cordage,  linen.s,  .soap,  brandy  and  light  wines.  Chief  exports:  wheat, 
flour,  bides,  tallow,  salt,  wool  and  the  metals — they  amounted  in  1882,  to  $71,374,120. 
There  is  a National  mint,  but  as  the  gold  coined  is  almost  immediately  exi»ortecl  but 
little  of  it  is  seen  in  circulation;  there  is  a paper  money  of  National  ai:d  other  bank 
notes  amounting  to  over  $40,000,000. 


14 


Silver.  CHILI. 


No. 

rKRIOI) 
OR  SECTION. 

1 COIN. 

PINE. 

WEIGHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

]. 

IVsos  of  iS  IUmIs. 

!'(U 

116 

37S 

,7s 

2, 

J do 

!K.2 

210 

100 

.30 

Sre  1 einarks  uii 

20  Centavo. 

‘too. 

72 

64 

.13 

•1. 

(iolil  paj'o. 

1-1  Pesos. 

!HMI 

26 

2.") 

.0.'. 

5. 

I do 

000 

210 

1 SO 

.30 

(). 

i <lo 

OOO 

-I.') 

40 

.08 

7. 

:i  do 

!'00 

102 

i>2 

•10 

s. 

A Pesos  of  1 Real. 

!>0G 

4.‘) 

41 

.OS 

;i. 

Peso. 

006 

422 

.3S1 

•7l> 

10. 

1 do  ' 

000 

03 

S3 

./o 

11. 

10  Centavo. 

000 

36 

32 

.061 

12. 

.*)  do. 

000 

IS 

16 

M 

J.’) 


CHILI,  s A.  Silver.  A'.  , 


\(] 

COLOMBIA,  U.  S.  OF  s A Gold.  VI. . 


Gold.  REPUBLIC  OF  COLOMBIA,  S.  A. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  j 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Goi.o. 

VALUE. 

1. 

The.se  coins  l>car  the  iiaines 

Doubloon. 

870 

416 

361 

l.),53 

•) 

“ I50GOTA”  and  “POPA- 

do 

870 

416 

361 

15.53 

;s. 

Y.-VN,”  which  are  the 

A do  or  Escinlc. 

860 

48 

40 

1.72 

-t. 

mints  where  they  are 

1 <lo 

870 

207 

180 

7.74 

D. 

coined. 

1-16  do  or  Peso. 

872 

24 

20 

.86 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  COI..UMB1A,  a Il(  public  of  Souili 
America,  including  a large  i)ortion  of  what  was  once  New  Granada,  consisting  of 
nine  Slates:— Antkxiuia,  Bolivar,  Boyaca,  Cauca,  Cundinamarca,  JIagdalena,  Pana- 
ma, Santander,  and  Tolima.  Area,  320,7:53  stpiare  miles;  population,  3,000,000. 
Its  extensive  forests  contain  mahogany,  cedar,  fustic  and  other  dye-woods  and  medic- 
inal i)lants.  The  mineral  productions  are  gold,  silver,  idalinum,  copper,  iron,  lead, 
coal  and  precious  stones.  It  grows  tobacco,  codec,  cocoa,  plantinc,  banana.s,  vege- 
table ivory  and  indigo;  also  wheat  and  olhcrcereals.  The  catlleofits  plainsyield  large 
(piantilies  of  lodes  and  “jerked”  beef.  Chief  exports-  cinchona,  tobacco,  colVee, 
hides,  caoutchouc,  straw  hats,  dye-woods  and  the  precious  metals,  amounting  in 
18H:5,  to  $i7,02.'),000.  Nearly  all  the  gold  in  the  country  is  exi)orled;  none  has  been 
in  circulation  for  years  j)asl.  In  1SH:5,  there  was  exitorted,  in  goldand  silver  coin  and 
bars,  $2,400,083.  In  December  of  that  year  the  circulation  of  bank  bills  was  $1,0!IT.- 
830,  and  silver  coin  of  50  cents  each,  at  a discount  of  25  to  ‘28  per  cent,  below  Ameri- 
can gold. 


47 


COLOMBIA,  U.  S.  oFs  A 


Silver.  , 


Silver.  REPUBLIC  OF  COLUMBIA,  S.  A. 


PERIOD 

COIN. 

WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

Xo. 

OR  SECTION. 

FINE. 

OF 

PURE 

VALUE. 

Coin. 

Silver 

1. 

The  Indian  Head  marks 

Pesto  of  8 Reals. 

913 

415 

378 

.78 

2. 

the  coins  of  New  Granada 

Peso  of  8 Reals. 

66.5 

360 

239 

.49 

3. 

and  Cundinainarca.  Tiie 

i do  of  4 do 

880 

177 

155 

.32 

4. 

Pomgraiiate  on  tlie  reverse 

1-16  Peso. 

850 

20 

17 

.03i 

5. 

is  tlie  arms  of  Granada  in 

i Peso,  2 Reals. 

850 

89 

76 

.16 

6. 

Spain. 

i do  1 do 

850 

35 

29 

.06 

•18 


rtnlrt  ECUADOR 

I No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

PTNE. 

WKioHr 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gol.n. 

VALUE. 

1. 

2. 

5. 

4. 

There  has  been  little  or  no  Doabloon.  8(iS 

?old  coined  by  this  Reiniblic  i do  S'jd 

daring  the  last  eighteen  i do  8^0 

4 do  800  ol 

years.  ® 

3;  4 Iti.ou 

87  3.74 

1S2  7.83 

44  l.l'O 

KCUAIH)!?,  Republic  of  South  A.uerien  on  its  western 
the  cuator,  from  which  it  is  named.  Area  24.S.:JTC  s.i-  nules  ; populatton 
Extensive  iorests  and  the  cinc-hona  tree  plentiful.  Chief  products,  cocoa,  ve,a-tah le 
ivory,  nuts,  cotton,  cotlee.  india-rubh...-,  orehilla  we.-d,  straw  hats,  hark  yarns  - 
;,aeco  fruits,  sarsaparilla,  wheat,  etc.  Minerals: 

and  emeralds,  all  products  form  its  exports,  amounting  m 1SS.5  to  ?.,lft3  h4.,, 
of  which  cocoa  represented  ^>4, 5:10.1541.  E(  ua.lor  is  divided  into  .1  department.  .- 
Qidto,  Guaya.piil,  A/.uay.  and  hi  provinces,  including  ‘•Oriente.  I he  finances  are 

ill  ix  ptiitii  ot  chronic  deficit. 


•11> 


ECUADOR,  s.  A Silver  VII 


ECUADOR,  S.  A. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jriNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GKAINhl 
PURE  1 

Silver | 

VALUE. 

1. 

These  Coins  were  made 

One  Sucre. 

‘.too 

3Sl 

343 

.71 

2. 

at  tlie  Private  Mint  of 

1-10 

do 

000 

38 

34 

.07 

3. 

Heaton  <fe  Sons,  Ilirming- 

i 

do 

000 

103 

173 

,3C 

4.  ^ ham,  England. 

1-5 

do 

!K)0 

77 

CO 

.14 

50 


ECUADOR.  A S 


Silver.  VII.  , 


No. 

TERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

YAH 

1. 

Peso. 

902 

405 

S(i5 

.76 

2, 

The  money  of  this  country 

do 

of  8 Reals. 

898 

405 

3G4 

.76 

.3. 

fluctuates  greatly.  The 

i do 

or  1 do 

CGG 

49 

33 

.07 

■4. 

name  of  the  Capitol,  Quito, 

1 do 

or  2 do 

CGG 

79 

53 

.11 

where  the  mint  is,  will  be 

1 do 

or  4 do 

GS2 

202 

1.38 

.2S 

6. 

found  on  all  coins. 

Peso, 

orS  Eranc  Piece  900 

38G 

317 

7. 

Maouquiiio  Peso  of  4 Reals.  900 

,3.)9 

278 

.58 

51 


GUATEMALA,  Gold.  Vlll. 


Goid.  GUATEMALA. 


I No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

1 FINE. 

1 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi,d. 

VALU 

1. 

The  most  populous  of 

(Quadruple. 

825 

417 

344 

$14.80 

2. 

the  Central  American 

i do 

875 

206 

180 

7.74 

.3- 

Piepublics. 

i do 

800 

48 

38 

1.64 

■1. 

4 do 

800 

48 

38 

1.61 

•5. 

Gold  coinage  very  un- 

1-lt)  do 

855 

26 

22 

.91 

certain  as  to  lineness. 

4 do 

850 

104 

88 

3.79 

Silver.  VllI 


GUATEMALA; 


^.vpesP 


Gu.vrHO«EAli;s 


Piiblislied  by  A.  M.  Smith, 
Post  Office  Pox  754, 
Philadelphia.  Pa.,  U.  S.  A 


ATao 


Guatp;mala.  Silver.  Xo.  1.  Peso.  .SSG  givs.  weight,  :?47  j^rs.  imre,  72  ots.  Xo.s. 
2iiiul  8.  Ileal,  Oit  cts.  Xo.  4.  2 Heals,  18  cts.  Nos.  5 and  t>.  4 Heals,  8(i  cts.  All 
these  are  !»00  line  and  i)roi)orti(»nate  in  weight  with  the  Peso.  No.  7.  Kio  line,  210 
grs.  weight,  172  grs.  pure,  81  cts. 


GUATEMALA,  the  most  northern  and  jtopulous  of  the  Heitublics  ofCenInil 
Ameiiea.  It  eoin])rises  nineteen  departments.  Total  area,  44,800  square  miles; 
luipulation  (1872),  1, 107,0.")4.  The  principal  exports  are  coeldneal,  indigo,  sugar, 
mahogany,  sarsaparilla,  tobacco,  fruits  and  collee  (the  cotlee  cro])  of  18h4  exceeded 
42,000,000  pounds),  amounting  to  .88,710,240. 


53 


GUATEMALA,  a.  Silver  A III.  ^ 


Post  Office  Box  764, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A. 


1. 

The  early  Silver  of  this 

Peso,  or 

Dollar. 

!'00 

381) 

347 

.72 

2. 

Country  varies  consider. 

do 

do 

000 

386 

347 

.72 

ably. 

1 Dollar 

or  1 ! 

Reals. 

900 

103 

173 

.36 

4. 

1 do 

8 

d) 

80.') 

416 

372 

.77 

.*. 

5 do 

4 

.1 ) 

002 

207 

186 

.38 

li. 

1 Pv.-al. 

000 

53 

47 

.00 

4 . 

} d ) 

13 

8. 

i Dollar 

,2Ri 

L'als. 

007 

127 

111 

.23 

54 


I 


HONDURAS, 


SUver.  VIIH. 


TIoxdttras,  most 
central  of  the  C.  A. 
Kepublics, — 58,168  sq 
miles  ; 876,  410  popula- 
tion ; Heveiiue,  1882, 
81 ,120,000 ; exwnditure 
about  tlie  same.  Debt, 
$.31,000,000.  Exports 
about  $1,30.5.000;  one 
Railway;  products,  ina- 
lioffany,  fruit  cattle,  sn- 
par,  tobacco,  coffee,  in- 
digo, ind  ia-rubber, 
bides,  skins,  Siirsajta- 
rilla.  cedar,  fustic, rose 
and  Lima  wood.  Min- 
eral wealth  is  preat. 
Ciipittil,  Tegueigalapa. 


Tiik  Coixs  ok  IIoxnrn.As  axd  Uuuoitay  liere  represented,  are  the  Peso 
and  Half  Peso,  all  900  tine,  .38'.i  grains  weiglit,  317  grains  pure,  woi-th  72  cts.  f.»r 
the  Peso,  and  the  Half  Peso  in  proportion. 


URUGUAY. 


Silver.  A'lIH. 


T’nuorAY,  a Repub- 
lic of  South  America. 
72,151  sq.  miles,  about 
500,000  pop.  Rev.  1883, 
was  nearly  $10,000,000; 
exi)enditures,  siime  . 
Debt,$62,(MtO,000.  Pa- 
per money  imcurrent  in 
commerce.  Capital, 
^lontevideo.  500 miles 
ofH.R.  KxiK)rts,1882, 
$22  229.-512.  Thegrains 
are  cultivated  ; the  ex- 
])orts  :ire  wool,  hides, 
horn,  hair  and  tallow. 
Gold  mines  exist. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtKJHT 

OF 

Coin. 

OKAl.Nb 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Republic. 

Bolivar  or  10  Reals. 

900 

385 

346 

.72 

O 

do 

do 

do 

900 

385 

346 

.72 

3. 

do 

i 

do 

835 

192 

160 

.33 

4. 

do 

1-5  do 

do 

835 

77 

64 

.13 

5. 

do 

1-10  do 

do 

835 

38 

32 

.06) 

VE^^1^ZU1^LA,  a llepublic,  llie  most  northerly  of  South  America,  formed 
after  the  dissolution  of  the  old  republic  of  Columbia,  dates  from  the  constitution  ot 
18(!4.  Area,  403,270  square  miles;  population  (1881),  2,0T5,24o.  It  consists  of  20 
Slates,  besides  the  Federal  district.  The  chief  exports  are  coflee,  cocoa,  cotton, 
sugar,  tobacco,  indigo,  bark,  hides,  tallow,  dye-woods,  timber  and  metalic  ores. 
Revenue  (1883),  $5,801,000;  expenditures,  $.5,320,405;  public  debt,  $21,010,000 
(payment  of  interest  on  which  was  resumed  in  1875).  Imports  (1882),  $14,800,000; 
e.xporis,  $15,300,000.  There  is  no  mint  in  this  country,  the  coins  are  struck  abroad. 
There  are  two  banks  in  Caracas  (the  capital),  the  “Commercial  Bank,”  and  tlie 
“Bank  of  Caracas;”  the  first  with  a pajicr  circulation  of  1,000,000  bolivars,  and  the 
second  with  a like  issue  of  1,300,000  bolivars.  United  States  and  English  gold,  and 
Spanish  American  doubloons  are  the  foreign  coins  here  in  circulation.  The  foreign 
debt  of  Venezuela,  which  had  grown  to  over  $54,000,000  in  1875,  when  interest  pay- 
ments were  resumed,  was  “consolidated”  into  4 per  cent,  bonds  in  1881. 


Gold. 


MEXICO. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

fine;. 

WEIGHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALU 

1. 

Empire. 

Doubloon. 

868 

420 

313 

$1\62 

•> 

Empire. 

Doubloon. 

870 

420 

363 

15.62 

3. 

Republic. 

Doubloon. 

870 

420 

363 

15.62 

4 

Republic. 

Doubloon. 

872 

420 

364 

15.66 

5. 

Republic. 

i Doubloon. 

868 

103 

88 

3.78 

6. 

Republic. 

ii  Doubloon. 

868 

52 

44 

1.89 

7. 

Republic. 

1-16  Doubloon. 

86ii 

26 

22 

.94 

8. 

Republic. 

i Doubloon. 

873 

209 

182 

8.83 

9. 

Republic. 

10  Pesos. 

875 

261 

228 

$9.83 

10. 

Republic. 

6 Pesos. 

875 

130 

114 

4.91 

11. 

Republic. 

2i  Pesos. 

875 

(55 

57 

2.45 

3IKX1CO,  a Republic  of  Norili  Aineiiea,  on  llie  soutbein  boundary  of  the 
I'niu-d  Slates,  comprising  27  Slates,  1 Federal  Division  (Mexico),  and  one  Territory- 
(Lower  California).  Area,  7.51,598  square  miles;  population  9,787,629.  All  tropical 
fruits  abound.  The  Northern  States  are  tilled  with  vast  herds  of  cattle  and  sheeji; 
medicinal  plants  and  spices  are  abundant  and  in  great  variety;  the  mahogany,  rose- 
wood, ebony  and  caoutchouc  trees  are  in  its  forests;  the  mines  yield  gold,  silver, 
iron,  copper,  lead,  tin,  quicksilver,  alunr,  and  jirecious  stones.  Chief  exports:  gold 
and  silver  in  coin,  bullion  and  jdale,  drugs,  sugar,  flour,  indigo,  timber,  tobaceo. 
cotTee  and  hides,  amounting  annually  to  $40,87.5,000.  Finances  are  controlled  by 
the  Mexican  National  Bank. 

VENEZUELA,  s a.  SUver.  XII.  . 


MEXICO.  N A 


Gold. 


IX. 


04 


;>H 


Silver.  MEXICO. 


Xo. 

I’EUIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS  1 
PURE 

Silver | 

VALLE. 

1. 

Republic. 

Dollar. 

•J05 

•11.5 

373 

.77 

»> 

Republic. 

Dollar. 

!)02 

•115 

373 

.77 

3. 

Republic. 

Dollar. 

,S98 

•123 

3.«0 

.7!' 

•1 

Republic. 

J Real,  or  .3  cents. 

900 

11 

12 

.02 

5. 

Rej)ublic. 

Dollar. 

896 

418 

373 

.77 

6. 

Empire. 

Dime,or  lOeentavos  81Mi 

40 

36 

.07 

7. 

Maximilian, 

4 Dollar. 

90;) 

190 

171 

..35 

8 

do 

Dollar 

900 

387 

348 

.71 

I 

{ 


i 


.>9 


GU 


Silver.  MEXICO. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

PINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PL*RE 

SlEVER 

VALUE. 

1. 

.Aiii'iistine  1,  (Iturbide.) 

Dollar,  8 Reals 

902 

417 

.‘i75 

.78 

2. 

Augustine  I. 

i Dollar,  4 Reals. 

902 

208 

188 

.38 

3. 

Augustine  I. 

Dollar. 

902 

417 

375 

.78 

4. 

Republic. 

i Real.  1 

902 

26 

23 

.05 

5. 

Augustine  I. 

J Dollar,  or  Real. 

902 

52 

47 

.09 

6. 

Augustine  I. 

i Dollar,  2 Rea's. 

902 

104 

94 

.19 

7^ 

Republic. 

i Dollar,  Real. 

902 

52 

47 

.09 

8. 

do 

J Dollar,  4 Reals. 

902 

208 

188 

.38 

9. 

do 

Dollar. 

902 

417 

375 

.78 

10. 

Augustine  I. 

A Dollar,  or  Real. 

902 

52 

47 

.09 

62 


Gold.  NEW  GRENADA.  • 


No. 

1 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1 Dobloun,  16  Pesos.  870  417 

2.  See  remarks  on  Silver.  4 1I9  2 do  867  58 

6.  1-16  do  1 do  867  26 

Silver.  NEW  GRANADA. 

364  1.5.67 

.50  2.15 

23  .99 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

PINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

vault:. 

1. 


Peso,  or  Piaster,  8 Reals. 


do 


do 


In  1822,  New  riranada,  with  V^cn- 
czula,  threw  off  the  Spanish  au-  ^ R<**^1 
thorily  and  became  part  ol  the  1 Real 
5.  Kepublic  of  Columbia,  cutting  off  1 Real 
from  that  connection  in  1831,  but  ^ do 
- continuing  until  1836  to  use  the  Deciraos,  2 Reals, 
„ name  on  its  coins.  The  mints  at  r>  r*  li-v  t»  i 

8.  ..  Peso  of  10  Reals. 

liogota  and Popayan usually  stamp  _ ^ , .v  . 

9-  ih,  In  f„ii  Peso,  8 Reals  De  Plata. 

the  name  in  full  on  the  coins.  ’ 

10.  Peso 

NEW  GRENADA, 


672 

362 

243 

.50 

907 

420 

.381 

.79 

901 

420 

378 

.78 

900 

11 

10 

.02 

900 

40 

36 

.07 

900 

20 

18 

.0.35 

900 

i 1 

69 

.14 

900 

398 

3.58 

.74 

900 

398 

358 

.74 

900 

386 

347 

.59 

Silver. 

X. 

->4 


Xkw  Gukxada.  Silver.  This  new  coinage  corresponds,  in  weiglit,  fineness 
and  vidue  with  like  coins  de.scribed  above. 


G.-} 


N.  GRENADA 


Gold  and  Silver.  X. 


LEI  '^V 

OCHO  M 
DlNEROSjj^<>j' 


*«rt;ai,3 


IlKALES 


/^16TrtS5^T~0 


' DOS  ' 
DECIMOS 


U 1 li  X ^ 
BKALES,^ 


: riv 

PESO 


ATao 


C4 


PERU, 


Republic 


Silver. 


No. 


rr.Rioi) 

OR  sr.CTION. 

Republic. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

ilo 

do 


()n/.a  or  Doblou. 
do  do 

do  do 

On /.a. 
y ilo 
,}  do 
1-lt)  do 

PERU. 


870 

410 

362 

cc 

870 

378 

320 

14.16 

870 

416 

362 

l."),58 

870 

51 

41 

1.00 

870 

208 

ISI 

7.79 

870 

103 

1)0 

3..S7 

870 

26 

22 

.9.') 

1 

wEicur 

grains! 

COIN. 

PIN  I”. 

OK 

PURE  ' 

V.\LU 

1 

Coin. 

SlI.VER 

5 Pesetas. 

900 

385 

346 

72 

Peso,  8 Reals. 

900 

369 

332 

.69 

do  do 

900 

416 

.374 

.78 

One  Sol. 

900 

385 

346 

.72 

2 Reals. 

900 

104 

93 

.19 

1-.')  Sol. 

900 

77 

69 

.14 

4 Reals. 

900 

184 

1(>5 

..34 

\ Real. 

900 

26 

23 

.04 

65 


PERU,  Silver.  XI. 


4 


r,r, 


SUver.  PERU. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION, 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GKAINb 
1 PURE 
Sn.VKR 

VALU 

1. 

This  country  revolted  Iroin 

Real. 

074 

50 

33 

.07 

•> 

Spain  1821,  and  coined  its 

2 Real. 

674 

101 

07 

.14 

.3. 

first  dollar  1822.  Spain  con 

Peso  of  8 Reals. 

906 

420 

362 

.75 

4. 

tinned  to  issue  money  for 

Peso,  restruck  by  Spain 

903 

420 

361 

.75 

5. 

Peru  until  1824,  which  some 

i Real. 

574 

19 

11 

.02 

ti. 

times  causes  confusion,  some 

Real. 

907 

44 

40 

.08 

7. 

of  the  coins  being  restampeil. 

Peso. 

902 

428 

387 

.80 

8. 

In  183(5,  the  Republic  di 

J Peso. 

900 

200 

ISO 

.37 

9. 

vided  into  N.  and  S.  Peru. 

1-32  I’eso. 

899 

12 

10 

.02 

10. 

A'or  marks  the  X.  Sud  the  S. 

Peso. 

903 

420 

361 

.75 

PERU,  an  imi)ortant  niariiiuic  llepublic  of  South  America,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Area,  41G,45)3  square  miles;  population  3,374,000.  Its  valleys  are  very 
fertile,  and  the  mountains  rich  in  minerals;  silver,  quicksilver,  and  copper  being 
most  plentiful.  Its  medicinal  productions  are  of  great  value:  cinchona,  sarsaparilla, 
copaiba,  etc.  The  llunnillos,  Guanape,  ^lacabi  Islands,  Pabillonde  Pica  and  Lobos 
supply  Europe  with  guano;  cotton,  sugar,  gnij)es  and  olives  are  largely  raised. 
Silver  is  produced  to  the  amount  of  3 to  4 millions  dollars  annually.  Exports  from 
latest  official  report  (1879),  $31,000,000,  consisting  of  guano,  nitrate  of  soda,  sheep 
and  alpaca  wool,  sugar,  silver  and  cinchona.  'Ware  and  revolutions  have  destroyed 
its  finances;  the  expenditure  is  always  in  advance  of  the  revenue.  In  1879  the  public 
debt  was  over  241  millions,  and  interest  on  the  foreign  debt  in  default. 


07 


-AuS  REAL 
B-A- 


reales 
4;i  i^-A- 1 


^R2S 


^b  ii  Q 


Jfl3* 


1A)>1 1^. 


^Sanla-eru; 


Qm0 


3S5B 


(J8 


HAWII,  SANDWICH  ISLANDS. 


XII. 


These  Coins  conform 
with  the  United  States 
Silver  Money. 


One  Dollar. 
Half  do 
One  Dime. 
Quarter  Dollar. 


IIAWAUAN  A rich  and  beautiful  cliam  of  islands, 

situate t thfxorth  iLiflc  Ocean  (consisting  of  13  islands.  S of  wli.c  . arc  inhabited), 
Jomhirthe  kingdom  of  Hawaii.  United  area,  7.C28  square  nidcs;  population, 
about  5“’  000  They  are  admirably  situated  for  trade,  being  m the  route  from 
“uinl.  Id  iu  wcrc’:.i,„oa  by  U.e  «»•»;;  -- 

Ex,„r.s  0882).  W »T4..m  consislmg  im,. 

oorts,  $8,300,000.  llevenue,  1.  <80,080,  expcnUitures,  !?-,  ia»,  ,i  , j 

495.  In  1883,  silver  half-dollars  were  coined  for  this  governmeul  m d 

States  to  the  amount  of  $300,000;  this  was  done  under 
“Snrcckers  contract.”  Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  gold  in  the  countrj  is  of  L . b. 

The  amount  of  government  (and  only)  paper  currency  outstanding  at  close  of  8 • , 
!vas  $S,000,  and  this  currency  is  issued  only  on  and  to  the  extent  o.  com  deposits 
kept  in  the  treasury  for  its  specitic  redemption. 


1.  Ciiuirter  dollar,  25  cents,  Nos.  2 and  3,  Ten  cents, 
(all  tUeS'a.y  if  ailvir, »‘"b''»"l  ;■» 

^ Liukulv  is  an  inilependent  1 ‘dmb  ic  ^ founded  in 

Colored  Eniigrants  front  the  L lilted  ^ ffr.V  i^  “ 

1820  by  The  aVnierican  Colonuatu  n . 2sorth  Guineti  Udweeii 

uepitbhc  -^OO  miles  e.xteiiding  inwards  an  average 

the  rivers  San  I tdio  .uul  irvoorts-  colTee,  sugar,  ginger,  iKiliii- 

Town,  >Ionrovia. 


AUSTRIA.  HUNGARY  AND  RAGUSA 


Gold. 


XIII. 


Gold. 


No. 


3. 

4 

o. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


Francis  Joseph  I. 

do  do 
Ferdinand  I. 
Maria  Theresa. 
Ferdinand  1. 


AUSTRIA. 


COIN. 


FINE. 


WEIGHT  GRAINS 


8 Florins 
4 do 

Souverain  d’Or 
do  do 


hOO 

000 

000 

OOO 


Quadrujde  Ducat.  086 


OF 

Coin. 

1 PURE 
1 Goi.n. 

VALUE. 

00 

80 

$3.83 

40 

44 

1 SO 

174 

156 

6.71 

174 

150 

0.71 

215 

212 

0.12 

AUSTRIA. 


Gold 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION’. 

COIN’. 

FINTL 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS  1 
PVKE  ' 

Golt). 

VALUE.  ^ 

1. 

Francis  I. 

Dncat. 

9 6 

53} 

53 

2.26 

Francis  11. 

Pacat.  Hungarv. 

53 

52i 

2.24 

3. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Ducat. 

9$r 

53 

52i 

2.24 

4. 

Charles  VI. 

Ducat. 

9>7 

53 

52} 

2.24 

3. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Ducat. 

53 

52} 

6. 

Of  Saliburg. 

Ducat. 

9^7 

53 

52} 

7. 

do 

Ducat. 

55 

52} 

2.24 

S. 

Francis  I. 

Dncat. 

i*?7 

53 

52} 

2.24 

9. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Ducat. 

9?7 

53 

52} 

2.24 

10. 

Joseph  II. 

Ducat. 

9>7 

53 

52} 

2.24 

11. 

Charles  VI. 

Ducat,  Hunsary. 

987 

53 

V>1 

a 

12. 

Of  Montfon. 

Ducat. 

9^7 

53 

-♦ 

2.24 

13. 

Of  Saliibnrg. 

Ducat. 

9>7 

53 

52} 

2.24 

U. 

do 

Ducat. 

9$r 

53 

52} 

AUSTRIA,  called  since  1^*}7  the  Ausirio-Hungnmn  ^Monarchy.  246.954 
square  miles  of  area;  39,196,494  popalation.  Exports,  ^>76,000,000.  Il  possesses 
great  mineral  riches  of  gokL  silver,  copper,  iron,  quicksilver,  lead,  tin,  zinc  and  coal. 
Principal  exports,  dried  fruits,  cereals,  roots,  animal  products,  textiles,  leather  goods, 
■wood,  glass  and  earthenware,  Iterd'ware,  machinery,  tools,  beer,  matches  and  small 
sondries.  The  imperial  royal  principal  mint  is  at  Vienna,  the  capitaL  Tlie  Empire 
is  divided  into  the  Austrian  State  and  the  Hungarian  State,  each  having  its  own  Par- 
liament, Ministry  and  Administration.  The  lands  of  the  Austrian  Crown  are  Lower 
and  Upper  Austria.  Salzburg,  Styria,  Carinthia.  Carniola,  Coast-Districts,  (Gorz, 
Istiia,  Gradisca,  and  Trieste),  the  Tyrol  and  Vorarlberg.  Bohemia,  Moravia,  Silesia, 
Galicia,  Bukowiiu  and  Dalmatia.  The  Hungarian  Crown  holds — Hungary,  Tran- 
sylvania, Fiume,  Croatia,  and  Salvonia.  .Vs  a wine  producing  country  Austria  is 
second  only  to  France,  the  value  of  this  produc  t being  annually  in  .Vu.itria  ^2.000,000, 
and  in  Hungary  i^>5,000,000.  The  Gross  Revenue  in  188tJ—S4  was  $^'!S4,400,170. 
Expenditures,  $406,872,690.  Deficit  (chronic)  $23,472,520.  Amount  of  Public  debt, 
Jan.  18S4,  was  $2,2t>2.141.085.  December  3lst,  1SS3,  the  amount  of  specie  in  the 
Austro-Hungarian  Bank  was,  in  Gold,  77,»S^2,053  Florin.s  ($:j0,917,457);  in  Silver 
121,696.815  Florins,  ($4-^.435.332).  Paper  circulation  (Dec.  31,  1<^)  State  notes 
350,951,770  Florins,  ($l:)9,67S.804);  .V us: ro- Hungarian  Bank  notes  380,457,420 
Florins,  ($151,4>2.a5-3). 


71 


AUSTRIA-  HUNGARY  AND  RAGVSA.  Gkild.  XIII.  , 


Gold.  AUSTRIA. 


No.  j 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  ! 

1 1 

FINE. 

VVEIGlir 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Charles  VI. 

Ducat. 

987 

52 

2.23 

2. 

Ferdinand  I. 

Sovereign. 

900 

175 

158V 

6.80 

3. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Ducat,  Hungary. 

987 

53 

52 

2.23 

4. 

do 

Double  Ducat,  do 

97() 

no 

107 

4.60 

5. 

Church,  1771. 

do  do 

976 

107 

104 

4.47 

6. 

Maria  Theresa. 

do  do 

990 

107 

lOli 

4.55 

7. 

do 

Ducat. 

987 

53 

52 

2.23 

8. 

do 

do 

988 

53 

52 

2.23 

9. 

do 

do  Austria. 

971 

54 

52 

2.23 

10. 

Francis  II. 

Double  Ducat. 

987 

107 

10.5J 

4. .58 

1 

do 

f Sovereign  d’Or. 

900 

85 

7(> 

3.27 

( 2 do  d >. 

916 

171 

157 

8.75 

12. 

Ferdinand  I. 

Ducat. 

987 

54 

52V 

2.25 

13. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Sovereign. 

900 

175 

158i 

6.80 

74 


Silver.  AUSTRIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAI.NS  1 
PURE 

ISlLVER  ' 

VALUE. 

I. 

Fraui-is  Juse{ih  J. 

Double  Veriens  Thaler. 

!*00 

570 

513 

1.07 

2. 

do 

2 Florins. 

900 

381 

343 

.71 

3. 

do 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

257 

..53 

4. 

do 

Zwanziger,  20  Kreuzers.  583 

103 

tiO 

.12 

5. 

do 

10  New  Kreuzer. 

500 

30 

15 

.03 

6. 

do 

1 I'lnrin. 

520 

82 

42 

.08 

7. 

do 

1 do 

900 

285 

257 

.53 

K. 

do 

1 <lo 

900 

285 

257 

.53 

9. 

do 

5 New  Kreuzer. 

375 

20 

•T 

.031 

10. 

do 

20  Kreuzers. 

583 

103 

00 

.12 

fi,  KJ/.^ 


KSAICZAR 

VJ.868>S<i 


.186  7 


1»S7 

'•'ViM 


mim 


Silver.  AUSTRIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

c6in. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

Gi^AlNS 

PURE 

Sii.vr.R 

VALUE. 

1. 

Francis  I. 

Si>ecie  Thaler. 

8.-U 

405 

337 

.70 

2. 

Leopold  I. 

8 Marc  of  Lorraine. 

910 

428 

389 

.81 

3. 

Joseph  II. 

Scudo  of  Milan. 

896 

320 

286 

.60 

•1. 

Maria  Therese. 

Scudo  of  Milan. 

896 

320 

286 

.60 

5. 

Francis  I. 

i Lira  Lombardy- Venice.  900 

33 

29 

.06 

6. 

do 

1 Lira  Lombardy- Venice.  906 

67 

60 

.12 

7. 

do 

i Ecu  or  Florin. 

901 

200 

180 

.37 

8. 

Francis  II. 

30  Soldi. 

684 

115 

78 

.16 

7H 


Silver.  AUSTRIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEICHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlI.VF.R 

VALUE. 

1. 

Eraiicis  II. 

Crown 

874 

4r>/i 

388 

.81 

2. 

Of  Siilsburj;. 

do 

874 

4-5o 

388 

.81 

3. 

Maria  Theresa 

10  Krcutzer. 

500 

GO 

30 

.OGI 

4. 

OfGurk. 

Crown. 

850 

383 

325 

.07 

T). 

Of  Olmuti!. 

do 

850 

383 

325 

.67 

6. 

Francis  II. 

i Crown. 

873 

114 

1(X) 

.22 

7‘J 


6 


80 

Silver.  AUSTRIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

\ 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Francis  I. 

Specie  Crown. 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

2. 

Maria  Theresa. 

do 

833 

4.33 

360 

.75 

3. 

Cliurch  Piece. 

Dueaton. 

833 

325 

271 

.77 

4. 

F'erdinand  I. 

Specie  Crown. 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

5. 

do 

20  Kreutzer. 

583 

103 

59 

.12 

(». 

do 

do 

583 

103 

59 

.12 

7. 

do 

Gulden. 

OOO 

190 

171 

.35 

8. 

do 

10  Kreutzer. 

496 

51 

25 

.05 

81 

AUSTRIA  , HUNGARY  AND  RAGUSA.  Silver,  xm.  , 


o 


Silver 


AUSTRIA 


WEIGHT  GRAINS 

No. 

PERIOD 

COIN. 

FINE. 

OF  1 PURE 

VALUE. 

OR  SECTION. 

Coin.  | Silver 

1. 

Church  Piece. 

Ducaton. 

900 

401 

301 

.7o 

0 

Maria  Theresa. 

do 

833 

433 

360 

./  0 

3. 

Francis  I. 

Crown. 

808 

4.66 

393 

.82 

4. 

Leopold  II. 

do 

868 

4.54 

392 

.81 

Ferdinand  1. 

3 K rentier 

343 

20 

9 

.02 

6. 

Francis  II. 

5 do 

440 

34 

14 

.03 

7. 

Joseph  II. 

i Crown. 

866 

228 

194 

.40 

8. 

Francis  Joseph  I. 

6 Kreutzer. 

437 

43 

18 

.034 

83 


AUSTRIA.  HUNGARY  AND  KAGUSA.  SilV6r.  Xlir. 


I 


.'I 


Silver.  AUSTRIA.  Hungary. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WLIOHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Maria  Theresa. 

Crown. 

83’. 

433 

360 

.75 

0^ 

do 

do 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

3. 

do 

Specie  Crown. 

833 

440 

36.'> 

.7*3 

4. 

do 

i 

do 

833 

21(5 

170 

.37 

5. 

llo 

do 

838 

216 

179 

..37 

6. 

do 

Convention  do 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

1 

J 


I 


i 


•] 


Silver. 


BELGIUM. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVKIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Leo|)olJ  I. 

5 Francs. 

900 

386 

347 

.72 

2. 

do 

do 

900 

386 

347 

.72 

3. 

do 

2J  do 

900 

193 

173 

.36 

4. 

do 

i do 

900 

19 

17 

.03  i 

5. 

do 

20  Centimes. 

900 

15 

13 

.021 

G. 

do 

i Franc. 

900 

39 

35 

.07 

7, 

I.eopold  11. 

2 do 

900 

386 

347 

.72 

8. 

I.eopold  I. 

2V  do 

903 

193 

170 

.36 

9. 

do 

1 do 

900 

78 

70 

.14 

10. 

Leopold  1 1. 

5 do 

900 

386 

347 

.72 

BELGIUM. 


Gold. 


XIV 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jlTNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

I. 

Leopold  I. 

40  Francs. 

900 

199 

179 

$7.70 

2. 

do 

20  do 

900 

99 

89 

3.83 

3. 

do 

10  do 

900 

49 

44 

1.90 

4. 

do 

25  do 

900 

122 

120 

5.16 

5. 

do 

20  do 

900 

99 

44 

l.!»0 

ji  Kingdom  of  Ccntnil  Europe,  divided  into  nine  provinces,  viz: 
Antwerp,  Bnibunt,  West  Flanders,  East  Flanders,  Ilainault,  Liege,  Limburg,  Lux- 
emburg and  Namur.  Total  area,  1 1,:173  stpiare  miles.  Population,  5,585,846.  llich 
in  agricultural  products,  copper,  zinc,  lead,  iron  and  coal.  E.\i)orts,  amounting  to 
8()5,3T4,150,  consist  of  llax,  linen,  3'arns,  woollens,  cottons,  sugar,  paper,  firearms, 
glass,  lace,  and  the  metals  manufactured  and  crude. 


87 


BELGIUM.  SUver.  XIV.  , 


-it, 

iti 

• -wt 

0m 

Gold.  DENMARK. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gol.n. 

VALL 

1. 

Christian  VI I. 

Ducat. 

880 

59 

52 

2.23 

2. 

Christian  VIII. 

Christian  d’Or.  ' 

897 

102 

91 

3.91 

3. 

Christian  V 1 1. 

Specie  Ducat. 

979 

53 

52 

2.23 

4. 

Frederick  VI. 

Double  Frederick  d’Or  897 

205 

184 

7.92 

5. 

do 

1 do 

8!I0 

102 

911 

3.95 

6. 

Christian  VII. 

Christian  d’Or. 

900 

102 

92 

3.95 

7. 

Frederick  VI. 

Double  Frederick  d’Or  89.S 

205 

184 

7.92 

8. 

Frederick  V. 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

9. 

Christian  VI. 

J Christian  d’Or. 

900 

50 

45 

1.93 

10. 

do 

Ducat. 

9!>0 

53 

52 

2.23 

11. 

Frederick  VI. 

Double  Frederick  d’Or  8!»7 

205 

184 

7.92 

12. 

Christian  VIII. 

“ Christian  d’Or.  8fi7 

205 

184 

7.92 

13. 

Frederick  VI. 

1 Frederic  d’Or. 

897 

71 

04 

2.75 

PENM.VKIv,  a constitutional  Kingdom,  occupying  an  nlinost  insular  position 
between  tlie  North  bea  and  the  Baltic.  It  consists  of  I.  Denmark  Proper,  compris- 
ing the  islands  Zeeland,  Fuen,  Lolland,  etc.,  the  peninsula  of  .Jutland,  the  outlying 
island  of  Bornholm  in  the  Baltic,  and  Faroe  Isles;  II.  Greenland,  Iceland;  and  III, 
its  colonies  of  St.  Croix,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  .John  in  the  West  Indies.  The  total 
l)opulation  of  all  these  is  2,090,400,  and  the  entire  area  l.'),218.  Pnnluct.s,  wheal, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  cattle,  horses,  jrigs,  sheep  and  butler;  these  all  comprise 
its  chief  exports,  amounting  in  1883  to  over  5.1,000,000.  ^lost  of  the  trade  is  with 
Great  Britain.  Exports  of  gold  (1883),  $0,700,000;  circulation  officially  given 
March  11,  1884.  Gold  Coin,  8,000,000  crowns  ($804,000)  ; Silver,  11,000,000 
crowns  ($4,020,000)  ; Bank  Notes,  71,000,000  crowns  ($20,234,000). 


90 


Silver.  DENMARK. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Cliristian  IX. 

2 Rigs  Dollars. 

t'75 

448 

392 

.81 

o 

I-'rederick  VIE 

1 do  do 

875 

223 

195 

.40 

3. 

do 

2 do  do 

875 

448 

392 

.81 

■1. 

do 

4 Skillings. 

250 

28 

7 

.01 J 

5. 

do 

•i  Rigs  Dollar. 

875 

112 

98 

.20 

6. 

Christian  VIII. 

3 Skillings. 

218 

24 

6 

.OU 

7. 

Frederick  V 1 1. 

h Rigs  Dollar. 

500 

65 

32 

.061 

8. 

do 

Specie  Rigs  Dollar.  875 

448 

392 

.81 

9. 

Christiiin  IX. 

10  Ore. 

400 

22 

8 

.011 

10. 

do 

25  do 

600 

37 

22 

.041 

11. 

Frederick  IV.  1-24  Rigs  Dol.  for  Norway.  305 

44 

16 

.03 

12. 

Christian  IX. 

1 Kroner. 

900 

115 

104 

.21 

13. 

do 

2 do 

900 

231 

208 

.43 

'.•1 


1 

) 


!»•> 


saver.  DENMARK. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVElCiHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlI.V'ER 

VALl 

1. 

Frederick  VI. 

S])ecie  Kiffs  Dollar. 

88.') 

438 

308 

.83 

2 

do 

S do  do 

875 

2G7 

233 

.48 

3. 

do 

1 do  do 

875 

448 

302 

.81 

Freflerick  IV. 

12  Skillings. 

500 

65 

32 

.06 

5. 

Christian  VIII. 

J Rigs  Dollar. 

(J.S7 

04 

64 

.13 

6. 

Christian  V. 

1-24  Rigs  Dollar. 

400 

41 

15 

.03 

7. 

Christian  VII.  • 

Specie  Rigs  Dollar. 

875 

4.3.S 

3.S3 

.79 

8. 

do 

§ do  do 

875 

207 

233 

.48 

1 


E r 


U4 


SUver.  DENMARK. 


Xo. 

I’CKIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 
|SlLVER 

VALUE. 

1. 

I'rcderick  VI. 

4 Rigs  Dollar. 

875 

223 

195 

.40 

2. 

do 

do  do 

875 

003 

195 

.40 

3 

Christian  VII. 

24  Skillings. 

COO 

79 

48 

.10 

4. 

Christian  VUl, 

Rigs  Dollar. 

882 

224 

197 

.41 

5. 

Frederick  VI. 

.32  Skillings. 

688 

94 

65 

.13 

(i. 

do 

1-24  Rigs  Dollar. 

365 

44 

16 

.03 

7. 

do 

h do  do 

406 

79 

32 

.06 

8. 

do 

1-12  do  do 

460 

65 

30 

.06 

9. 

Christian  VII. 

4 do  do 

406 

79 

32 

.06 

10. 

Christian  V. 

8 Skillings. 

365 

44 

16 

.03 

11 


Christian  II.,  (1535.) 


1 Mark. 


Worth  a)>out  14  cents. 


1 


r 


;>5 


DENMARK. 


Silver.  XVI. 


IL. 


{}C> 


SUver.  DENMARK. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PL*R2 

Sii.vr.R 

V.\LUE. 

]. 

Frederick  V. 

1 Specie  Dollar. 

885 

438 

385 

.80 

O 

Christian  VII. 

“ (Sclilesn  Holstein)  885 

438 

3,85 

.,80 

3. 

do 

i “ Rigs  Dollar. 

875 

94 

82 

.17 

4. 

do 

Specie  Rigs  Dollar. 

874 

448 

38.3 

.79 

5. 

do  1-24  Rigs  Dollar,  8 Skilling.  4(M! 

44 

18 

.03 

do 

Specie  Dollar. 

875 

448 

383 

.79 

7^ 

do 

do  “ Norway.  875 

448 

383 

.79 

97 


DENMARK.  Silver.  XVI.  ^ 


98 


SUver.  DENMARK. 


i 

No.  1 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1.  (In  Commemoration  of  Suppressed  Treason  ) Thai  r. 

837 

337 

282 

.58 

2 

Fred’k  IV. 

Thaler  or  4 Marks. 

837 

337 

2S2 

.58 

3. 

Christian  VII. 

1-5  Specie  Thaler. 

750 

112 

84 

.17 

5. 

Fred’k  V. 

24  Skillings. 

700 

114 

79 

.16 

0. 

do 

Crown. 

833 

280 

233 

.48 

7, 

Christian  VIII. 

16  Skillings. 

Base. 

8. 

do 

4 do 

do 

9. 

Fred’k  V. 

Rigs  Dollar,  6 Marks 

830 

413 

342 

.71 

j 

(j 


100 


Gold.  FRANCE. 


1 

ITo. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  j 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.n. 

VALl 

1. 

Napoleon. 

43  Francs. 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

2. 

Charles  X. 

do 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

3. 

Louis  XV. 

Louis  d’Or. 

895 

125 

112 

4.82 

4. 

do 

do 

<100 

199 

179 

7.70 

5. 

Louis  XVI. 

do 

895 

125 

112 

4.82 

6. 

do 

Double  Louis  d’Or. 

8<15 

251 

225 

9.68 

7, 

Louis  Philippe. 

40  Fraiic.s. 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

8. 

Louis  XVIII. 

do 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

9. 

Louis  XV. 

Double  Louis  d’Or. 

90(i 

251 

227 

9.77 

10. 

do 

do 

8<15 

251 

22o 

9.68 

11. 

Louis  XIV. 

do 

895 

251 

22.5 

9.68 

12. 

do 

Louis  d’Or. 

901 

103 

93 

4.(8) 

FIJANCI'j,  a Republic;  the  most  westerly  State  of  Ceiitml  Eiiro])e;  circuinfer- 
euce  ab()ut  :5,(K)0  miles,  and  present  area  204,082  s(piarc  miles  ; in  1871  it  lost  5,li02 
scpiare  miles;  population  (1881),  :}T,(!72,048.  It  is  divided  into  87  departments, 
which  are  subdivided  into  302  “arrondisements, ” 2,805  “cantons,”  and  about  30,000 
“communes.”  The  vine  is  cultivated  to  a very  great  e.xtent,  and  tinest  wines  and 
brandies  are  made.  Agricultural  products:  vvheat,  barley,  rye,  maize,  oats,  potatoe.s, 
beet  roots  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar,  hops,  etc.  ^lineral  resource’s:  iron  is  found 
nearly  all  over  the  country;  copper,  lead,  silver,  antimony  and  coal,  also  e.xist.  The 
03'ster  fisheries  are  very  extensive.  Iin|)ortanl  manufactures  : metal  work,  watches, 
jewelry,  cabinet-work,  carving,  pottery,  glass,  chemicals,  dyeing,  paper  making, 
woollens,  carpets,  linen,  silk  and  lace.  Exports  in  1883  amounted  to  8752,215,000, 
and  consisted  mostly  of  woven  fabrics,  yarn,  thread,  wines  and  spirits,  animals, 
meat,  etc.,  and  objects  of  art.  The  ofiicial  reports  for  188:1,  to  December  31st,  show 
the  gold  and  silver  imports,  in  coin  and  bullion  for  that  year,  to  have  lieen  148,‘208,- 
885  francs  ($28,004,314.81),  and  exports  of  the  same,  2:15,870,881)  francs  ($4.5,524. - 
2:19. .58).  In  the  Bank  of  France  on  that  date  there  was,  gold,  $18.5,4:17,293.20;  and 
silver,  $193,440,055.09.  The  Hank  of  Fntnce  alone  can  issue  jujicr  currency,  and  it 
had  in  circulation  at  the  time  above  stated,  notes  to  the  amount  of  $508.727,40.8. 


101 


FRANCE.  Gold  XVII  , 


a 


102 


1 


Gold.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

ITNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
PL’ RE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Franc's  1 1. 

Francis  d'Or. 

948 

52 

49 

2.11 

l.miis  XV. 

i Lou  s d’Or. 

906 

94 

84 

3.66 

3. 

Louis  XIII. 

do 

906 

52 

47 

2.02 

4. 

Louis  XVIII. 

20  Francs. 

900 

100 

90 

3.87 

5. 

do 

do 

900 

100 

90 

3 87 

6. 

Charles  X. 

do 

900 

100 

90 

3.87 

7^ 

Louis  Phillippe. 

do 

900  . 

100 

90 

3.87 

8. 

Louis  XII 1. 

i Louis  d’Or. 

948 

52 

49 

2.11 

9. 

Louis  XV. 

Mirlilof. 

900 

100 

90 

3.87 

10. 

Bonaparte,  Consul. 

40  F rancs. 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

11. 

do  Einiieror. 

do 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

12. 

do  do 

20  do 

900 

100 

90 

3.87 

13. 

do  Consul. 

20  d.) 

900 

10) 

90 

3.87 

14. 

do  Emjreror. 

20  do 

900 

100 

90 

3.87 

15. 

Louis  Philipjre. 

20  do 

900 

■ 100 

90 

3.S7 

i 


I 


FRANCs.WwlS 

km^.7V> 

^1«  XV^  ^ 


(j;  FRANCS. 


I francs 


(HHANCSi 


FRAVCS 

* A . 

L IS3I  ih 


»4NA2><^ 


r 20  ^ 

francs 

tv  , 1 MS  ^ 


iFHANCS' 


FRANCE. 


i(t;5 


Gold.  XVII. 


104 


Silver.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GKAI.N^ 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Republic. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

2. 

Napoleon  III. 

20  Centimes. 

900 

15 

13 

.03 

3. 

Republic. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

3.50 

.72 

4. 

Louis  Phillippe. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

350 

72 

5; 

Republic. 

2 Francs. 

900 

154 

138 

.28 

C>. 

Republic. 

50  Centimes. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

7. 

Napoleon  III. 

50  Centimes. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

8. 

Napoleon  III. 

2 Franc“. 

900 

154 

138 

.28 

9. 

Republic. 

1 Franc. 

900 

77 

69 

.14 

10. 

Napoleon  III. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

11. 

. Napoleon  111. 

50  Centimes. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

12. 

Napoleon  III. 

1 Franc. 

900 

i 7 

69 

.14 

13. 

Napoleon  111. 

20  Ce”times. 

900 

15 

13 

.03 

10') 


FRANCE 


Silver,  xvii 


CENT 

kiflw. 


ifcia^JsSg 


I'TIAXCS 

^..ia7()  5' 


francs 

7«50  A 


fso^ 

CKKX 

jaiu 


.'MRKM 


hirr£ 


50  ClvXT 
u i»u8  .. 


l 2 0 CEN-l 
>088  . 


I 


'I 

I 

) 


lOo 

Silver 


FRANCE 


No. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


COIN. 


WtlGH  1' 

GRAINS 

FINE. 

OF 

Coin. 

PURE 

Silver 

VALl’E. 

1. 

2 

X 

i. 


o. 

(). 

7. 

8. 


Republic. 

5 Francs. 

iiOJ 

385 

340 

.71 

do 

5 do 

900 

385 

34(1 

.71 

I.ouis  Pliillippe. 

5 do 

900 

385 

34(5 

.71 

Louis  Napoleon. 

o do 

900 

385 

346 

.71 

Vari(d. 

} and  } Francs. 

900 

38  & 19 

34  A 17 

.07  .03J 

Repub'ic. 

1-5  Franc. 

900 

15 

13 

.03 

Louis  Pliillippe. 

i do 

900 

19 

17 

.0.3i 

do 

2 do 

900 

154 

138 

.28 

Silver.  FRANCE,  cochix  china. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVtIGHT 

OF 

Cjin. 

GRAINS 
: PURE 
SlL\Ti:R 

VALUE. 

1. 

Republic. 

50  Cents. 

900 

210 

189 

..39 

O 

do 

20  do 

900 

84 

75 

.15 

3. 

do 

10  do 

900 

42 

37 

.07 

107 


FRANCE. 


Silver,  XVII.  ^ 


FRANCE 


lOS 


Silver. 


1 

No.  j 

PKIUOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtIGH  r 
OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlI.VER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Eouis  XVIII. 

5 Francs. 

904 

38fi 

350 

.72 

2. 

I.ouis  Phillippe. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

.•? 

Louis  XVIII. 

i Franc. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

4. 

Louis  XVIll. 

1 Franc. 

904 

i i 

69 

.14 

Churles  X. 

i Franc. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

6. 

Napoleon,  First  Consul.  2 Francs.  Republic,  900 

1.54 

138 

.28 

7^ 

Napoleon,  Eni|)cror. 

2 Francs,  Empire. 

900 

154 

138 

.28 

8. 

Napoleon,  Emperor. 

1 Franc,  Fmipire. 

904 

77 

69 

.14 

9. 

Louis  NHL 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

3.50 

.72 

10. 

Charles  X. 

5 Francs. 

904 

386 

3.50 

.72 

109 


FRANCE.  Silver.  XVIT.  ^ 


[yvn^ 


Silver.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Sn.VF.R 

VALUE. 

1. 

Napoleou,  Kuiperor. 

5 Francs,  Rej>ublic. 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

2. 

Republic, 

5 Francs, 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

3. 

Napoleon,  First  Consul. 

1 Franc. 

904 

19 

17 

04 

4. 

Republic. 

6 Li  res. 

903 

4.')2 

406 

.84 

5. 

Napoleon,  First  Consul. 

i Franc. 

904 

38 

34 

.07 

6. 

Napoleon. 

1 do 

904 

77 

69 

.14 

7. 

Napoleon,  Emperor. 

i do  Republic. 

904 

38 

34 

.07 

8. 

Napoleon. 

1 do  do 

904 

77 

69 

.14 

9. 

Napoleon. 

6 Francs,  Empire. 

904 

386 

.359 

.72 

10. 

Napoleon,  First  Consul. 

5 Francs,  Republic. 

904 

386 

350 

.72 

11. 

Napoleon,  Emperor. 

1 Franc, ‘Republic. 

904 

19 

17 

.04 

Ill 


FRANCE 


Silver.  XVTT 


^!.^/T.CT?TO7- 


) vS  IX 

'LIN  RES 


FRANCS 


IflFUAXCS 


S'"?^0'RA]Vt 


, FRANC, 


p 'Francs; 

& — — 


FRANCS#Si 


foKrvu-TA 

|F«ANci|j 


.fc  'ilfrBANC, 


Silver.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

ISiLVER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Euuis  XIV. 

Ecu  of  Flanders. 

854 

575 

490 

1.01 

2, 

do  Constitutionnelle. 

Ecu. 

903 

453 

409 

.81 

3. 

do 

do 

900 

45.3 

411 

.85 

4. 

Constitutionnelle. 

30  Sols. 

663 

156 

103 

.21 

5. 

Louis  Pliillippe. 

1 Franc. 

900 

77 

69 

.14 

6. 

Republic. 

2 Francs. 

900 

154 

1.38 

.28 

7. 

do 

1 Franc. 

900 

77 

69 

.14 

s. 

Constitutionnelle. 

1.5  Sols. 

603 

77 

51 

.10 

FJUNCJ 

K i 


I ml”” 


aMVRASCS 
.'ikjA,  IS'19  f^S. 


'-<  rtT>i»»»^ 


^Af^, 


Cam  t BE  i.\ 

LrBCDTE. 


FRANCE. 


lu; 


Silver.  XVTT. 


114 


Silver.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Loui.s  XIV. 

Ecu,  I'lnnilers. 

858 

575 

492 

1.02 

2. 

do 

<lo  Navarre. 

910 

418 

378 

.78 

.'5. 

do 

1 Ecu. 

910 

104 

93 

.19 

4. 

do 

i “ with  3 Crowns  913 

235 

211 

.44 

5. 

Napoleon,  Emperor. 

1 I'ranc. 

900 

19 

17 

.03 

6. 

Loui.s  XIII. 

Ecu  Plane. 

913 

418 

378 

.78 

7. 

Louis  XIV. 

do  do 

913 

418 

378 

.78 

115 


FRANCE. 


Silver.  XVII, 


’o^  4*  Sjf^. 


.^***1 


'‘‘‘•tintiiinut 








Published  by  A.  M.  SMiTiiVP*., 
754,  ’ '''-YA 

^.o>'  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  a '''-! 


‘'•tlliiiillM' 


116 


SUver.  FRANCE. 


No. 

PHRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEKiHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Sm.vfr 

VALUE. 

1. 

Touis  XV. 

Eeu. 

!)13 

473 

432 

.90 

2. 

do 

<lo 

910 

361 

327 

.68 

3. 

Louis  XVI, 

•JOth  Ecu. 

906 

23 

20 

.04 

4. 

Napoleon,  Emperor. 

5 Francs. 

900 

388 

346 

72 

r; 

Louis  XVI. 

1 Ecu. 

906 

226 

204 

.42 

6. 

Louis  XV. 

Ecu. 

906 

4.'.3 

408 

.85 

7. 

do 

do 

906 

433 

408 

,85 

I 


i 


M;  ■ 


>'^{\0  # S/ 


;FR.\NC 


7,(>  I ' mm 
HOy 

0:  ' 


Gold. 


GERMANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

I.ieclitenstcin. 

Dueat. 

9.70 

53 

50 

2.15 

•> 

IIes.se  Ca.s.sel. 

Double  Pistole. 

891 

205 

182 

7.83 

3. 

Lieehten.steiii. 

Ducat. 

950 

53 

50 

2.15 

4. 

Hesse  Ca.ssel. 

Pistole. 

891 

102 

90 

3.87 

5. 

Saxony. 

Pistole,  or  V.  Thaler. 

898 

102 

91 

3.91 

G. 

Hesse  Cas.sel.  2 Williams  <l’Or,  or  X Thaler.  902 

20G 

186 

2.19 

7. 

Saxony. 

Pistole,  or  V.  Thaler. 

898 

102 

91 

3.91 

«. 

Nassau. 

Ducdt. 

950 

5.5 

51 

8.00 

9. 

IIes.se  Casscl. 

William  d’Or,  or  V.  Tln.ler,  S99 

102 

91 

.3.91 

10. 

do  do  Wni.  IX. 

5 Thaler. 

892 

103 

91 

3.91 

11. 

Brunswick. 

William  d’Or,  or  .X  Thaler.  899 

206 

185 

7.96 

12. 

lles.se  Cassel. 

7 Thaler. 

892 

103 

91 

3.91 

13. 

Brunswick,  Charles  I 

V.  Thaler. 

902 

102 

92 

3.95 

Till'j  OKK.MAN  K3Il*lliK.  Tliis  large  Empire  of  Central  Euro])e  is  con- 
federated by  Constitution  of  10th  April,  1871,  under  the  Kingof  I’russia,  bearing  the 
title  of  German  Emperor.  It  consists  of  20  States:  1.  Prussia;  2.  Bavaria;  3.  Sax- 
ony; 4.  Wurtemburg;  T).  Baden;  0.  Ile.sse;  7.  Jlecklcnburg-Schwerin;  8.  Saxe- 
Weimar;  9.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz;  10.  Oldeiiberg;  11.  Brunswick;  12.  Saxe-Mein- 
ingcn;  13.  Saxe-Altenbcrg;  14.  Saxe-Coburg  and  Gotha;  1.7.  Anhalt;  10.  Scliwarz- 
burg  Budolstadt;  17.  Schwarz-Sondershauseii;  18.  Waldeck;  19.  Reuse  (elder  line); 
20.  Reuss  (younger  line);  21.  Schaumburg  Lipjte;  22.  Lii>pe;  23.  l.ubeck;  24. 
Bremen;  2.7.  Hamburg;  20.  Alsitce-Lorraine.  Total  area,  210,101  stjuare  miles; 
total  ])opulation,  47,234,001.  In  1883  the  exports  amounted  to  8833,874,305.  The 
export  of  g(dd  for  the  same  year,  was  $8,811,931;  of  silver,  $4,020,304.  An  exclu- 
sive gold  currenc}"  was  adopted  by  law  of  December  4th,  1871.  Chief  exports: 
woven  fabrics,  clothing,  colonial  ware,  animals  and  food.  In  1879,  heavy  additions 
were  made  to  the  tariff  on  imitorted  goods,  and  Germany  has  returned  to  an  extreme 
protective  system.  Details  are  given  under  headings  of  the  different  States. 


IH) 


r 


GERMANY. 


LEICHF-NSTEIN.  HESSE-CASSET. 
SAXONY.  NASSAU.  BRUNSWICK. 


Gold. 


XVII 1.  1 


o.THLVI£U 
S.^7«9  ^ 


TllXLEK 

1838  •> 


.tSaler 


! THALER 

1837 


’ w /SSWh*' 


D1T('A.T‘ 

18O9 


HTHALER 

1854 


f-a.K.h 


l7E<)t 


i-,  t) 


i 

i 


I 

I 


Silver.  GERMANY. 


1. 

Sax-Wcimar. 

2 Thalers,  34  Guldens. 

900 

573 

515 

1.07 

2. 

Saxe-Altenburg. 

do  do 

900 

573 

515 

1.07 

3. 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

Ecu. 

573 

433 

248 

.51 

4. 

do  do 

4 Ecu. 

573 

216 

124 

.25 

5. 

do  do 

20  Kreutzer. 

582 

103 

59 

.12 

6. 

Saxe-Weiniar. 

4 Rix  Thaler. 

833 

432 

359 

.74 

7. 

■ Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

2 Groschen. 

Value  about 

7 centa. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

ITNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

121 


r 


GERMANY. 


SAXF.-WKIMAR.  SAXK-AI.TENBURG, 
SAXK-COBURC;-GUTHA 


Silver. 


XVTTI.  2 


/ 


122 


Silver.  GERMANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Schwarzburg-Rudolstudt. 

Specie  Thaler. 

833 

440 

366 

.76 

2. 

llohenzollern-Sigmaringen. 

2 Gulden. 

900 

338 

304 

.63 

3. 

Sch  warsbu  rg-  Rudolstad  t. 

i Specie  Thaler 

833 

216 

181 

.37 

4. 

IIohenzollern-Hechingen. 

Ecu,  Convention. 

834 

440 

367 

.76 

5. 

Schwarzbiirg-Rudolstadt. 

Specie  Thaler. 

833 

440 

366 

.76 

6. 

do  do 

2 Gulden. 

900 

338 

304 

.63 

12£ 


GERMANY. 


SCHWARZBURG— RUDOI.STADT 
HOHENZOU.ERN— SIGMARINGEX. 
HECHINGEN. 


SUver.  XVIII. 


3 


/ 


Silver.  GERMANY,  amialt 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

j COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

S:i.\'KR 

VALUE. 

I. 

Heinrich  Herzog. 

2 Thalers  or  .'ti  (!ii  Idea 

900 

57*1 

515 

1.07 

2^ 

I.eojjold  Frederick. 

do  do 

900 

57.3 

515 

1.07 

;t. 

do  do 

do  do 

900 

oT.'l 

515 

1.07 

4. 

.Vlexander  Frederick. 

Thaler. 

900 

286 

257 

.oJ 

do  do 

1-12  Thaler. 

520 

42 

22 

.04  i 

)>. 

do  do 

Florin. 

99() 

202 

201 

.41 

7. 

Convention. 

Florin. 

990 

202 

201 

.41 

Ducliy  of  Aulialt,  a j)art  of  Ci*ntnil  Cicrmany,  in  two  principal  i>ortions, 
suiToundcd  by  Prussian  Saxony.  Area,  907  square  miles;  population  232,592. 
Rudget  1884-85,  $4,713,900. 


1 2 ■) 


EINI 

182: 


^^RZo  A> 


\\v.  H zo;^ 


^'?GROSCH-i2 
i#.FEIX  SILBER,%; 
.1796- 


ANHALT. 


SUver.  XVIII. 


GERMANY. 


:<i 


W^9 


Js 


^ SEGEN 
^ DESAISTIiVLT  g 


'A  BERGBAEE8 


J 


126 


Silver.  GERMANY,  “aden. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ludwig. 

Zehner,  10  Kreutzers. 

500 

44 

22 

.04 

2. 

Leoj)old. 

2 Tlialers,or3i  Gulden.  900 

580 

522 

1.09 

3. 

Frederick. 

Thaler,  of  IJ  do 

900 

285 

267 

.55 

4. 

Ludwig. 

5 Kreutzers. 

333 

20 

7 

.ou 

5. 

Frederick. 

i Gulden. 

itOO 

81 

73 

.15 

6. 

do 

1 do 

<•00 

163 

146 

.30 

7. 

do 

2 do 

900 

327 

294 

.61 

8. 

do 

Thaler,  IJ  Gulden. 

900 

285 

256 

A3 

9. 

do 

3 Kreutzers. 

333 

20 

7 

.Oli 

Grand  I>nc*hy  of  liadeii,  a stale  of  the  Geniian  Empire,  situate  in  the 
south-western  part,  the  Rhine  forming  its  southern  and  western  boundarj-,  separa- 
ting it  from  Alsace  and  Switzerland.  It  is  divided  into  eleven  districts  or  circles: 
Baden,  Carlsruhe,  Constance,  Freiburg,  Heidelhurg,  Liirrach,  idannheim,  ^losbach, 
Offcnhurg,  Villingen,  and  AValdshut.  Area,  5,824  square  miles;  population  (1880), 
1,570,254.  Chief  produce:  corn,  wine,  fruit,  potatoes,  tobacco,  hemp,  hops  and 
chicory.  Timber  is  e.xtensively  grown;  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  etc.,  receive  great  at- 
tention. Manufiictures:  cigars,  cotton  and  silk  stuffs,  straw  hats,  brushes,  trinkets, 
clocks,  chemicals  and  machinery,  all  of  which  are  e.xported.  Revenue  (1884-a5), 
$10,201,8:50. 


127 


GERMANY,  baden.  Silver.  XVIII.  5 


128 


SUver.  GERMANY.  BADEN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

1 COIN.  j 

FINE. 

WEKJHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Leopold. 

2 Gulden. 

900 

328 

296 

.61 

2. 

Ludwig. 

1 do 

752 

196 

147 

.31 

.3. 

do 

2 do 

757 

386 

291 

.60 

4. 

I.eo])old. 

Crown  Thaler. 

875 

458 

401 

.83 

5. 

Ludwig. 

Thaler ot'KlO  Kreutzer. 

877 

282 

247 

.51 

6. 

do 

Crow  n Thaler. 

870 

•15G 

398 

.83 

129 


l.W 


SUver.  GERMANY.  EADEV. 


No. 

I’KRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

jSlLVF.R 

VALUE. 

i. 

Charles  Louis  F ederick. 

Crown  Thaler. 

870 

455 

396 

.82 

2. 

Leopold. 

do 

876 

4.54 

397 

.82 

3. 

do 

do 

876 

454 

397 

.82 

4. 

Charles  Frederick. 

do 

833 

441 

367 

.76 

5. 

do 

20  Kreutzers. 

583 

103 

59 

.12 

6. 

do 

do 

583 

103 

59 

.12 

t . 

Leopold. 

A Ciuldeu. 

900 

82 

73 

.15 

i 


i;n 


GERMANY,  baden.  Silver.  XVIII.  7 


KRONEN 

TlL\LER 


i s IT 


^ ZIJ 
JnRER 
VOELKKR 
llEIL 
\ 1R56  g 


fpB*o; 


gulden 

,1845 


tj  13 

w 

M 

\^.  1 

\ 


soy  a 


132 


Gold.  GERMANY,  bavaru 


No. 

PF.RIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALU 

1. 

Ludwig  I. 

Ducat. 

986 

54 

53 

2.28 

2. 

Ludwig  I. 

Ducat. 

937 

53 

49 

2.11 

3. 

do 

do 

937 

53 

49 

2.11 

4. 

Maximilian 

Joseph. 

Ducat. 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

5. 

Ducat  of  Nuremberg.  979 

53 

51 

2.19 

0. 

i do  do 

979 

27 

20 

1.11 

7. 

Maximilian 

Joseph. 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

8. 

Ducat  of  Worms. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

9. 

Old  Ducat  of  Nuremberg. 

979 

54 

52 

2.23 

10. 

Ciuwiiu.  St.  Marc  of  Bavaria  771 

150 

115 

4.95 

11. 

Carolin  of  Palatina. 

771 

150 

115 

4.95 

12. 

Double  Ducat  of  Nuremberg  979 

107 

104 

4.47 

13. 

Ducat  of  Nuremberg. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

Hiivaria,  the  second  kingdom  in  size  and  population  of  the  German  Em|)ire, 
divided  into  two  unequal  parts,  the  eastern  jjortion  comprising  eleven-twelfths  of 
the  whole;  the  western  i)arl  forming  the  Palatinate  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Hhinc. 
Bavaria  is  divided  into  eight  circles  (Upper  Bavaria,  Lower  Bavaria,  Palatinate, 
Upper  Palatinate,  Upper,  ^liddle  and  Lower  Franconia,  and  Swabia).  Area  of  all, 
29,292  square  miles,  population  (18S0),  5,284,778.  One-third  of  the  country  is  in 
forest.  The  soil  is  highly  productive.  Lower  Franconia  and  the  Palatinate  pro- 
duce fine  wines;  hops  are  largely  grown.  Minenils  : salt,  coal,  iron,  copper,  pyrites 
and  manganese.  Brewing  of  beer  here  attains  great  perfection.  Exports  are  tim- 
ber, grain,  wine,  hops,  beer,  leather,  glas.s,  jewelry,  etc.  Budget  (1884),  $.50,01.5,- 
040. 


y 


134 


Silver.  GERMANY,  bavarta 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

EINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Emlwig  E T 

wo  Gulden  or  Eloriii. 

900 

318 

286 

.59 

2. 

do 

Crown  Thaler. 

874 

455 

,397 

.82 

3. 

do 

Coninieraorative  Coin.  900 

318 

286 

.59 

+. 

do 

0 Krenzer. 

4.38 

35 

15 

.03 

5. 

do 

i Gulden. 

900 

81 

73 

.15 

6. 

do 

1 do 

900 

179 

161 

.33 

135 


iSSit- 


'^5!go/7iinnpcrpi£S»' 


SsGl'lUEIt 


ml  ^ 


«-l  / _ -^>.^' 


ERHAITT 

1855 


I82>^ 


I 


i 


i;36 


Silver.  GERMANY,  havaria 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

Pt’RE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Liulwig  I. 

6 Coimiieniorative  Coin.' 

. ti70 

4.30 

374 

.78 

2. 

Francis  V. 

10 

KreuEer. 

580 

CO 

35 

.07 

3. 

Carl  Albert. 

30 

do 

87H 

110 

9C 

.20 

4. 

Joseph  II. 

Nuremberg  Ducat. 

970 

3oo 

347 

.72 

4 


137 


y 


f'- 


GERMANY 


BAVARIA. 

NUREMBERG 


Silver. 


XVIII.  10 


1852 


LAXDT.Ui 

. 1«34  i 


^^BlsVv/^ 


pissfiTm 


1»53 


4&E_L£l2' 


NURNBEBa' 

«<«<-  SR-  _ 


Silver.  GERMANY,  bavaru 


No, 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAi.Nj 

PL'RE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Mu.vimiliau  Jose]>h. 

Crown  Thaler. 

8ir 

458 

370 

.77 

2. 

Ecu  du  Palatinat. 

990 

40) 

396 

.83 

3. 

Ecu  of  the  Convention.  833 

438 

364 

.73 

•4. 

Maximilian  Joseph.  Ecu  Charte. 

833 

435 

303 

.73 

5. 

Carl  Theodore. 

12  Kmizer. 

533 

00 

32 

.00  i 

6. 

Maximilian  Joseph.  Ecu  of  the  Convention.  833 

435 

363 

.75 

I 

) 


1 


NO 


Silver.  GERMANY,  bavaria 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 
SlEVER 

VALl 

1. 

Christiiui  IV. 

PIcu  liavaria. 

833 

440 

366 

.76 

2, 

Ma.xiuilian  Joseph. 

do 

833 

440 

366 

.76 

3. 

Carlos  Theodorus. 

4 do 

833 

220 

183 

.42 

4. 

Ludwig  I. 

2 Tlialer,  or  34  Gulden.  899 

572 

513 

1.07 

0. 

Francis  Ludwig. 

1 Ecu. 

800 

DO 

5« 

.18 

141 


GERMANY 


Silver 


XVII  r.  12 


BAVARIA 


RKK/niTKT  V.  K<)  V|(; 
xirnu’iu  I ^ 
I83!». 


<842 


CULDEX 

2 

.THALER 


iKIXE  FEflVE^I 

alvrk  xp 

nos  M/J 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Bremen- 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

j COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRA1.«S 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

3 Thaler,  or  4S  Groten. 

752 

267 

200 

.41 

0 

i do  or  3t>  do 

lOG 

135 

122 

.25 

3. 

The  small  coins  of  this 

2 Grote. 

4. 

Free  City  are  remarkable 

4 do 

5. 

for  their  baseness  as  com- 

C do 

6. 

|)are<l  with  those  of  other 

5 Thaler,  or  4S  Groten. 

750 

26.7 

199 

.41 

7, 

nations.  Tliey  are  not 

I do 

7.70 

343 

257 

.5  1 

8. 

current  outside  of  tlie  city. 

It  Thaler,  or  12  Groten 

737 

50 

44 

.0.1 

9. 

Purity  and  value  cannot 

1-12  Thaler,  or  C Groten.  739 

30 

23 

.041 

10. 

he  {fiven  in  many  ca.ses. 

1 Groten. 

Base. 

1’. 

12  Groten. 

737 

50 

44 

.t»9 

12. 

3 Groten. 

737 

14 

10 

.02 

13. 

J Thaler,  or  24  Groten.  7.70 

134 

lOo 

.20 

lireineii  is  a “Hume  Town”  of  Nortliem  Germany,  situate  on  the  AVescr,  a 
free  and  confederate  Republic.  Area,  97  stjuare  mile.s;  population  l.'ie, 723;  revenue 
(1BS3),  $3,34.'),o00.  Bremen  carries  on  a very  e.xteusive  American  trade. 


N3 


GERMANY,  brkmen 


Silver.  XVITI.  13 


rn'R  y|(K' 
\ .mi.UlltlGRN 
.11  BKLKKIKR  .2 
DKK  HKFRIiU'SU  S 
. uErrsrnuvNDS/^ 
L.  1B03 


ZWKITES 
^ nKl'TSCHES 
W iirsiOEK- 
jg  SCHIKS80 


UROTE 

1864  < 

tiilSL.W  G,  > 


'^DElT; 


'/-l*B  ^ ^ 

EROFEXI  Nt'^r^: 
^FKlERpKR  XEIKN 
i€  BOUSE 
iUr  IS  BREMEN  , 
^4,  AM  S XOVEMB.  V 

. ISO**  ^ A 


.'t  T 

CKOTF. 


GROTE 
'S'^  1041 

11L15C- 


laUTE^f 

IHOO  ^ 


f’^GROTF/wif. 

{'%  laai 


I 


( 

[ 

1 


[ 


1 


144 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Brunswick. 


Ko. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtU^HT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

rURF. 

SlI.VFR 

VALUE. 

1. 

Wilhelm. 

2 Thaler,  or  3i  Gulden 

900 

572 

514 

1.07 

2. 

do 

1 

Groschen. 

220 

33 

8 

.01 J 

3. 

Charles. 

1 

-12  Thaler,  2 Groschen.  4.37 

51 

22 

.04 

4. 

Charles  Frederick. 

1-24  do 

30.') 

2(3 

09 

.02 

5. 

Nicliolas  Fredk.  Peter. 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

25(5 

.53 

6. 

Charles  Wni.  Frederick. 

ii 

Thaler. 

833 

293 

243 

.50 

V. 

fieorge  III. 

S do 

833 

2!>3 

243 

.50 

S. 

.John  Frederick. 

S do 

833 

293 

243 

..50 

Ducliy  of  Rrunswifk,  a state  of  Northern  Germany,  consisting 
cliietiy  of  three  detached  parts,  coinitrisiug  an  area  of  l,42i5  square  miles;  ]M)pulation 
349,429;  mo.stly  Saxon  and  Protestants.  Budget  in  1883,  $8,822,500. 


GERMANY.  BRUNSWICK.  Silver.  XVIII.  14 


I 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Brunswick. 


j No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

1 

1 COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

V.\LUE. 

1. 

Willielin. 

2 Thaler,  or  3i  Gulden. 

900 

572 

514 

1.07 

2. 

George  I V. 

■i  Thaler. 

900 

143 

128 

.26 

3. 

Wilhelm. 

i Thaler. 

750 

143 

107 

.22 

4. 

I’reclerick  William. 

i Specie  Thaler,  16Groschen.  837 

216 

180 

.37 

5. 

George. 

Specie  Thaler. 

896 

448 

403 

.84 

6. 

Charles. 

i Thaler. 

5(i2 

80 

45 

.09 

7. 

George 

St.  -Vndrew  T'>aler. 

889 

4'3 

401 

.83 

147 


GERMANY.  Brunswick. 


Silver.  XVIir.  15 


Gl’TK  ^ 
aCROSniEXp? 
182S. 


^ GVTE  ^ 
U GROSCH-S 

<^1809  0 


'h  viNK^  2 

^ 1808 


JjTMuJ 


•5.  M.C. 


1 

I 


I 

I 


L 


US 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Brunswick 


No, 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jwEKjnr 
FINE.  OF 
1 Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Convention. 

Thaler. 

333 

440 

367 

.76 

Charles. 

Florin. 

9!I3 

203 

199 

.41 

3. 

do 

Thaler. 

833 

440 

3d7 

.76 

•1. 

do 

3 Tlialer. 

833 

293 

243 

.50 

5. 

do 

3 do 

833 

293 

243 

6. 

George  III. 

3 do 

833 

293 

243 

.50 

w 


GERMANY.  Brunswick. 


14<) 

SUver.  XVTTI. 


Silver, 


GERMANY.  FRANKFORD-ON-THE-MAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  j FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

As  a ■'  Free  City”  Frank- 

3}  Gulden  or  2 Thaler 

897 

571 

511 

1.06 

2. 

fort  is  the  oldest  iix 

do  do  do 

900 

572 

515 

1.07 

3. 

(iennany.  Its  coinage  has 

do  do  do 

900 

572 

515 

1.07 

4. 

retained  the  same  charac- 

1 Gulden. 

900 

165 

148 

.31 

5. 

(eristics  for  many  years. 

6 Ratzen,  20  Kreutzer. 

Worth  about  ten  cents. 

6. 

Xo  Gold  has  been  coined 

6 do  20  do 

“ 

<< 

7. 

since  1796. 

6 Kreutzer. 

318 

42 

13 

.025 

8. 

i Gulden. 

899 

81 

72 

.15 

Silver. 


GERMANY . frank  FORT-ON-TH  F.-M  AIN. 


No. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


COIN. 


WtlUHT  GRAI.NS 


FINE. 


OF 

Coin. 


PURE 

Sn.VER 


VALUE. 


1. 

(.Jauauscheck.) 

Double  Thaler. 

900 

572 

515 

$1.07 

2. 

5 Gulden. 

900 

81 

73 

.15 

3. 

Gulden. 

900 

163 

147 

..30 

4. 

. Getleuk  Thaler. 

900 

285 

257 

.53 

5. 

(.lanauscheck.) 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

2.57 

.53 

1;)1 


GERIVTAN  Y.  KRANKFOKT-ON-TIIE-MAIS.  Silver.  XVlll. 


M j ()  0 

p\STlTCK^ 
EIXE  FEINE  ] 
o M;VR€K 


O'i  ''*' 

^ GITLDEK 


lTIIALER 


\ EINK  SIARR  FEI.V 


f ^ E'ROFFAryG 
BEll 

S T^EI:E.\  ]RUNZE 


-\T5REIXS 
MiiXZE 
0 1840  ^ 


SEPT.  1840 


rKUKI-ZEB 


FEIN''- 


GULDEN 
|r  J858  i 


152 

Silver. 


r 


GERMANY.  FRAN'KFORT-ON'-THE-MAIN'. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

1 COIN.  1 

1 1 

ITNE. 

WEIGHT 
OF  1 
Coin.  | 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Uisdiillur. 

8.13 

444 

371 

.77 

0 

do 

833 

444 

.371 

.77 

3. 

2 Gulden. 

900 

327 

29.) 

.1)1 

4. 

0 Kreuzer. 

333 

49 

13 

.021 

0. 

See  reuiiirks  on  other  page. 

3 Balzen,  10  Kreuzer. 

Worth  aheiit  five  cents. 

6. 

2 Gulden. 

899 

3.30 

297 

.02 

7. 

1 Kreuzer. 

320 

6 Worth  about  .091 

8. 

3 do 

333 

20 

0 

.011 

9. 

Vereins-Tlialer,  IJ  Gulden 

900 

280 

257 

.53 

10. 

6 Kreuzer. 

333 

40 

13 

.021 

1-).} 


GERM! ANY.  ^■KA^'KF0KT-0^'-T^iK-MAIN  Silver.  XVIII. 


V>  ,,00=»<>»0000,  ‘V 

» ..o’*  ■’’o. 


^OOOOOOOof 


5 SEINE  t’ElNE  |W 

MAKK 

vx  /ij 


STUCK 
5|einefei>'e1 
fV^IAUCK  / , 


^*^®oooooooo‘ 


•.imTirmrrrT., 


EINE  I'EINI’ 
^ MARK  ( 

j 


<ll5^ 


r^  EKZilKUZOGr 

JOIIAXX  %\ 
I VOX 
xOESTERKKICn 


G1JLI)EJ«  || 
! 1846 


IKllKl’ZEn^t 
1855  , 


^RCVZKI 

\jt  >88^ ; 


IKUZEn^^j 
J»j6  *.7 


iEDZEir 
1»5G  fji 


/as*! 


1 


Br- 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Hamburg. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

j COIN. 

FINE.j 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

(DRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE 

1. 

Charles  VI. 

Mark,  IG  Schillings. 

747 

163 

121 

.25 

2. 

August  Francis  I. 

Bank,  Specie  Thaler. 

806 

450 

.362 

.75 

3. 

August  Fraucis  II. 

2 Marks. 

754 

282 

212 

.44 

4. 

Joseph  II. 

do 

971 

219 

212 

.44 

5. 

Charles  VI. 

h Mark. 

562 

23 

13 

.02  i 

6. 

Ado'ph  W'dliam. 

1 Schilling. 

375 

16 

5 

.01 

7, 

Joseph  II. 

Mark. 

750 

141 

106 

.22 

8. 

do 

1 Schilling. 

11 

9. 

Wni.  George. 

1 Dreiling. 

8 

10. 

Fred’k  William. 

8 Schillings. 

625 

85 

53 

.11 

11. 

do 

4 do 

570 

50 

28 

.05 

llainbiir;;  is  one  of  the  “Ilnnse  Towns,”  a free  and  confederate  Republic,  in 
the  North  of  Germany  on  the  Elbe.  Area,  157  square  miles;  population  45:},8f>9. 
The  trade  here  is  heavy.  Imports  from  Great  Britain  to  Hamburg  in  1883  (exclu- 
ding bullion)  amounted  to  $113,077,500. 


■trj,7»/7/ 


\%'<sfiui.W4.V 


( smaLLTO 
\HAMB.CavaJ 
\l846>/ 


S CHTI.lt  .VGK  f 

ilAAnUTJUiEK  j 
COITIAAT  i 
k J808-  y# 


4 !)il«  ' 
stcHSLrx 
k 1609 . 


U S .K 


DREILIV 

Visse. . 


O II  II 


156 


HANOVEU. 


Gold.  GERMANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

I FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Fred’k  Will.aiu, 

Prussia. 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

‘2. 

George  III. 

Pistole. 

903 

103 

93 

4.00 

Earnst  .August. 

Ten  Thaler. 

895 

20C 

184 

7.92 

4. 

do 

do 

895 

205 

183 

7.88 

5. 

George  IV. 

do 

902 

207 

186 

8.04 

0. 

George  II. 

I''lor;n. 

784 

50 

39 

1.68 

7. 

Fred’k  William, 

Prussia. 

D’bl  Fred’k  d’Or. 

892 

206 

183 

7.88 

8. 

Frederick  I. 

Fred’k  d’Or. 

904 

103 

93 

4.O0 

9. 

George  IV'. 

2J  Thaler. 

895 

51 

45 

1.93 

10. 

W’illiam  IV. 

5 Thaler. 

SOo 

103 

92 

3.95 

11. 

George  III. 

Ducat. 

993 

53 

52 

2.23 

12. 

do 

George  d’Or. 

993 

53 

52 

2.23 

r 

i ** , 


i.'w 


GERMANY.  HANOVER.  Gold.  XVITT.  ,, 


i. 


158 

Silvrer. 


GERMANY. 


HANOVER. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

\ 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ernst  Au^'ust. 

Tlialer. 

7.30 

343 

257 

.53 

2 

do  do 

do 

7.33 

343 

258 

.53 

3. 

William  IV. 

do 

998 

257 

2.36 

..53 

4. 

do 

do 

993 

257 

256 

.53 

0. 

Ernst  August. 

1-12  Thaler. 

520 

42 

22 

.01 

6. 

George  III. 

3 Marien  Grosehen. 

500 

4.5 

22 

.04 

i « 

George  IV. 

1-24  Thaler. 

333 

30 

10 

.02 

8. 

do 

4 Thaler. 

500 

91 

4.3 

.09 

9. 

George  III. 

Florin,  12  Marien  Grosehen.  91)6 

101 

97 

.20 

159 


' V , ^ ?o 
K liAiv  thaler  I 

( sjjX 


MiVRIEN 

% ^^2^-  #\1 


VKI.V 


IGO 


Silver.  GERMANY,  hesse-cassei. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

^ COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

'Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

George  Wilhelm  I. 

Specie  Thaler. 

s.h) 

433 

302 

.75 

2. 

Wilhelm  II. 

Thaler. 

7.30 

340 

25.5 

.53 

3. 

I'red’k  Wilhelm  I. 

Vereins  Thaler. 

!»0() 

2So 

256 

.33 

4. 

do 

Silver  Groseheii. 

220 

33 

7 

.011 

0. 

do 

i Thaler. 

520 

82 

42 

.08 

c. 

Wilhelm  II. 

J do 

()28 

80 

56 

.11 

7. 

Frederick  II. 

i do 

7 oO 

80 

00 

.12 

8. 

Wilhelm  IX. 

Gulden. 

837 

210 

180 

.37 

9. 

do 

Thaler. 

880 

20.3 

201 

.54 

IGI 


GERMANY.  IlESSE-CASSEI..  Silver.  XVIII. 


/s  W> 


ottAss.;^ 


' EINKN 

hTHAIJEKf 

h;.is27,£; 


^ EIX 
THALER 

k \ 


bEINENt 
REK'HS 
THAL. , 


162 

Silver.  GERMANY,  hessecassel 


No. 

TERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WfcTGHT 

OF 

Cjin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Silver 

VALLX. 

1. 

Eretl’k  Wilhelm 

1. 

2 Thaler,  ,31  Gulden. 

!>(K) 

.372 

515 

1.07 

2. 

Wilhelm  IX. 

Specie  Thaler. 

837 

4.3.3 

.36.3 

.75 

3. 

Fred’k  Wilhelm 

II. 

i Silver  Groschen. 

Worth  about  .OOi 

4. 

do 

Thaler. 

74i» 

343 

257 

..33 

5. 

Frederick  II. 

do 

747 

3(12 

270 

.56 

6. 

Fred’k  ^\■ilhelm 

II. 

2 do  .31  Guhleii. 

IKK) 

580 

522 

1.08 

7. 

do 

Thaler,  Convention. 

837 

4.33 

363 

.75 

lG:i 


GERMANY 


HESSE-CASSKL. 


Silver.  XVlir, 


SIUIKR 
iMlSVHKS  J\IL 


rilALEH  V 


o \ 

K liULDEX  ^ 
18  40  M 


NVIl.// 


E I N ^ 
2 T n A L E R I 
18  38 


^AilA7. 


104 

Silver.  GERMANY,  hesse-darmstadt. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Philipp. 

2 Gulden. 

899 

324 

291 

.60 

2. 

Emlwig  II. 

1 do 

899 

1C3 

146 

.30 

3. 

do 

1 do 

900 

lt)2 

145 

..30 

4. 

Philipp. 

i do 

900 

81 

73 

.15 

0. 

Ludwig  I. 

Crown  Thaler. 

870 

4.57 

398 

.8.3 

6. 

Ludwig  II.  3i  Gulden,  or2Thaler. 

899 

572 

513 

1.07 

7. 

Ludwig  III. 

6 Kreuzer. 

333 

40 

13 

.02 

8. 

Ludwig  II. 

2 Gulden. 

899 

.324 

291 

.60 

Graiul  Duchy  of  Hesse,  a central  stale  in  the  west  of  Get  many,  comprising 
two  disconnected  territories,  nearly  ecpial  in  size.  To'.al  area,  2, 9()0  square  miles; 
population  (1880),  94C,:340.  The  southern  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Kh’ne,  and 
the  htain  forms  part  of  its  boundary.  The  land  is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated. 
Fruit  is  abundant  and  the  vine  nourishes.  Budget  (1882-8.4),  each  3'ear,  $4,:503,480. 


IGo 


GERMANY.  HESSE  DARMSTADT. 


Silver.  XVIir. 


Silver.  GERMANY,  i.ppf- 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
PUR  5 

Silver 

- 

VALUE. 

1. 

Paul  .\lex.  Leopold  I. 

2 Tlialers,  3J  Gulden. 

900 

572 

515 

!?1.07 

2. 

do 

Ris  Dollar. 

833 

444 

371 

.77 

3. 

do 

Ilase. 

4. 

do 

Vercins  Tlialer. 

900 

285 

257 

.53 

5. 

do 

Base. 

c. 

do 

do 

7. 

do 

do 

8. 

do 

do 

9. 

Oeorpe  William  I. 

Double  Thaler. 

900 

572 

515 

1.07 

10. 

do 

Thaler. 

747 

332 

270 

.56 

11. 

•\dolph  George  I. 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

2.57 

.53 

167 


GERMANY,  Silver.  XVIII. 


’ SILBER  ■* 
GIU)S«!HE.\ 
fv  l«6t 


xini  ^7j 

^ FT.VFZJg^S^ 

/•JAhuiijkr  * 
.^KGIEIU'XG 
^ 1857  • " 


5 6 

GROS 

K V 180»  / 

^ //®  ri.1T.17f) 


•^OPOt^ 


iM®  SILBER ; 


fgXARIEX  ?] 
CBOS  t^j 


- S11.BER  N- 
(iROSCHEN  I 

18  0 1 A,/ 

A 


V ELV  R'.TH.U.  V 


EINEFEINE 

^LVRK 

1S02 


(g).® 

ftfiw 

1G8 


Silver.  GERMANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GK.U.NS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE 

1. 

George  II. 

3 .Marks,  48 Shillings. 

750 

424 

318 

,*>(5 

O 

Joseph  II. 

do  do 

750 

424 

318 

,6G 

.3. 

I'red’k  William. 

2 Marks,  32  do 

748 

283 

211 

.44 

4. 

George  1 . 

1 do  16  do 

750 

141 

101 

.21 

5. 

George  II. 

do 

750 

141 

104 

.21 

6. 

George  I. 

o 

00 

625 

84 

52 

.11 

7. 

do 

i do  4 do 

562 

47 

26 

.05 

Ijiibeok,  a “ILinse  Town;”  a free  and  confederate  Republic  of  North  tfer- 
many,  situate  on  tlieTrave,  near  the  Haitic.  Area,  10!)  stinare  miles;  population 
63,570.  The  conunen-e  of  I.uheek  is  principally  with  Xorwaj',  Sweden  and  Russia. 
Budget  (1884),  $786,400. 


1G9 


GERMANY,  lukeck.  Silver.  XVI I r. 


170 


Silver.  GERMANY.  MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE.j 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Frederick. 

32  Schilling  Piece. 

T.oO 

2.83 

212 

.44 

O 

Fred’k  P'raiiz. 

S Thaler  or  F^lorin. 

7.53 

266 

202 

.42 

do 

Thaler. 

750 

343 

257 

..5.3 

4. 

do 

h do 

7.50 

<>7 

.50 

.10 

.■). 

do 

Thaler. 

7.50 

343 

2.57 

.5.3 

(i. 

do 

1 Schilling. 

.300 

16 

5 

.01 

7, 

Landes-Money. 

4 do 

500 

47  • 

2.3 

.04} 

s. 

Fred’k  P'ranz. 

2 do 

500 

.30 

15 

.03 

9. 

l.andes-Money. 

4 do 

500 

47 

23 

.04} 

10. 

P’rcd’k  Franz. 

1-12  Thaler. 

500 

37 

18 

.0.3i 

11. 

Frederick. 

8 Schilling 

625 

84 

52 

.11 

12. 

F’red'k  F’ranci.s. 

4 Schilling. 

500 

47 

23 

.04} 

1.3. 

do 

1 do  1-48  Thaler. 

208 

20 

4 

.00} 

Grand  Du<-liy  of  Mefkleiil)urjf-Scli\voriii,  a niaritinie  state  of 
Xortliern  Germany,  on  the  Jlaltic.  Area,  5,1:58  sciuare  miles;  i)opnlation 
570,827.  No  proper  Budget.  The  finances  are  very  flourishing.  ^lecklenhurg- 
Strelitz  consists  of  two  detached  jtiece.s,  separated  from  the  above.  Area,  1,101 
square  miles;  population  100,209.  No  Budget.  Finances  in  good  condition. 


171 


GERMANY,  mkcklkn’uurg.  Silver.  XViii. 


J taN, 
S(;h0jLixo 
roirRAAT 
>1R(  EXKXB 
« c*hwt-:bix 
\^rf^zp,  J 


SrillLLlNGEl 
(M)IJRANT 
MECKLr/MMRrT 
scnvv^Euix.  I 

\ MiiXZE  / 


scuiLnxdE 


'srinLiiixcJE  ^ 
COrK.\NT 
jrefioLEA'BrnGj 

V sca\vERi>''  y 
\ Mf.VZK  / 
\.  n«4  y 


9SCim*UN<»B  e 
'^K  1839  M 


rtSS]T.r; 


1<2  ^ 

EIMiT 

TiL\LER 

V i»i«  ^ 


COVRANT 

MECKLKXIi 

V MCNZfi y 


[ SCHlIllNGI 
)k(l830  V 


EINEIS 
thaeeb 
186  4j 


172 


Silver.  GERMANY.  Nassau. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

1 

1 COIN. 

jl-TNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 
1 Si  EVER 

VALUE. 

1. 

William. 

Crown  Thaler. 

873 

455 

397 

.83 

2. 

Adolph, 

2TliaIer,  or  3J  Gulden  9o0 

573 

515 

1.07 

3. 

William. 

Crown  Thaler. 

87J 

454 

397 

,S.‘5 

4. 

Adolph. 

2 Gulden. 

900 

327 

295 

.01 

5. 

Frederic. 

20  Kreu/.er. 

583 

103 

59 

.12 

6. 

Adoljdi. 

Gulden. 

900 

104 

147 

.30 

7 . 

do 

J do 

900 

81' 

73 

.15 

s. 

William. 

6 Kreuzer. 

325 

37 

12 

.02 

r 


173 

GERMANY.  Nassau.  Silver.  XV III. 


174 


Silver.  GERMANY,  sax-aiteni-.u-rg. 


No. 

PLIlI'JlJ 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WlilGHT 

OF 

C UN. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

I’a.il  1 3. 

Guilden,  or  2 Tlialer. 

900 

57J 

515 

1.07 

2. 

2 Gr.)te. 

Base. 

3. 

1 do 

Base. 

•1. 

Nichola.s  Frederick  Peter. 

Vereiii.s  Thaler. 

900 

285 

256 

.'3 

0. 

Paul  Frederich  August. 

Thaler. 

750 

343 

-57 

.53 

6. 

J ilo  24  Grote. 

625 

122 

76 

.15 

7, 

12  Grote. 

.500 

75 

P7 

.07 

3. 

4 Thaler. 

120 

75 

.15 

\K 

2J  Grosehen. 

4.30 

47 

-2 

.044 

10. 

4 Thaler,  12  Grote. 

500 

75 

37 

.07 

11 

2i  Grosehen. 

375 

49 

18 

.034 

12. 

1 Grosehen. 

13. 

4 Gro.schen. 

14. 

Paul  Fretlerich  August. 

4 Taler 

500 

75 

37 

.07 

Grand  Diudiy  of  Ohloiiberjf,  a maritime  state  of  North  Germany,  situ- 
ate on  the  North  Sea  and  the  Weser.  Area,  2,470  square  miles;  population  3:17,4.74. 
Budget  1883;  revenue,  81,. 748,09.7;  expenditure,  $1,018,030. 


175 


GERMANY,  oldenbukg.  Silver.  XVII 1. 


O LM 

5 Vi  ftVL 8 < 

V 6 U L D E]^  — 


THALER 

VaI8^0,:aJ| 


GROTE 

. 1836  , 


GROTE 

OLD  COURMUIVZE 


iflfift 


y ^ '^1  GROTE 

b|°EINEN  Y ^LD  COUR  MIJNZT 

A TH  A LER y 


* SILBER  * 
CROSCHEN 
K 184  8 A 


imOSCHCA 

V JSAS  I 


•I  sieber 
GROscHENi 

k:'A 


\ Kli\K,\  ' 

ji.  thaler  ^ 

srfv  184« 


IGKOSCUEIV) 

M 


176 


Gold.  PRUSSIA. 


Xo.  j 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

1 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

FORE 

Goi.d. 

VALLT 

1. 

Frederick  I. 

Double  Frederick  d’Or. 

904 

205 

185 

7.96 

2. 

do 

do 

904 

205 

185 

7.96 

Fred’k.  Wm.  II. 

do 

916 

206 

187 

8.04 

4. 

Frederick  I. 

do 

904 

205 

185 

7.96 

5. 

Fred’k.  Win.  II. 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

51 

2.19 

C. 

Frederick  I. 

Frederic  tl’Or. 

9C4 

102 

93 

4.00 

7. 

do 

Pi 

.stole. 

904 

103 

94 

4.04 

8. 

Freu’k.  Wm.  III. 

Frederic  d’Or. 

896 

103 

92 

3.96 

9. 

do 

do 

90.3 

104 

93 

4.00 

10. 

do 

do 

903 

104 

93 

4.00 

11. 

do 

D’ble  do 

903 

207 

185 

7.96 

12. 

do 

do  do 

892 

205  ■ 

182 

7.82 

Gold.  GERMANY. 


1 

No.  I 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEKJHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.n. 

VALL 

1. 

Pru.ssia. 

20  Marks. 

903 

122 

no 

$4.73 

2 

do 

10  do 

900 

61 

55 

2..36 

3. 

• Baden. 

do 

903 

61 

55 

2.36 

4. 

^'’urtemberg. 

do 

900 

Cl 

.‘5 

2.36 

177 


11 


178 


Silver.  GERMANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 

OR  SECTION.  j 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 



VALUE. 

1. 

Pras-iia. 

5 -Marks. 

!MKI 

428 

3 So 

.so 

2. 

Bavaria. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

Iles.'se. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

4. 

Baden. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

0. 

Hamburg. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

6. 

Wurtemburg. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

7^ 

Empire. 

do 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

8. 

do 

50  Pfennig. 

900 

42 

38 

.08 

9. 

do 

1 Mark. 

900 

8’. 

70 

.10 

10. 

do 

2 do 

900 

171 

154 

.32 

11. 

do 

50  Pfennig. 

900 

42 

38 

.IH 

Prussia  comprises  the  larger  portion  of  Germanj-.  The  kingdom  comprises 
13  provinces:  1.  East  Prussia;  2.  West  Prussia;  3.  ilraudenburg;  4.  Pomerauia; 
5.  Posen;  G.  Silesia;  7.  Saxony;  8.  Schleswig-Holstein;  9.  Hanover;  10.  AVestpha- 
lia;  11.  Hessen  Nassau;  12.  Hhenish  I’roviuces;  13.  Hohenzollcrn;  the  urea  of  all 
these  being  135, 9.‘)5  square  miles;  and  their  population  27,279,111.  The  forests  of 
Prussia  cover  nearly  10,000,000  acres,  consisting  chietlj'  of  fir  trees.  Minerals  : iron 
copper,  lead,  alum,  nitre,  zinc,  cobalt,  sulphur,  nickel,  arsenic,  baryta,  amber, 
agate,  jasper,  onyx,  etc.,  and  a little  silver.  Salt  (from  brine  springs)  is  abundant; 
also  coal.  Wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  peas,  millet,  rape  seed,  maize,  linseed,  flax, 
hemp,  tobacco,  ho])s,  etc.,  are  extensively  cultivated  and  largely  exj^rted.  Cattle 
are  raised  in  large  numbers.  The  western  division  is  noted  for  fine  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, the  Rhenish  Provinces  stand  pre-eminent  for  their  wines.  Alanufacturcs  ; 
chiefij’  linens.  Cotton  works  are  numerous;  and  also  factories  for  silk,  woollen, 
mixed  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  shawls,  carpets,  etc.,  leather,  earthenware,  glass, 
paper,  tobaeeo  and  metals.  Brewing  is  a business  of  great  magnitude.  Principal 
exports  ; linens,  woollens,  hardware,  corn,  wool,  timber,  pitch,  linseed,  tobacco, 
mineral  waters,  horses,  cattle,  hams,  salt  meat,  and  wine.s. 


I Published  by  A.  M.  Smith, 

I Post  Office  Box  754,  ' 

Philadelphia,  Pa,,  U.  S.  A 


;fenni» 


Silver.  PRUSSIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

Value. 

1. 

Ere  lk.  William  IV. 

h Thaler. 

520 

62 

41 

.08 

2. 

Frederick  11. 

i do 

663 

129 

82 

.17 

3. 

Fredk.  William  III. 

4 do 

6.54 

120 

78 

.16 

4. 

Frcdk.  William  III. 

4 do 

505 

SI 

3d 

.07 

5. 

Frederick  II. 

4 do 

517 

SI 

40 

.08 

6. 

Wilhelm. 

4 do 

520 

S2 

41 

.08 

7^ 

Fredk.  William  III. 

Vierfiroschen. 

514 

81 

40 

.08 

do 

4 Thaler. 

663 

129 

82 

.17 

ft. 

Frederick  11. 

1 do 

750 

S6 

64 

.13 

10. 

Of  Westphalia. 

4 do 

500 

8S 

44 

.09 

11. 

Fredk.  William  III. 

4 do 

595' 

79 

47 

.09 

12. 

AVilhelm. 

4 Silver  Groschen 

222 

16 

3 

.00  J 

13. 

do 

24  do  do 

375 

41» 

12 

.03 

14. 

do 

• 

1 do  do 

220 

33 

7 

.014 

181 


GERMANY  PRUSSIA 


Silver.  XVllI.  „ 


rights  reserved. 

A.M.  SMITH,  PUBLISHER. 

PHILADELPUU.PA.S 


Silver.  PRUSSIA. 


1 No. 
1 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Cjis. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Wilhelm. 

Five  Marks. 

900 

428 

385 

.80 

•> 

do 

Double  Thaler. 

900 

o72 

514 

1.07 

.S. 

do 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

256 

.53 

4. 

do 

Sieges  Thaler. 

900 

285 

256 

.53 

5. 

Mansfeld  Mines. 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

256 

.53 

6. 

Wilhelm. 

1 Mark. 

900 

85 

7(» 

.16 

7. 

Wm.  ami  .Vugusta,  ISGl.  Coronation  Thaler. 

900 

285 

256 

.53 

8. 

Wilhelm. 

20  Pfenuige. 

900 

17 

15 

.03 

188 


SUver.  XVIII. 


GERMANY,  PRUSSIA. 


Ib4 


Silver.  PRUSSIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVEKiHl* 

OF 

Coin. 

GKAliNb 
1 PURE 
|SlI.VER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Fredk.  William  IV. 

Thaler. 

7")0 

343 

257 

.53 

2. 

Frcdk.  William  III. 

do 

754 

355 

267 

.55 

3. 

Fredk.  William  I, 

do 

73G 

340 

251 

.52 

4. 

Fredk.  William  IV. 

2 do  3J  Gulden. 

900 

673 

515 

1.07 

5. 

Fredk.  William  111. 

Veriens  Thaler. 

753 

358 

269 

.5(5 

6. 

Fredk.  William  11. 

Florin  of  Sile.sia. 

750 

227 

170 

.35 

7. 

Fredk.  William  IV. 

J Gro.schen. 

210 

17 

4 

I 


h 

► 


I 


► 

L 

L 


I 

i 


I 

r 

t 

i 

[ 

ir 

I 


('  - 


18.) 


Silver.  XV II I 


GERMANY 


PRUSSIA, 


w SECE,T  DES 
jfliVUXSFELDEK  rt 
, V*  BERGBAUES  ^ 


kqe:\7^ 


:i.V  TUALEK 


I GROSCHEN 
W l«+3  4^/ 


%^P 


N 


ISG 


Silver.  PRUSSIA. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Frederick  11. 

Specie  Thaler. 

830 

440 

365 

.76 

2. 

do 

do 

8.30 

440 

365 

.70 

.I. 

do 

do  Convention.  t>30 

440 

365 

.76 

■}. 

.Vle.’cander,  Branderimrg. 

do 

830 

440 

365 

.70 

0. 

Fredk.  William  III, 

1 tJroschen. 

215 

34 

8 

.01  i 

6. 

do 

1 Thaler. 

736 

340 

252 

.52 

7. 

i\0 

749 

340 

255 

.53 

187 


GERMANY,  phuss.a  . SUver.  XVIII. 


^OR\ 


"sir.BER  I*;  A- 
GRO.SdlE.N-  j Ar 


EIX  ^ 
S.mRKICHS^ 
e WTIIALK 

18  1 ^ 5^^ 


aU  KD^; 


SCHWAB  AC  H 
^1774  ^ 


EIX  THALER 
V 1 7 Q 8 > 


\ ’A 

\s 

1 ^ \ 

L m 

Sf3 

1 ^ / 
A ^ ¥ 

V- 

I 

•^*- 


S 


18H 


Silver.  PRUSSIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WKIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

CRAINS 

PURE 

Sri.VER 

VALUE. 

1. 

\lexanderof  Brandenburg. 

Rigs  Thaler. 

830 

440 

3G5 

.76 

2.  Cliarles  William,  do 

do 

823 

440 

305 

.76 

3. 

Frederick  II. 

Specie  Thaler. 

830 

440 

305 

.76 

4. 

do 

Rigs  Thaler. 

740 

343 

2.35 

.53 

5. 

do 

i Thaler. 

7.30 

171 

128 

.26 

G. 

do 

Rigs  Thaler. 

740 

343 

255 

.53 

7. 

Fredk.  William  IV. 

2i  Groschen. 

375 

51 

19 

.04 

' r 


189 


GERMANS.  PRUSSIA. 


Silver  XVIII. 


^ ,fmK  ^ 


srirwABA(  :h 
1S2E  ^ 


BORV 


i^aanV. 


\ 7^' 


> flW  SlUlER  5»  j 
3 % GROSCHEX ; 

aV 


ia  ira’L^  aaw« 


190 


Silver.'  GERMANY.  REUSS-CRKIZ  andRF.USST^BF.NSTEIN- 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtlGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

ISiLVER 

VALCE. 

1. 

Henry  XX. 

2 Thaler  3 V Gulden. 

<>00 

5n 

514 

$1.07 

2, 

Henry  XIII. 

Specie  Thaler. 

834 

432 

301 

.75 

3. 

Henry  XI. 

i do  do 

834 

210 

180 

.37 

•1. 

Henry  XIX. 

1-12  Thaler. 

432 

48 

20 

.04 

5. 

Henry  XIII. 

i Si>ecie  Thaler. 

834 

432 

301 

.75 

(). 

do 

S|>eeie  Thaler. 

834 

432 

301 

.75 

7. 

do 

do  do  Conv’n.  334 

432 

301 

.75 

A' 


191 


GERMANY.  R EUSS^X  UJENv'l^ElN.  Silver,  xvm. 


Silver. 


GERMANY.  SAXE-COBURG-GOTH  A. 


No. 

nORIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

\vek;ht 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALU 

1. 

Ernst  Hertzog. 

2 Thaler  or  3i  Gulden 

900 

5>5 

526 

1.09 

2. 

do 

Specie  Thaler. 

833 

441 

367 

.76 

3. 

do 

Thaler. 

750 

343 

257 

.53 

■i. 

do 

Specie  Thaler. 

833 

445 

370 

.77 

5. 

do 

3 Kreuzer,  (1808), 

330 

25 

8 

.01 J 

6. 

do 

2 Thaler  or  3i  Gulden. 

900 

573 

515 

1.07 

7^ 

do 

Crown  Thaler. 

871 

461 

401 

.83 

Duchies  of  Saxe-Cobiirg’  aiul  Gotha,  a state  consisting  of  two  princi 
iml  and  several  smaller  detached  portions.  Area,  810  scpiare  miles;  po])ulatiou  l‘J4,- 
710.  The  Crown  revenue  is  $149,000,  and  that  of  the  state  $828,025  annually. 


l'J3 


GERMANY, 


Silver.  XVIII 


SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. 


A^VVvGir.CQ 


[VCUSf.v 


OBGKC? 


tHl7 


vUx18  2.5 


atr  rv.^' 


194 

Silver  GERMANY,  saxcoburg-gotha. 


No.  1 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

wek;ht 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

i. 

Enst  Herzog. 

Half  Thaler. 

833 

217 

180 

.37 

2. 

do 

20  Kreuzer. 

583 

104 

61 

.12 

3. 

do 

10  do 

500 

60 

30 

.06 

4. 

do 

6 do 

371 

36 

13 

.02 

5. 

do 

3 do 

333 

20 

6 

.01 

(i. 

do 

1 do 

10 

7. 

do 

20  do 

583 

103 

60 

.12 

8. 

do 

4 Thaler. 

520 

83 

43 

.09 

<1. 

do 

20  Kreuzer. 

582 

103 

60 

.12 

10. 

do 

10  do 

500 

60 

30 

.06 

11. 

do 

1 Grosehen. 

23 

Ba.«e. 

12. 

do 

2 do 

46 

do 

13. 

do 

6 Kreuzer. 

370 

36 

13 

.02 

14. 

do 

6 do 

187 

63 

12 

.02 

1.3. 

do 

h Thaler. 

520 

82 

43 

.09 

10. 

do 

3 Kreutzer. 

30 

17. 

do 

1 do 

10 

18. 

do 

2 Groschtn. 

4*> 

Base. 

19;; 


GERMANY,  saxe-couurg-gotha.  Silver.  XVIII. 


lEUZER 
1826  A 


i»HaaO; 


r 


i^KREUZERjj 


[§Mgroscuen 


GROSCflE^ 
^^1865  A 


KREUZER 


life^vT  VI  \ 
"HofKREUZER  I 

1804  J 


Tll^ 


f2^,fi 

GROSCHEN 
.'A  1865 

%f/)K 


,KREUZER 


Gold.  GERMAN,  saxony 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Fredric  .\ugustu.s. 

Doub.  August,  10  Thaler. 

898 

205 

184 

7.92 

2 

do 

10  Thaler. 

898 

206 

184 

7.92 

3. 

do 

do 

898 

204 

183 

7.88 

4. 

Anton  V. 

do 

898 

204 

183 

7.88 

5. 

Xaver,  Elector. 

.August  d’Or  5 Thaler 

889 

102 

90 

3.87 

6. 

.August  III. 

5 Thaler. 

889 

102 

90 

3.87 

7. 

Frederic  .Augustus  V 

Ducat. 

986 

54 

53 

2.28 

8. 

Frederic  Augustus. 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

9. 

do 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

10. 

do 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

11. 

do 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

12. 

Church  Piece. 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

13. 

Frederic  Augustus. 

do 

984 

53 

52 

2.23 

SilXOiiy.  The  third 

kingdom  in  importance  of  the  German  Empire.  Area, 

5,78!)  square  miles;  population  2,!)72,805.  Agricultural  imiclucts  : the  usual  cereals 
and  leguminous  plants,  with  rape  seed,  buckwheat,  flax,  hops  and  fruits.  The  tim- 
bers of  its  forests  are  a great  source  of  wealth.  Jlincs  yield  silver,  tin,  bismuth,  co- 
balt, iron,  zinc,  lead,  nickel,  arsenic,  etc.,  besides  coal,  marble,  iiorcelaiu,  earth  and 
gems;  such  as  topases,  chrysolites,  amethysts,  cornelians,  garnets,  etc.  Linen  and 
cotton  spinning,  and  weaving  are  most  extensively  carried  on.  Broad  cloths,  meri- 
nos, silks,  mixed  silk  and  woollen  goods,  thread,  muslin-de-laines,  laces  and  embroi 
deries  made  here  are  in  high  repute.  The  “Dresden  China”  is  noted  throughout 
the  world  ; all  these  form  the  principal  exports. 


JD7 


IS 


nn'Rxtrft 


iP'^'JtALTM 


'i>  r.Ko\- 


'CfiiBrS' 


198 


Silver.  GERMANY,  saxony 


1. 

Fred’k  August  III. 

Thaler. 

829 

432 

358 

2. 

Frcd’k  August  II. 

do 

829 

432 

358 

3. 

Fred’k  August  IV. 

2 Thaler,  3J  Gulden. 

900 

571 

514 

4. 

Frud’k  Augustus  III. 

4 do 

833 

109 

91 

5. 

do 

4 do 

830 

109 

90 

6. 

do 

4 do 

837 

109 

92 

7. 

Fred’k  Aug.  IT. 

4 do 

750 

54 

40 

.74 

.74 

1.07 

.18 

.18 

.19 

.08 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

199 


GERMANY.  SAXONY. 


Silver.  XVI 1 1. 


•200 


Silver.  GERMANY,  saxony 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

j FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Anton. 

Special  Thaler. 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

2, 

Anton  V. 

J Thaler. 

833 

4.33 

360 

.75 

3. 

Frederic  August  V. 

Thaler. 

750 

343 

257 

.53 

4. 

P’rederic  August,  (1696.) 

5 Specie  Thaler. 

833 

217 

180 

.,37 

5. 

Frederic  August,  (1813.) 

5 Thaler. 

8.33 

217 

180 

..37 

6. 

do  do  (1765) 

do 

833 

217 

180 

.37 

7. 

do  do 

1-12  Thaler. 

435 

50 

21 

.04 

8. 

do  do 

do 

435 

50 

21 

.04 

1 


202 

Silver.  GERMANY,  saxony. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtlUHT 

OF 

Coin. 

PUKE 

SlI.VKR 

VALUE. 

1. 

Frederick  Augustus  V. 

Specie  Thaler. 

833 

433 

360 

.75 

2. 

do 

Rigs  Thaler. 

834 

433 

360 

.75 

3. 

do 

Convention  Thaler. 

834 

4.33 

3i;0 

.75 

4. 

do 

Constitution  Thaler. 

834 

433 

360 

.75 

5. 

Anton  V. 

A ThaDr. 

525 

82 

43 

.09 

6. 

Frederic  .\ugust  V. 

1-48  Thaler. 

250 

15 

4 

.01 

7. 

do 

A Thaler. 

525 

82 

43 

.09 

8. 

do 

Goshen,  1-30  Thaler. 

229 

31 

/ 

.014 

9. 

do 

1-16  Thaler. 

525 

82 

43 

.09 

10. 

-Anton  V. 

1-12  Thaler. 

439 

82 

3.3 

.07 

j - ^ 


203 


GERMANY.  SAXONY. 


Silver.  XVlll. 


FiTNEN 
iTH  AIjEIV 

y 


S'  ' -I 

^'01LE>T^ET 
fDEX.'i  MAU82-/ 


elt^RQSCHEX 

, lo  Ar 


//j^'OLLEJfDKT' 
/»D.S  AIAl  1827. 


j^^RU’4 


'PS.91Y.14J6. 


S E1NF.:«  % 
\ 18  i7  ..^y 


l’U4 


saver.  GERMANY.  SAXONY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINb 

PURE 

Silver 

VALL 

1. 

Fredk.  Augustu.s  Hi. 

Spceie  Thaler. 

833 

438 

30 

.70 

2, 

do  do  do 

Thaler. 

835 

440 

ot»(> 

.70 

3. 

do  do  do 

Thaler  of  the  Convention  837 

440 

3C7 

.7(i 

4. 

Fredk.  August  II. 

Thaler. 

821) 

432 

358 

.74 

5. 

Antone-Cleineiit. 

i Tlialer. 

833 

214 

170 

..36 

6. 

do  do 

i do 

715 

1.5 

8!) 

.18 

205 


Silver.  GERMANY,  waldeck 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

George,  Prince. 

Ecu,  Convention. 

833 

445 

371 

.77 

2. 

George  Henry  I. 

Palmen,  or  Crown  Thaller. 

833 

438 

368 

.76 

3. 

Prince  Frederick. 

Ecu,  Convention. 

833 

438 

368 

.76 

4. 

George  I. 

Specie  Thaler. 

889 

453 

403 

.84 

5. 

Frederick  Wm. 

1-24  Thaler. 

29 

Base. 

C. 

Charles  August. 

1-12  Thaler. 

500 

40 

20 

.04 

7. 

George  I. 

2 Marien  Groschen. 

750 

20 

15 

.03 

8. 

Charles  Aug. 

10  Kreuzer. 

500 

40 

20 

.04 

9. 

Frederick  Wni. 

i Thaler. 

524 

162 

85 

.17 

10. 

do 

1 Marien  Groschen. 

Ba.se. 

22 

Base. 

WaUleek  and  Pyrinoiit,  a Principality  in  the 

North-west  of 

Germany. 

.\rea,  406  square  miles;  i)0)uilation  50,522.  The  Budget  for  1884  gives  an  income  of 

iJ262,760,  and  an  e.xpenditure  of  $244,075.  There  is  also  a 

debt  of  $011,72 

0. 

■207 


EIXEX 
TJIALER 
. 181Q. 


I gX*,' , • 

I ;n^l5/  v 


EIN 

KRONErf .! 
,TIL\LEH.l 

iL  1824..,,f 


i>5« 

>KREU 
^ZEB  > 


i^MniEN 

CJIOSCH 
, i«2o  , 


'JSEVE  PEOE  \^ 
MARK  /® 
\ 1810  / i 


ifVl 


jv\iREeii^ 


'I  EIA^EA"  ^1 
iKTBAtER  i;i 
\ iS4?4  7 


208 


Gold. 

GERMANY,  wl-rtemp.f.rg. 

j No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.n. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Frederick  I. 

Frederick  d’Or,  11  Gulden. 

suo 

112 

99 

4.25 

2. 

William  I. 

Double  Ducat,  10  Florins. 

869 

104 

90 

3.87 

3. 

Carl  Alexandar. 

i Carolin,  (1733.) 

767 

37 

2S 

1.21 

4. 

Carl  Alexander. 

i Carolin,  (1735.) 

767 

74 

56 

2.40 

0. 

William  I. 

Ducat. 

980 

54 

52 

2.23 

6. 

Charles. 

Ducat,  (1750). 

975 

54 

52 

2.23 

7^ 

Louis-Eugene. 

Ducat,  (1794). 

985 

54 

53 

2.27 

8. 

William  I. 

Ducat. 

985 

54 

53 

2.27 

9. 

Carl  Alexander. 

Ducat,  (1790). 

985 

54 

53 

2.27 

10. 

Carl  Alexander. 

Carolin,  (1735). 

775 

148 

114 

4.91 

It. 

AVilliam. 

Ducat  of  5 Florins. 

900 

51 

46 

1.97 

12. 

Frederic  II. 

Ducat. 

986 

54 

53 

2.27 

13. 

Frederick  II. 

do  (1804). 

986 

54 

53 

2.27 

14. 

Carl  Alexander. 

Ducat,  (1737). 

985 

54 

53 

2.27 

AVurteiuborff,  a kingdom  of  South  Germany.  Area,  7,531  square  miles; 
population  (1880),  1,971,118.  Richly  cultivated  and  highly  productive  throughout. 
Minerals:  iron,  granite,  limestone,  ironstone,  fire-claj’,  etc.  ^lanufacture.s : ]K)rce- 
lain,  leather,  tobacco,  iron  and  steel  good.s,  cabinet  work,  etc.  There  are  many  oil 
mill.s,  breweries  and  brandy  distilleries.  Principal  e.xports:  grain,  cattle,  wood, 
salt,  oil,  leather,  woollen,  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  beer,  wine,  etc.  Rudget  (188J), 
$13,500,270. 


F 


209 


18 


•210 


Silver.  GERMANY,  wurtemberg. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Wi Ilium  I. 

2 Thaler,  or  3J  Guhleii.  8'J9 

572 

514 

1.17 

2. 

do 

Crown  Thaler. 

874 

458 

397 

.82 

3. 

do 

Crown. 

872 

455 

395 

.82 

4. 

do 

2 

Gulden. 

752 

391 

293 

.01 

5. 

do 

Medaille  Elorin. 

898 

1C4 

146 

.,30 

6. 

do 

C Kreuzer 

329 

39 

13 

7’ 

do 

Guillen. 

751 

196 

147 

.30 

•211 


GERMANY  WUKTEMBURG.  Sll\7-OT»  YVTTT 


212 

Silver.  GERMANY,  wurtemberg. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALllE. 

1. 

Frederick  I. 

Crown  Tnaler. 

870 

453 

393 

.82 

2. 

William  I. 

do 

870 

453 

393 

.82 

3. 

Convention. 

Thaler. 

830 

432 

357 

.74 

4. 

William  I. 

Two  Gulden. 

900 

325 

292 

.61 

%/» 

Fred  II. 

i Ecu  de  Convention.  833 

216 

180 

37 

21S 


r 

p 

t’ 

GERMANY,  wurtkmburg.  Silver.  XVIII. 


•214 


Silver.  GERMANY.  WURTEMBERG. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
; PURE 

Silver 

VALUE,  j 

1. 

William  I. 

Convention  Thaler. 

833 

438 

365 

.76 

2. 

Francis,  Prince, 

Thaler. 

830 

432 

357 

.74 

3. 

John,  Prince. 

do 

'830 

432 

357 

.74 

4. 

Charles  I. 

do 

830 

432 

357 

.74 

5. 

William. 

24  Kreuzer. 

498 

122 

61 

.12 

6. 

<lo 

12  do 

498 

61 

* 29 

.06 

7. 

Fred’k  II. 

20  do 

568 

103 

58 

.12 

215 


GERMANY,  wurtemburg.  Silver.  XVIII. 


216 


Silver.  GERMANY,  wurtemberg. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Frederick  I. 

Crown  Thaler. 

870 

453 

393 

..S2 

2. 

Charles  I. 

Ris  Thaler,  Specie. 

830 

432 

3.57 

.71 

3. 

Charles,  Prince. 

do 

830 

432 

357 

.74 

4. 

Charles  I. 

do 

930 

432 

357 

.74 

5. 

William 

Gulden. 

751 

19G 

147 

.30 

6. 

William 

G Kreufzer. 

328 

35 

12 

.02i 

7. 

do 

Gulden. 

7.51 

19G 

U~ 

.30 

9 


•217 


GERMANY,  wurtemburg.  Silver.  XVIII. 


i tA 


218 


Silver.  GERMANY,  wurtemberg. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
j PURE 
iSlI.VPR 

VALU 

1. 

Of  Fursteuberg. 

Rix  Dollar. 

834 

433 

360 

.75 

2. 

Fredericus  I. 

Ecu  of  Convention. 

834 

433 

360 

.75 

3. 

Ludov,  Eugen. 

Ecu. 

831 

433 

360 

.7.3 

4. 

Karl  Ka*nig. 

2 Thaler,  6 Marks. 

900 

571 

514 

1.07 

5. 

AVilliam  I. 

1 Kreutzcr. 

163 

12 

2 

•OOi 

(). 

William  II. 

Vereins  Thaler. 

900 

285 

257 

.53 

7. 

William  I. 

i Gulden. 

900 

81 

73 

.15 

8. 

William  I. 

3 Kreutzcr. 

275 

21 

6 

.01 

9. 

do 

1 do 

163 

12 

2 

.OOi 

219 


GERMANY,  wuktkmburg.  Silver.  XVIII. 


REVZEH' 


TKOff 


B-fi.  n^. 


r,rLDE:«ir#f 

P 18  61  \ 


Piiblislicd  by  A.  M.  Smith, 
Post  Office  15ox  754, 
PiuLADEi.pjiiA,  Pa.,  U.  S.  a, 


QJ.2WE1  TiljVL.il! 


220 


GERMANY,  lobexstein.  Silver.  XVIir. 


Ko, 

PERIOD 

WEIGHT  GRAI.NS 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

OP  1 PORE 

VALUE. 

Coin.  (Silver 

1.  Henry  LXXII. 

2.  Henry  XX. 

3.  ilo 

4.  , Henry  LX VII. 


H’ble  Thaler,  3J  GulJeu.  900 
Vereins  Thaler.  9il0 

D’ble  Thaler,  3J  Gulden.  900 
Vereins  Thaler.  900 


672 

615 

^1.07 

2S5 

257 

,53 

572 

515 

1.07 

2S5 

2.57 

.53 

5. 

6. 

7. 


do 

do 

do 


1 Silver  Grosehen. 

4 do  do 

2 do  do 


Billon. 

do 

do. 


ROUMANIA,  Silver.  XXXVIH.  , 


ROU3IANIA  COINS. — Silver,  all  900  Fine.  No.  1,  5 Lei,  grains  weight, 
346  grs.  pure, — 73  cents ; Nos.  2 and  6,  1 Leu,  77  grains  weight,  09  grs.  pure, — 14 
cents;  Nos.  3 and  5,  50  Bani,  38  grs.  weight,  34  grs.  pure, — 7 cents  ; Nos.  4 and  7, 

2 Lei,  154  grs.  weight,  138  grs.  pure, — 28  cents. 

KOU3IANIA.  This  kingdom  consists  of  the  Moldo-tVallachia  provinces, 
formerly  belonging  to  Turkey,  by  treaty  of  Berlin,  13th  Jul}',  1878,  recognized  as 
an  independent  State,  and  the  territory  of  Dobrudscha  added  to  it;  raised  to  a king- 
dom March  20,  1881.  Total  area,  49,202  square  miles;  population  5,370,000.  ll'nlla- 
c/tw,  largest  of  the  three  provinces,  has  area  of  28,270  square  miles.  The  soil  is  verj’ 
rich.  Products;  corn,  maize,  millet,  beans  and  peas;  vines  and  various  fruits  are 
abundant;  forests  most  extensive.  Immense  nmnbers  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses 
are  reared;  minerals  and  precious  metals  are  said  to  abound.  Exixjrts:  wheat, 
maize,  rock-salt  and  cattle,  lloldatia,  the  least  of  the  three  provinces,  has  about 
2,200,000  inhabitants;  it  produces  large  quantities  of  fruit,  grain  and  wine,  Public 
revenue  of  Ruumauia  (1884),  $26,289,115;  expenditures,  about  the  same  as  the  reve- 
nue; public  debt,  $132,816,000;  imports  (1882),  $53,870,420;  exj^rts  (1882),  $48,- 
946,141.  Since  1881,  there  has  been  authorized  an  issue  of  25,000,000  lei,  in  pieces 
of  5 lei;  the  coinage  of  gold  has  been  very  small,  the  circulation  in  that  metal  is 
composed  almost  entirely  of  Napoleons  and  Austrian  pieces  of  8 and  4 florins.  The 
paper  circulation  in  1883,  was  12,091,730  francs  in  treasury  notes,  and  58,498,790 
francs  in  national  bank  notes. 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

[fine. 

1 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUl 

1. 

Victoria. 

5 Sovereigns. 

916 

616 

56.5 

24..32 

o 

George  IV. 

5 do 

916 

616 

565 

24..32 

3. 

George  III. 

5 Guineas. 

91.0 

647 

592 

25.48 

4. 

do 

5 Sovereigns. 

916 

616 

565 

24..32 

5. 

do 

i Guinea. 

917 

64 

59 

2.54 

6. 

do 

J Guinea. 

917 

42 

39 

1 .68 

7. 

Victoria. 

Sovereign. 

916 

123 

113 

4.86 

8. 

do 

do 

916 

123 

113 

4.86 

9. 

George  IV. 

do 

916 

123 

113 

4.86 

10. 

do 

4 Sovereign. 

916 

61 

56 

2.40 

n. 

George  III. 

Sovereign. 

91() 

123 

113 

4.86 

12. 

Victoria. 

do 

916 

123 

113 

4.86 

1.3. 

George  IV. 

4 Sovereign. 

916 

61 

56 

2.40 

14. 

do 

Sovereign. 

916 

123 

113 

4.86 

OIIKAT  HIJITAIX,  a kingdom  embracing  England,  Wales,  Scotland,  In- 
land and  the  Channel  Islands,  has  also  immense  landed  possessions  in  all  parts  ol' 
the  world;  of  these,  the  following  table  will  be  the  briefest  and  most  satisfactoiy 
presentation  of  the  statistics  of  the  entire  Ilritish  Empire  : 


NA3IE  OK  COUNTRY 

AREA  IN 
SQ.  MILKS 

POPULATION 

REVENUE 

PUHLIO 

DEBT 

lMl»OKTS 

AND 

EXPORTS 

(treat  ISritain  ami  Ireland 
Indian  Possessions,  <Sc. 
Other  l-2istern  I’ossessions 
.Vustralia 
Nortli  .\inerica 
(iiiiaua,  Cce. 

.\fri<-a 

West  Indies,  Ac. 

Kur(  >1  leai  i 1 ’<  isse.ssions 
Various  WettlemeiiLs 

121,11.5 

l,.>58,25t 

30,000 

3.isi.;m 

3,(r20..500 

KKi.OOO 

270.000 

12,707 

1-20 

96,171 

ai..mooo 
2.5.S.OOO.(XK) 
tl.llOO.tXK) 
3,100.0(,0 
4,6.50, (KK> 
2lXI.(MK) 
2..r>0.(Xl0 
D3)0,000 
175,000 
200,(KIO 

illiiliiii 

<» 

$3,7:{2.noo.ooo 

6U0,(HX).(KH) 

14,(NX).(NN) 

6(XI,(XKMKI0 

2o.5,ono.(xx) 

2,.50O.(XKI 

91.:t7.5,(KK) 

1U,(X«),(K)0 

1,IK)0.(K)0 

1,-2.50,(«K) 

mumm 

ifiisliiii 

Total 

8,IWK).21 1 

310.-225.(KI0 

Sl.tMO.OOO.OIK) 

s5..V»S,n-2.5,0()0 

8^5,4,51,000,(X« 

■ ^ 


224 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE 

1. 

George  IV. 

2 Sovereigns. 

916 

2464 

226 

$9.72 

2 

do 

Sovereign. 

916 

123i 

113 

4.86 

3. 

George  III. 

Guinea. 

916 

1294 

118 

5.10 

4. 

do 

2 Guineas. 

915 

259 

236 

10.15 

5. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

1294 

118 

5.10 

6. 

do 

4 Guinea. 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

7. 

George  IV. 

2 Sovereigns. 

916 

2464 

226 

9.72 

8. 

do 

Sovereign. 

916 

1231 

113 

4.86 

9. 

George  III. 

Guinea. 

916 

1294 

118 

3.10 

10. 

do 

4 Sovereign. 

916 

614 

564 

2.43 

n. 

do 

i Guinea. 

916 

324 

294 

1.27 

12. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

1294 

118 

5.10 

13. 

George  IV. 

4 Sovereign. 

916 

614 

564 

2.13 

r^nglaiul  is  divided  from  Scotland  on  the  north,  by  the  Cheviot  Hills  and  the 
nvers  Tweed  and  Sohvay,  and  from  Wales  by  the  Severn  and  Dee.  Area,  about 

51.000  square  miles;  population  (1881),  1,300,513.  Agriculture  is  prosecuted  indus- 
triously and  intelligently,  and  yields  large  returns.  The  country  is  rich  in  minerals; 
iron,  tin,  lead,  copper  and  coal,  the  product  of  pig  iron  amounting  to  about  $80,000,- 
000  per  annum,  and  of  coal  to  $230,000,000;  the  metal  manufacture  emi>loys  about 

650.000  hands,  and  the  textile  industries  are  of  such  enormous  extent  as  to  require 
over  one  million  operatives.  British  goods  are  found  in  everj-  portion  of  the  globe. 
The  Island  of  Greal  Britain  contained  in  1883,  in  active  operation,  18,457  miles  of 
railway.  The  telegraph  extended  27,103  miles,  owned  and  operated  by  the  govern- 
ment since  1871. 

Wales  has  an  area  of  4,712,281  square  acres,  population  (1881),  1,360,513. 
The  country  is  generally  mountainous,  but  like  England,  it  possesses  great  mineral 
wealth.  The  country  occupies  a large  peninsula  on  the  west  side  of  the  island  of 
Britain,  bordering  on  the  Irish  Sea  and  Bristol  and  St.  George’s  Channels.  The 
laws  of  England  were  fully  extended  over  Wales  hy  statute  in  1536.  In  the  reigns 
of  George  IV  and  William  IV,  the  last  traces  of  politiciil  distinction  were  abolished. 

Scotland  {the  ancient  Caledonia)  is  situated  in  the  most  northerly  part  of  the 
island.  Area,  about  30,000  square  miles;  poi)ulation  (1882),  3,735,573.  The  land  is 
naturally  barren  and  bleak,  but  the  hardy  persevering  inhabitants  have  made  it 
productive,  and  their  country  wealthy  and  prosperous.  'I’lie  union  with  England 
took  place  in  1707,  a rebellion  in  1745  was  suppressed,  and  the  Scotch  people  sub- 
mitting, devoted  themselves  to  the  material  welfare  of  their  nation  with  results 
which  have  been  continuously  beneficial. 

Irdandis  an  island  lying  about  60  miles  to  the  west  of  England,  wa.shed 
upon  tlm>e  sides  by  the  Atiantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  east  by  the  Irish  Sea  or  St. 
George’s  Channel.  Its  greatest  length  is  from  north  to  south,  306  miles,  and  from 
east  to  west,  from  120  to  180,  with  an  area  of  about  31,759  scpiarc  miles,  with  popu- 
lation, in  1881,  of  5,174,836,  which  is  continually  decreasing  and  has  been  since  1845 
at  the  rate  of  37.0  per  cent.  This  island  abounds  in  natural  beauties,  the  harbors 


a ^ 

♦— “ if  3 

%'■/  w yr^ 

^ y \< 

22:> 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Gold.  XIX. 


220 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

Ifine. 

1 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Goi.d, 

VALU 

1. 

George  11. 

5 Guineas 

911) 

647 

592 

$25.48 

2. 

do 

2 Guinea.s. 

916 

258 

23)! 

10.15 

3. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

•4. 

do 

i Guinea. 

■916 

64 

59 

2.55 

George  I. 

5 Guineas. 

916 

647 

592 

25.48 

«>. 

do 

2 Guinea-s. 

916 

258 

236 

10.15 

7. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

11.S 

5.10 

3. 

do 

1 Guinea. 

91,6 

64 

59 

2.55 

9. 

do 

1 Guinea. 

916 

32 

29 

1.27 

It). 

Anna. 

5 Guineas. 

916 

647 

5.12 

2 >.48 

12. 

do 

2 Guinea.s. 

916 

258 

236 

10-15 

13. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

14. 

do 

i Guinea. 

916 

t)4 

59 

2. '.5 

are  among  the  finest  in  the  world;  plants  elsewhere  known  as  ‘‘hot-house’’  flour 

liere  in  the  open  air,  and  there  is  every  areessoiy  favor.ihle  to  vegetation.  The 
sources  of  wealth  which  exist  in  Ireland  have  never  been  developed,  owing  to  con- 
tinual political  agitation,  which  has  been  since  the  beginning,  still  continues,  and  is 
likelv  so  to  do,  unto  the  end. 

India.  The  British  Empire  in  India  comprises  an  area  of  l,n77,540  square 
miles,  and  a po])ulation  of  2.54,000,000.  From  Peshawar,  the  northern  frontier  sta- 
tion to  Cape  Comorin,  is  1,000  miles,  and  the  same  distance  separates  Karachi,  the 
port  of  Sind,  from  Sudiya.  the  frontier-post  on  the  eastern  border  of  Assam.  North- 
ern India  or  Hindustan,  is  at  the  foot  of  the  Himalayas,  stretching  from  sea  to  sea, 
comprising  the  rich  alluvial  plains  watered  by  the  Indus,  the  Ganges,  the  Lower 
Brahmaputra  and  their  tributaries.  Southern  India  or  the  Heecan,  is  bounded  on 
two  sides  ly  the  ^lalabar  and  Coromandel  coasts,  which  converge  at  Cape  Comorin, 
and  on  the  third  by  the  Vindhya  Mountains,  north  of  the  Narhaddah  River.  Three- 
fifths  of  this  great  empire  are  under  the  direct  rule  of  the  British  government,  and  are 
divided  for  administrative  purposes  into  eight  jirovinces:  Bengal,  the  North-western 
Provinces  and  Oudh,  the  Punjab,  the  Central  Provinces,  British  Burma,  Assam, 
Madnis  and  Bombay.  The  remaining  two-fifths  are  made  up  of  a large  number  of 
Native  States,  whose  chiefs  all  acknowledge  the  suzerainty  of  Her  Imperial  Majesty, 
Tunsar-T-TTind. 

occupies  the  deltas  of  the  Gauges  and  Brahmaputra,  and  is  flanked  on 
the  east  by  mountains  which  separate  it  from  the  Valley  of  the  Irnuvaddy.  The 
province  is  a great  alluvial  plain,  the  most  po]iulous  and  productive  in  all  Brit i.-h 
India.  It  furnishes  rice,  oj)ium,  indigo  and  jute. 

Tlie  Nortli-wc.st  Provinces  form  the  ui>i)er  part  of  the  gieat  plain  of  the 
Ganges  to  tlie  west  of  Bengal,  between  the  Himalaya  Mountains  and  the  hilly  bor- 
der of  the  centml  irlateau. 

. The  Puiijiil)  occupies  the  north  western  angle  of  the  great  northern  plain  of 
India,  and  receives  its  name  from  the  “five  rivers"  which,  descending  from  the 
Himalayas,  cross  the  plain  and  unite  in  the  Indus.  It  was  annexed  in  1H48.  Beside 
the  territory  under  British  administration,  which  is  ahout  as  large  us  the  kingdom  of 


227 


22S 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE 

1. 

IVilliam  III. 

5 Guinea. 

916 

647 

592 

25.48 

2. 

do 

2 Guinea. 

916 

258 

236 

10.15 

3. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

4. 

do 

1 Guinea. 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

r>. 

William  and  Mary. 

5 (iiiinea. 

916 

647 

592 

25.48 

6. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5 10 

4 . 

do 

2 (iuinea-s. 

916 

258 

236 

10.15 

8. 

do 

i Guinea. 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

9. 

James  II. 

5 Guineas. 

916 

647 

592 

25.48 

10. 

do 

2 Guineas. 

916 

258 

2.16 

10.15 

11. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

12. 

do 

i Guinea. 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

Itiil}-,  tliere  is  an  equal  extent  of  area  belonging  to  34  Feudatory  Native  States,  with 
a i)opulation  of  about  5,000,000;  a revenue  of  $8,(XX),000,  and  an  armed  force  of50, - 
000  men,  Tliirdly,  there  are  the  frontier  tribes,  split  up  into  numerous  clans,  with 
divergent  interests,  whose  military  force  is  estimated  at  130, (KX)  warriors. 

The  Central  Provinces  were  formed  from  territory  taken  in  1801  from  Ma- 
dras and  the  north-western  provinces.  The  line  of  r.iilwa}’  connecting  Hombay  with 
Calcutta  pa.ssing  through  it,  has  opened  u]»  a country  previously  almost  unknown, 
and  the  trallic  through  Jubbulpur  is  larger  than  that  of  an}’  city  in  India,  except 
Bombay. 

liriti.sli  IJiirinah  is  on  a long  narrow  strip  of  territoiy  on  the  eastern  shore 
of  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Tenas-serim  and  .Vrakan  were  annexed  after  the  first  Burmese 
IVar  in  1825,  and  Pegu  after  the  war  in  1852.  The  valley  and  delta  of  the  Irra- 
waddy are  extremely  fertile,  but  owing  to  the  want  of  roads,  the  province  is  thinly 
pcopU’d. 

As.saiii,  ceded  by  Burma  in  1825,  formed  part  of  Bengal  until  1874.  The 
revenue  is  comparatively  small.  Cachar  and  Sylhet  are  the  most  im^wrtant  tea- 
producing  districts  in  India. 

Miulras  was  the  scene  of  the  struggle  between  England  and  France,  the  prin- 
cipal settlement  of  the  French  in  India — Pondicherry,  being  90  miles  south  of  31a- 
dras.  This  province,  since  the  annexation  of  Carnatic,  is  larger  than  Great  Britain 
ami  Ireland  together,  though  with  a coast-line  of  1,730  miles  it  has  not  oue  good 
natural  harbor. 

Tlie  Island  of  Iloiiibay  was  part  of  the  dowry  of  the  Infanta  of  Portugal, 
and  was  made  over  by  Charles  II  to  the  East  India  Company  in  1008.  The  province 
js  1,050  miles  in  length,  and  has  many  line  natural  harbors;  Bombay  and  Kanichi 
being  by  far  the  most  imi)ortant.  It  is  about  equal  in  size  to  Germany,  native 
States  occupying  one-third,  Sind,  a non-n‘gulation  province,  one-fourth;  and  Bom- 
bay proper,  once  the  territory  of  the  Peishwa,  the  remaining  82,000  square  miles. 
Bombay  is  yearly  rising  in  importance  as  the  great  commercial  i>ort  of  India.  It  is, 
after  London  and  Calcutta,  the  most  i>opulous  city  in  the  British  Empire. 


221) 


I 


•230 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALL 

1. 

Charles  11. 

5 Guineas. 

916 

647 

592 

$25.48 

2. 

do 

2 do 

916 

258 

236 

10.15 

,3. 

do 

Guinea 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

4. 

do 

J do 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

0. 

do 

20  Shillings. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

6. 

do 

5 do 

916 

32 

29 

1.26 

7. 

do 

20  do 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

s. 

do 

10  do 

916 

(!4 

59 

2.55 

!'. 

Commonwealth. 

20  do 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

10. 

do 

10  do 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

’ll. 

do 

5 do 

916 

32 

29 

1.26 

12. 

Charles  I. 

10  do 

916 

t)4- 

59 

2.55 

13. 

do 

3 Pounds. 

960 

421 

404 

17.39 

14. 

do 

5 Shillings. 

916 

32 

29 

1.26 

15. 

do 

10  do  (Angel). 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

16. 

Commonwealth. 

i Guinea. 

916 

64 

59 

2.55 

17. 

do 

Guinea. 

916 

129 

118 

5.10 

Ii«*rar,  whicli  lies  to  tlie  north  of  Ilaiclarabacl,  was  i)laci'cl  in  the  hands  of  the 
English  by  the  ^sizain,  in  1853,  in  paj'inent  of  arrears  due  to  the  British  Govern- 
ment. The  province  is  fertile  and  yields  the  finest  cotton  grown  in  India.  The 
snridus  revenues,  after  defraying  the  cost  of  administration,  goes  to  the  Nizam  of 
Haidarabad. 

Buioi.ui,  formerly  independent,  exclusive  of  British  Burmah,  is  bounded 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Indiiin  Provice  of  Asstim,  Thibet,  the  Shan  States  iind  China. 
Area  192,000  stituire  miles;  poi)iihition  3,5i)0.0fK) ; llevemie  of  the  King  while 
ruling,  $4,000,000.  Acciuired  by  Great  Britain,  through  cominest,  in  Novem- 
bc-r,  1SS5. 


Native  States  of  India. 
These  States  vary  greatly  in 
size  and  importance.  The}’ 
cover  a total  area  of  500,000 
sejuare  miles  and  a population 
of  55  millions.  Gross  reven- 
ues of  the  chiefs  amount  to 
s80,000,000  annually  and  a 
yearly  tribute  of  $3,025,000 
is  paid  to  Great  Britain-,  lunh- 
mir  commands  important 
trade  routes  to  Central  Asia. 
The  opium  grown  in  Malwa 
{IMkar)  is  a valuable  source 


Tlie  most  important  of  tlic  Native  Princes  are  : 


Native  Pkince.s. 

iSQ.  .M. 

Poe.  I.S81 

ItEVK.NUE 

Nizam  of  Haidarabad 

81.S07 

9.84.5..'i94 

S 8.2)0,000 

Maharaja  Sindia 

SUl'J 

2..'>(IO.OOO 

.i..V)l,V)0 

••  of  Mv.soro 

24.723 

4,18<1.18S 

5,000,000 

rtaekwar  of  HaroUa 

8,570 

2.185,(Kki 

3.000.010 

Maliarajauf  Jaipur 

1.5.2.50 

1,!KI5,0II0 

2,.')00.000 

“ “ Travancor 

0.7.30 

2.311.379 

2.240.315 

“ “ Ka>liinir 

79,748 

1,416,:47H 

3.1kVI.OOO 

“ “ Jodhpur 

a5,(.72 

2,l«H),000 

1.7.50,000 

“ “ llolkar 

8,075 

»C«.4.'8) 

l.tlVI.OOO 

“ Patiala 

5.412 

i.iti7.4;a 

2,400.U)0 

“ “ Ondipiir 

ll.UH 

i.im.4oo 

1..3;iO,ft3.5 

“ ••  Hliurtimr 

1.974 

74.3.710 

1,318, 4WI 

liegnm  of  llbopal 

1.200.(100 

Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  jpINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

.In Mies  I. 

Sovereign.  (lOliq, 

9(i2 

194 

188 

$8.09 

2. 

do 

Half  Crown. 

91(5 

21 

18 

.78 

3. 

do  * 

Thistle  Crown. 

910 

16 

14 

.00 

4. 

do 

Angelet. 

910 

3.5 

32 

1..36 

5. 

do 

Noble,  (Angel.) 

910 

71 

()4 

2.75 

0. 

du 

Laurel,  ( 10  Shillings). 

916 

32 

29 

1.25 

7. 

do 

Laur<^l,  (20Shilling.s). 

910 

65 

58 

2.50 

8. 

Elizabeth. 

i Crown. 

916 

21 

18 

.78 

9. 

do 

i Sovereign. 

916 

21 

18 

.78 

10. 

do 

Pound  Sovereign. 

916 

174 

158 

0.80 

11. 

do 

i of  a Sovereign. 

916 

43 

39 

1.08 

12. 

do 

i Sovereign. 

916 

87 

79 

.3.40 

13. 

do 

Sever,  or  Noble  Double. 

960 

240 

2.30 

9.!i0 

of  revenue  to  the  British  government,  and  eaeh  province  contributes  in  a greater  or 
less  degree  to  swell  the  treasure  of  the  ruling  power.  The  largest  of  the  eighteen 
principalities  is  Jodhpur,  hut  the  most  imporlaut  are  Oudipur  and  Jaipur. 


Provincial  Receipts  and  Expenditures  for  the  Year 
emling  .March  31,  ISisi. 

PuOVIX'CE.S. 

RECEriTS 

Expexd'tks 

India 

Rengal 

N.  Provinces  and  Oiidh. 

Punjab 

Central  Provinces 
Hritish  Burma 
.\s^.aln 
Ma<lras 
Bombay 

S (H.4  I.5..570 
88.7(L’..'rir) 

41.. 311.').2iK> 

22.. 32')..'>!H) 

l:i,.510.4;«) 

4.1S3.S.W 

47.31.3,780 

5:t.22:i.28.> 

$ it!l.(»4.3.l)05 
:iS,!t:!!),.375 
19.812.ikS0  1 
l(),.-).!!l..-)4.> 
4.989.(il() 
7.4(>8..510 
Ztr.'l.lWj 
.30,  UK), 57.5 
4il.0 18.05.5 

England 

4.1.‘)!Ut,70 

70.059..s.t0 

Total 

e:i.-)0.02<i.l-V) 

SCUO.'I'rJ.iHiO  . 

The  Indian  Debt,  on  March  31, 
1884,  stood  at  $40.1, 956,920  in  In- 
dia, and  $340,544,185  in  England. 

To  the  Districts  Behar  and  Be- 
nares, in  Bengal,  the  growth  of 
the  poppy  is  strictly  contined  in 
British  India.  The  juice  is  sent 
to  government  agencies  at  Ghar.i- 
pur  and  Patna  wiiere  it  is  dried 
and  packed  in  chests  of  130  Ihs. 
each;  it  is  then  sent  to  Calcutta  and 
sold  at  monthly  auction.  For  the 
yearending  March  31,  1833,  50,400 
chests  were  sold  for  $3)5,519,02.1. 


Deducting  $11,411,06.1  for  cost  of  cultivation  and  manufacture,  the  net  profit  from 
this  Bengal  “e.vport”  or  “provision”  opium,  was  $24,108,500;  besides  what  was  e.\- 
ported,  $900,185  of  opium  was  issued  to  the  Excise  Department  to  meet  the  con- 


sumption in  India  itself. 

From  Bombay,  also  is  exported  a large  quantity  of  opium  which  is  grown  in  the 
Native  States  of  Central  India,  especially  in  JIalwa,  and  the  drug  is  thus  classed:  a 
duty  of  $:1.10  per  chest  is  levied  upon  it  when  it  enters  British  territory:  the  receipts 
from  this  source  in  18.32-83,  amounted  to  $11,978,345,  which  was  clear  gain  to  the 
government;  nearly  all  this  oiiiuin  is  sent  to  China,  where  it  is  sold  by  that  govern- 


ment to  the  consumers  for  $84,000,000. 


All  im])ort8  to  India  are  now  free,  exceiuing  arms  and  ammunition,  opium,  li- 
(juors  and  salt. 

The  proportion  of  the  foreign  tr.ule  which  passes  through  the  Suez  Canal  in 
creases  steadily,  and  in  1883-84  amounted  to  05.08  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  The  to- 
tal number  of  vessels  which  entered  and  cleared  from  Indian  iK)rts  with  cargoes  in 
this  jieriod  was  10,3,503,  with  a tonnage  of  7,407,342. 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  Gold.  XTX.  ^ 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

wek;ht 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Elizabeth,  1558 

Noble  or  Royal. 

960 

120 
( 40 

115 

38 

4.95 
( 1.68 

2. 

do 

i and  i Anglet. 

960 

{ 20 

19 

1 .82 

3. 

Mary,  (1553.) 

Fine  Sov’rn  or  Il’bl  Royal  960 

240 

230 

9.90 

-1. 

• do 

Noble  or  Royal 

960 

120 

115 

t.95 

5. 

Elizabeth 

.\ngel 

960 

SO 

70 

3.26 

c. 

Philip  and  Mary. 

Anglet. 

960 

40 

3S 

1.63 

7. 

do 

Angel. 

960 

80 

76 

3.26 

K. 

Mary. 

-\nglet. 

960 

40 

38 

1.63 

9. 

do 

-\nglet. 

960 

SO 

7R 

3.26 

♦10. 

Edward  VI. 

Dragon  -\ngel. 

960 

SO 

7(5 

3.26 

11. 

do 

Angel. 

960 

80 

7(5 

3.26 

ISritisli  I'ossessioiis  in  the  Aden,  a peninsula  on  the  south  coast 

of  Arabia  Felix.  The  British  own  the  main  peninsula  and  the  opposite  one  of  Little 
Aden;  also  a strip  recently  purchased,  extending  about  three  miles  inward.  Total 
area,  70  square  miles;  population  (1881),  3.'>,l(io,  including  troops  who  man  the  forti- 
fications. It  is  one  of  the  English  coaling  stations  on  the  Eastern  highway,  alxmt 
1,.')00  ships  visiting  it  yearly.  The  exports  which  are  all  received  from  the  neighbor- 
ing countries,  consist  of  Anibian  and  African  coffee,  African  dyes,  feathers,  gums 
and  hides;  Bed  Sea  Mother-o’ -pearl,  Zanzibar  spices,  Mauritius  sugar  anil  Indian 
tobacco.  The  sea  exiwrts,  in  1882-83,  amounted  to  $7,224, 4.‘)0,  and  the  land  exports, 
to  $307,400.  -Vden  is  subject  to  the  Government  of  Bombay,  and  a small  revenue 
is  obtained  from  stamps,  excise,  opium,  salt  and  arms.  Nothing  is  manufactured 
but  salt. 

Socotni,  an  island  in  the  -Vrabian  Sea,  loO  miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Cape  Guanlafui, 
the  eastern  extremity  of  Africa,  in  the  direct  line  of  communication  with  India. 
-Vi-ea,  about  1,310  square  miles;  jtopulation,  about  4,000;  subject  to  the  Sultan  of 
Keshin,  who,  in  1876,  for  a small  subsidy,  contracted  never  to  cede  the  Socotra  to 
any  foreign  jtower,  or  to  allow  any  settlement  to  be  made  thereon  without  consent 
of  the  British  Government.  This  island  is  famous  for  aloes,  and  the  gum  of  the 
dragon’s  blood  tree  of  which  it  itroduces,  the  finest  in  the  world. 

C’<*.vloii,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  south-west  of  the  peninsula  of  Hindus- 
tan. Area,  24,702  .siptare  miles;  poi)ulation  (1881),  2,758,52!).  It  was  first  settled 
by  colonists  from  the  valley  of  the  Ganges,  B.  C.  543.  Chief  exports:  cinnamon, 
eoir-stuff,  cinchona,  cotfee,  coeoanut  oil,  plumbago  and  tea,  amounting  in  1882  to 
$17,055,670. 

Ilony  K.oiig  C'Frngrant  Slreams”),  an  island  olf  the  .south-east  coast  of 
China,  at  the  mouth  of  Canton  River.  Area,  32  siptare  miles;  population  (1881), 
160,402.  It  is  sepaiated  from  the  main  land  of  China  by  a narrow  strait  (L3--oe-moon 
Bass).  The  opposite  jx  ninsula  Kowloon,  ceded  to  England  in  1861,  forms  jiart  of 
the  eolonv.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world  and  it  military*  and  inival 


235 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OK 

COIN. 

GRAINS' 

PURE 

Gold.  | 

VALU 

1. 

E.lward  IV. 

Fine  Sovereign. 

916 

240 

219 

9.42 

do 

Sovereign. 

916 

169 

155 

6.67 

5. 

Henry  VIII. 

do 

950 

200 

190 

8.17 

4. 

do 

St.  George  Noble. 

960 

71 

67 

2.88 

5. 

Edward  VI. 

i Sovereign. 

916 

21 

19 

.82 

(). 

do 

J do 

916 

81 

77 

3.. 30 

7, 

do 

i Angel. 

916 

40 

36 

1..34 

8. 

do 

1 Sovereign. 

916 

42 

38  i 

1.66 

9. 

Henry  VIII. 

1 Angel. 

916 

20 

18 

.77 

10. 

do 

Crown. 

916 

57 

52 

2.23 

n. 

Henry  VII. 

Noble  or  Royal. 

960 

120 

115 

4.''5 

12. 

do 

Sovereign. 

960 

240 

230 

9.'0 

station  for  tlie  protection  of  British  commerce;  the  centre  of  trade  in  many  kinds  of 
produce — cliietly  opium,  sugar,  flour,  oil,  amber,  cotton,  ivory,  betel,  sandalwood, 
rice,  tea,  Avoollens,  silks,  salt,  etc.  It  is  a free  port,  has  splendid  docks,  and  is  forti- 
fied. In  1882,  shipping  aggregating  .’5,000,000  tons,  entered  this  port.  Tlie  exports 
to  Great  Britain,  in  1883,  amounted  to  $.‘),859,930. 

Labiiaii,  an  island  of  the  ^lalay  Archipelago,  about  six  mile.s  off  the  north- 
west coast  of  Borneo.  Area,  30  square  miles;  itopulation,  about  0,000.  There  is  a 
fine  harbor.  The  trade  consists  in  exchange  of  cloth,  rice,  crockery,  ironware,  etc., 
for  the  produce  of  Borneo  and  near  islands;  gutta-percha,  india-rubber,  binls’  nests, 
canes,  beche-de-mer,  wa.x,  etc.;  sago  flour  is  also  manufactured,  which,  with  the 
jungle  produce,  forms  the  export,  chiefly  to  Singapore  for  the  European  and  Chinese 
markets.  Exports,  1882,  $3,055, .’52.'5. 

]>Iaiiritiiis  is  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  cast  of  Madagascar,  with  the 
Seychelles  groupe  940  miles  distant;  Rodrigues  300  miles  distant,  and  about  GO  other 
small  dependencies,  have  a total  area  of  1,054  square  miles;  population,  about  370,- 
000.  Port  Louis,  the  capital,  has  a spacious  harbor.  Products:  sugar,  rum,  vanilla, 
and  aloe  fibre.  The  entire  trade  of  the  island  of  ^lauritius,  amounts  to  nearly  $30,- 
( 00,000;  ex)>orts  to  Great  Britain  in  1883,  $2,074,705. 

Straits  Settleiiieiit.s.  These  derive  their  name  from  their  situation  in  the 
Straits  of  Malacca,  and  comprise  Singapore,  Penang,  Province  Wellesley  and  5Ia- 
lacea.  Total  area,  1,400  square  miles;  population  400,000. 

Singapore  is  an  island  off  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  Area, 
223  square  miles;  population  155,000.  Tlte  town  of  Singaimre,  the  seat  of  govern 
ment  for  all  the  settlements,  is  a great  commercial  and  shipping  emporium,  well 
fortified  with  excellent  docks.  It  is  a free  port,  no  duties  arc  levied  u|)on  anj’thing, 
opium  and  spirit  trade  are  farmed  out  to  the  Chinese. 

Pvnnng,  or  Prince  of  Wales  Island,  is  off  the  west  coast  of  the  5Ialaj'  peninsula. 
Area,  101’  suuare  miles;  jjopulation,  including  Wellesley,  212,000. 


9 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

Ileury  VI. 
Edward  IV. 
Henry  VI. 
Edward  III. 
Edward  IV. 
do 

Henry  VI. 
Richard  1 1. 


COIN. 


Noble. 

•Vngel. 

do 

i Florin, 
i Angel, 
i Noble. 

J .\ngel. 

1 Noble. 


FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

1 

VALUi:.  I 

900 

120 

115 

4.95 

960 

80 

76 

3.26 

960 

80 

76 

3.26 

900 

27 

25 

1.07 

900 

•to 

38 

1.62 

900 

60 

57i 

2 49 

900 

•to 

38 

1.62 

9(i0 

30 

28 

1.19 

«•  ..  IS  tiAiani. 

area  of"  « Peninsula,  with 

arca  of.0  < 3,  square  tatlea  (mcdud.ng  Cape  Breton  Island),  one-filth  part  of  which 

consists  of  lakes,  rivers,  and  inlets  of  the  sea.  It  is  connected  with  New  Brunswick 
b\  a low.  fertile  isthmu.s.  Total  population  (1881).  440..o72.  The  harbor  of  Halifa.x 
vihe  capita  ) ts  not  surpas.sed  by  any  in  the  world.  It  is  the  principal  naval  station 
of  Great  Briton  in  North  America,  and  an  c.vtensive  dock-vard  is  there  located 
( oa  and  iron  ores  are  plentiful.  The  fisheries  are  upon  the  eastern  coast.  C„j>, 
nreton  Island,  un;nimr.xU-^\  with  Nova  Scotia,  hasan  areaofd.  120 square  miles  and 
a jiopulation  ot  .M.202.  Sidney  is  its  principal  town. 

•tot  ‘square  miles;  population  (1^81) 

d,l  .1  Its  fore.st  products  and  li.dieries  furui.sh  a revenue  for  the  inhabitants  Coal 
IS  abundant;  antimony,  copper,  iron,  mansanese.  and  other  valuable  minerals  are 
touml  in  considerable  quant  itie.s.  The  chief  city  is  St.  .lohn.  Capital.  Fredricton. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Province  Wellesley,  on  the  main  land,  opposite  Penang,  is  a strip  of  coast,  about 
45  miles  in  length,  with  some  land  south  of  the  Krian  River,  and  a large  district 
called  the  Dindings.  It  has  an  area  of  270  stpiare  miles,  is  under  the  authorities  of 
Penang,  and  in  a high  state  of  cultivation,  compared  with  the  neighboring  territory. 

C.vprus,  an  island  of  the  Levant,  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea, 
about  50  miles  from  t lie  coast  of  Asia  Elinor,  and  GO  miles  from  its  north-east  ex- 
tremity to  the  port  of  Latakia  on  the  Sj’rian  coast,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
submarine  telegraph  cable;  the  distance  to  Port  Said  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sue/, 
('anal,  is  240  miles.  Area,  estimated  4,000  scpiare  miles,  with  population  in  18S1,  of 
185,870.  The  principal  productions  are  cotton,  wine,  grain,  carobs  (or  locust  beans), 
and  fruits.  In  olden  times  it  was  celebrated  for  its  mineral  wealth,  the  copjier  being 
of  suiierior  grade;  the  mines  were  long  abandoned,  but  are  now  being  again  worked; 
large  quantities  of  salt  are  obtained  from  salt  lakes  iiearLarknaka.  Exports:  cotton, 
wine,  salt,  locust-beaus,  wheat,  barley,  wool,  silk,  spirit,  sponges  and  raisins. 
Cyprus  still  forms  part  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  hut  the  government  is  administered 
by  England,  and  will  be  while  Russia  holds  Hatoum  and  Kars.  The  Sublime  Por'.e 
receives  a 3'early  subsidj’  of  $438,4t30.  In  1883,  the  exports  amounted  to  $1,451,050. 

Ontario  and  Quebec,  or  Canada  Proper.  The  area  of  these  two  pro- 
vinces is  290,421  scpiare  miles  (Ontario  101,733:  Quebee  188,088);  Upper  or  'Western 
Canada  is  now  Ontario,  Lower  or  Eastern  Canada  is  (Quebec;  and  these  are  sepa- 
rated by  the  river  Ottawa.  (Quebee  also  includes  the  Isle  of  Anticosti  and  the  Mag- 
dalen Islands  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Tlie  inhabitants  of  Lower  (Canada  are 
niosth'  of  French  descent;  those  of  Upper  Canada  chiefly  British.  The  limber  trade 
has  long  been,  and  still  is,  the  most  valuable  of  its  commerce,  though  agriculture 
and  cattle  raising  are  fast  growing  in  imiiortance;  the  fisheries  also  jdeld  great  reve- 
nues. The  mineral  resources  are  not  fully  developed,  but  a large  section,  espcciallv 
the  shores  of  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Huron  produee  gold,  silver,  cobalt,  iron,  lead, 
zinc  and  copper;  sandstone,  limestone,  slate,  and  marbles  of  every  color  are  found. 
Petroleum  is  produced  in  large  quantities.  Agriculture  receives  most  attention  in 
Ontario,  and  farm  products  as  exports,  are  divided  about  equally  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain;  Montreal,  (Quebec,  and  Toronto  being  the  great  cen- 
tres of  distribution.  Kingston  occupies  a relation  to  the  Lake  trade,  similar  to  that 
of  Quebec  with  the  sea,  Toronto  being  second  in  sharing  this  commerce.  Montreal 
commands  a vast  overland  sj'stem  of  communication  b}'  canal  and  railway. 

THE  DO.MIXION  OF  CANADA,  since  1867,  a confederated  govern- 
ment, embracing  the  British  North  American  Provinces  of  Ontario,  Quebec,  New 
Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  iManitoba,  British  Columbia,  North-AVest  Territorj',  Van- 
couver’s and  Prince  Edward  Islands.  This  territoiy,  about  as  large  as  Europe, 
stretches  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  area  is  estimated  at  3,580, 
290  S(piare  miles.  Its  exports  are  agricultural  products,  animals,  and  ])roduce 
thereof;  woods  and  lumber,  fish,  manufactured  goods  and  gold,  silver,  copper,  co- 
balt, iron,  zinc,  lead,  siindstones,  limestone,  slate  and  marbles,  amounting  in  1883 
to  $93,407,072.  Population,  4,352,080.  There  is  no  mint  in  Canada.  In  1882 
(latest  rei)ort)  of  gold  coin  and  gold  bullion  there  was  imported  $1,228,752;  and  ex- 
ported $47G,  192;  of  silver  coin  and  silver  bullion  there  was  no  export,  and  the 
import  amounted  to  $880,000.  $950,000  of  gold  was  produced  the  same  I'car 

from  the  mines.  Tlie  i>aper  cireulation  outst:md!ug  was.  Government,  $lG,115,t)S4, 
banks,  $3G,501.G95.  The  average  of  duty  on  all  imi)orted  commodities,  subject  to 
duty,  was  17.5  per  cent,  in  1883. 


240 


SUver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

wek;ht 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE 

I. 

Victoria. 

Crown. 

925 

436 

403 

.84 

2. 

do 

Crown. 

92 1 

435 

403 

.84 

3. 

George  IV. 

Crown. 

928 

434 

403 

.84 

4. 

do 

1 Crown. 

!>25 

218 

201 

> .42 

5. 

Victoria. 

4 Crown. 

!»25 

218 

201 

.42 

6. 

George  IV. 

' 4 Crown. 

925 

218 

201 

.42 

7. 

Victoria. 

6 Pence. 

925 

434 

40 

.08 

8. 

do 

1 Penny. 

925 

7 

6 

.01 

9. 

William  IV. 

14  Pence. 

925 

104 

9 

.014 

10. 

do 

2 Pence. 

925 

14 

12 

.02 

11. 

Victoria. 

Florin. 

925 

1744 

162 

.33 

12. 

do 

14  Pence. 

1^25 

104 

9 

.014 

13. 

do 

2 Pence. 

925 

14 

12 

.02 

Manitoba  (formerly  the  Red  River  Settlement)  is  situated  about  the  middle 
of  the  continent.  The  Canadian  Pacifie  U.  U.,  when  comi)leted,  will  give  an  im- 
portant impetus  to  the  rapid  develoinnent  of  this  province,  which  will  become  a great 
agricultural  country.  Area  123,000  square  miles;  population  (1883),  12.1.000.  Ca- 
pital, Winnipeg. 

Prince  Edward  Island  is  divided  into  three  counties  (King’s,  Queen’s, 
and  Prince).  Area  2,133  square  miles;  population  (1881),  108,001.  Agriculture, 
fishing  and  raising  of  horses  and  sheep  are  the  principal  occupations  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. Capital,  Charlottetown. 

British  Columbia,  on  the  west  coast  of  North  America  and  between  it  and 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  includes  Vancouver  Island  and  Queen  Charlotte’s  Isles. 
Total  area,  341,305  square  miles;  population  (estimated),  49,450.  It  produces  gold, 
fine  timber  and  coal.  The  fur  trade  is  most  extensive,  the  skins  exported  being 
chiefly  those  of  the  mink,  marten,  sable,  silver-fox,  bear,  beaver,  sea  and  land  otter, 
seal,  deer  and  elk,  with  others  of  minor  value.  Vancouver  Island  has  an  area  of  12,- 
.500  square  miles,  mostly  mountain  and  barren  rock.  Coal  is  abundant.  Capital, 
V’ictoria. 

North-West  Territory  comi)rises  nearly  the  whole  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica from  the  confines  of  the  United  Stales  to  the  most  northerly  part  of  the  continent 
and  the  archipelago  of  islands  beyond.  Area  (estimated),  2,ti()5,252  square  miles; 
population,  6(i,44(>.  The  fur  trade  until  recently  was  almost  the  sole  occupation  ot 
the  inhabitants;  the  country  is  adminibly  adapted  to  agriculture  and  stock-mis- 
ing.  It  has  large  mineral  deiwls  ; gold,  iron,  and  coal  have  been  found.  Capital, 
Regina. 

Pistrlct  of  Kcewatiii,  formed  out  of  the  North-5\est  Territories.  Area, 
about  .5(M).0()0  square  miles,  of  which  only  30,000  are  fit  for  culture.  Population, 
about  10,000.  Under  the  governor  of  Manitoba. 

New  Fonii(llaii(l,  an  Island  on  the  north-east  sideol  the  (lulf  of  8t.  Lawrence. 
.\rca,  40,200  square  miles;  population  (1874),  l(il,380.  Export  of  coilfish,  cod  and 
seal  oils,  seal  skins,  and  copper  ore,  amounted  in  188.1  to  8.i,8i.),0<K).  Tlie  industiies 
are  agriculture,  fishing  and  mining,  all  confined  to  the  sea  coast. 


241 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Silver.  XIX. 


ir, 


212 


SUver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

TERIOU 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VAI.l’E. 

1. 

George  III. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

80 

.10 

O 

do 

6 Pence. 

925 

43 

40 

.08 

3. 

George  IV. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

80 

.10 

4. 

do 

Lion  Shilling. 

925 

87 

80 

.10 

5. 

do 

Lion  6 Pence. 

925 

43 

40 

.08 

6. 

do 

4 Pence. 

925 

28 

20 

.05 

4 . 

William  IV. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

,80 

.10 

3. 

Victoria. 

4 Pence. 

925 

28 

20 

.05 

V. 

( Jeorge  III. 

1 and  2 Pence. 

925 

f.i 

{.? 

.01 

.02 

10. 

do 

3 Pence. 

925 

oo 

20 

.04 

11. 

George  IV. 

Penny. 

925 

7 

6 

.01 

12. 

do 

2 Pence. 

925 

14 

12 

.02 

1 !. 

do 

3 Pence. 

925 

T2 

20 

.04 

1 1. 

Victoria. 

4 Pence. 

925 

28 

20 

.05 

1.1. 

William  IV. 

6 Pence. 

925 

43 

40 

.08 

n;. 

George  III. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

80 

.10 

17. 

do 

6 Pence. 

925 

13 

40 

.08 

is. 

do 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

80 

.16 

10. 

George  IV. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

SO 

.10 

20. 

do 

6 Pence. 

925 

43 

4 ) 

.08 

21. 

do 

6 Pence. 

925 

43 

40 

.08 

22. 

Victoria. 

Shilling. 

925 

87 

SO 

.16 

23. 

do 

3 Pence. 

925 

‘>2 

20 

.04 

T.,abra(lor,  a dc]iendcncy  of  New  Foundland.  forms  the  most  easterly  jwrt  of 

America.  Capital,  St.  Johns. 

liritisli  Guiana  includes  the  settlements  of  Demenira,  Essecpiiho,  and  Her- 
hice;  situated  on  the  nortli  coast  of  South  America.  Area  (estimated),  S.),tMX)  s(iuare 
miles;  ])opulation  (18S2),  257, 47J.  The  Corentyn  separates  it  from  Dutch  Guiana. 

The  chief  ])roduct  is  sugar,  the  finest  known,  and  this  forms  92  jier  cent,  of  the  ex- 
jiorts.  Coffee,  cotton,  rum  and  timber  are  also  produced.  Total  exports  (1R82), 
1*10,042,155.  There  are  hut  two  townsof  conseipience.  Georgetown,  thecaiiital,  and 
New  Amsterdam. 

liritisli  Homlnras,  in  Central  Amerk-a  on  the  .Atlantic  Ocean,  is  hounded 
north  hy  Yucatan  and  Mexico,  west  and  south  hy  Guatemala,  and  east  by  theCarih- 
hcan  Sea.  Area,  7,562  sipiare  miles;  i)0])ulation  (1H81),  27,452,  Stajile  jiroducts, 
mahogany,  logwood  and  other  valuable  timber;  sugar  and  eotfee,  fruits  and  cocoa, 
india  rubber,  sarsaiiarilla  and  medicinal  plants.  Total  exports  (18H2),  $1,514,245. 
Capital,  Belize. 

Austral- Asia  comprises  a vast  number  of  islands,  chiefly  in  the  southern 
hemisjihere,  between  the  Pacitic  and  Indian  Oceans.  'I’he  whole  of  the  British  colo- 
nies in  this  area,  including  Fiji  (but  excluding  New  Guinea),  is  estimated  to  contain 
2,082,770  square  miles,  and  about  3,100,000  inhabitants. 

Australia,  the  largest  island  in  the  world,  forms  the  main  jiortion  of  .Austral- 
asia. It  covers  an  area  of  2,944,028  square  miles,  and  its  jiopulation  in  18.S4,  was 
estimated  at  2,290,223.  It  is  a rich  grazing  country,  adapted  peculiarily  to  the  raz- 


213 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Silver.  XIX.  , 


lez* 


OXE 

SHILUN% 


^ ONE  ^ 
.SHILlING'j 


ld34^ 


,M5fl 


h»it7T' 


' SIX  . 
PtNCE 


‘«2 


mg 

6 

^ -1 

ll 

S^yT 

k 

M >/ 

Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALL 

1. 

George  III. 

Crown. 

92.1 

436 

403 

..84 

2, 

George  I. 

do 

917 

463 

444 

.92 

.3. 

George  III. 

J do 

925 

215 

198 

.41 

4. 

George  II. 

J do 

924 

231 

213 

.44 

5. 

do 

1,  2,  3 and  4 Pence. 

Value  .012,  .03J,  .05S  & .071  cts. 

6. 

George  IV. 

Crown. 

926 

4.34 

401 

..83 

7. 

George  II. 

do 

925 

4:16 

403 

.84 

iiig  of  slieei),  of  which  in  1S82  there  wen?  over  71,000,000.  Minerals  comprise  gold, 
silver,  copper,  mercury,  tin,  zinc,  iron  and  coal.  It  is  divid(?d  into  five  colonics; 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  Queensland,  South  Australia  and  Western  Australia. 
The  totals  for  all  Australasia  in  1883,  stood:  Public  debt,  §41)6,008,410;  revenue  6109, - 
555,075;  expenditures,  $100,284,115;  imports  $319,221,70.');  exports,  $253,166,675. 

New  Soutli  "Wales.  Area,  about  310,700  square  miles;  iwpulation  (1883), 
840,614.  liich  in  agriculti  ral  produce  and  stock  of  all  kinds;  sheep  alone  estimated 
at  32,000,000.  In  1882,  543,596  gallons  of  wine  were  manufactured.  Of  wool,  the 
great  staple,  153,351,354  lbs.  were  exported  in  1882.  It  also  furnishes  gold,  silver, 
coal,  iron,  copper,  tin,  antimonj',  kerosene,  cotton  and  tobacco.  In  1883  the  total 
exports  amounted  to  $83,584,805.  At  Sidney,  the  capital,  is  a Royal  Mint.  Xorfolk 
Ixlnnd,  the  home  of  the  descendants  of  the  ^lutineers  of  the  Bounty,  removed  from 
Pitcairn’s  Island,  is  under  the  authorities  of  New  South  Wales. 

Victoria  comprises  the  south-east  corner  of  Australia;  its  coast  line  extends 
nearly  700  miles;  total  area  87,884  square  miles.  Population  (.Ian.  1st,  1884),  931,- 
900.  It  is  the  i)rincipal  gohl-producing  colony  of  the  island,  and  from  the  discovery 
of  gold  in  1851,  to  the  end  of  188.3,  the  amount  mined,  at  $20  per  ounce,  amounted  in 
value  to  $1,044,252,500;  other  minerals,  chiefly  tin  and  antimony  raised  during  the 
same  period  are  estimated  at  $4,000,000.  The  sheep  in  this  colony  in  1884,  num- 
bered 10,800,000,  and  the  wool  exported  was  56,000,000  Ihs.  Agriculture  and  manu- 
factures are  in  a flourishing  condition.  Melbourne,  the  capital,  is  ])ossessed  of  a mint 
and  all  the  public  buildings  which  mark  advanced  civilization  and  culture.  Balla- 
rat, Sandhurst  and  Geelong  are  the  other  important  towns. 

South  Australia  is  somewhat  of  a misnomer,  for,  since  1863  the  boundaries 
of  this  colony  have  included  the  entire  centre  of  the  Australian  continent  from  noUh 
to  south,  comprising  an  area  of  90:1,690  square  miles,  with  population  (on  .lune  1st, 
18.84)  of  307,917,  exclusive  of  aborigines.  It  is  an  agricultural  and  iiastoral  inovince; 
breadstufl's  and  wool  eon.stituting  three-fourths  of  its  exports;  in  1882 of  native-grown 
wiM)l  was  exi)orted,  42,000,000  lbs. ; of  bread  stuffs,  242,261  tons,  and  minemls  amount- 
ing to  $2, 105,720.  Vine  culture  and  the  mising  of  horses,  sheep  and  cattle  are  im- 
portant, and  growing  pursuits.  Mining  is  actively  pushed,  copper  being  the  chief 
mineral;  the  Moonta,  Wallaro  and  Hurra  mines  being  the  most  extensive.  Total  e.v- 
lH)rts  (188:1-84),  $25,688,400.  Ca])ital,  Adelaide. 

Qtu*eiislaii(l  has  an  area  of  668,224  .square  miles,  and  population  in  1883,  of 
287,475.  Its  climate  is  such  that  the  j)roductions  of  both  temperate  and  tropical 
countries  can  be  cultivated  with  success,  37,000  tons  of  sugar  were  produced  in  1883. 
Kxports  consist  of  wool,  gold,  tin,  cop|)cr,  arrow  root,  jireserved  meats,  beehe-de- 
mer,  rum,  sugar  and  timber,  amounting  in  188:i,  to  $26,38‘1,040;  gold,  copper,  tin. 


21.') 


GREAT  BRITAIN 


Silver 


L 


24G 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

George  II. 

Crown. 

<124 

464 

429 

.89 

2_ 

George  I. 

Crown. 

924 

4G4 

429 

.89 

3. 

Anna. 

Crown. 

924 

464 

429 

.89 

4. 

William  III. 

Crown. 

924 

464 

429 

.89 

5&C 

George  I. 

1,2,  3A4Pence. 

920 

61,  13 
191,  26 

6,  12 
18,  24 

.01, 

.03, 

.02 

.04 

7. 

George  I. 

Shilling. 

925 

86 

80 

.16 

8. 

do 

i Crown. 

924 

232 

214 

.44 

£*. 

William  and  Mary. 

i Crown. 

924 

232 

214 

.44 

10. 

do 

6 Pence. 

924 

43 

40 

.08 

leucl,  quicksilver,  antimony  and  coal  mines  are  in  sevenil  districts,  many  of  the  in- 
digenous plants  possess  remarkable  medicinal  properties;  the  pasturage  is  of  the 
best.  In  188.3,  there  were  in  the  colony  230,154  horses;  4,246,141  cattle;  11,507,475 
sheep.  Capital,  Brisbane. 

New  Guinea,  also  called  is  next  to  Austndia  the  largest  Island  on 

the  globe.  It  lies  about  80  miles  north  of  Queensland,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  Torres  Strait,  and  the  area  is  computed  at  303,230  stpiare  miles;  the  inhabitants 
are  aborigines  now  undergoing  missionarj'  treatment.  The  island  was  formerly 
taken  ]iossession  of  in  the  name  of  the  Queen  of  England  and  the  government  of 
Queensland,  on  April  4,  1883. 

AV'osterii  Australia,  formerly  the  “Swan  River  Settlement,”  includes  all  of 
tl-.e  continent  W.  of  long.  1290  E.  Area,  975,824  square  miles,  mostly  covered  with 
lieavy  growth  of  rare  and  valuable  timber.  In  certain  districts  the  vine,  olive  and 
tig  are  cultivated;  silk  growing  is  a nourishing  industry  and  there  are  sections 
of  good  wheat-growing  soil;  magnetic-iron,  lead,  copper  and  zinc  ores  are  found  in 
large  quantities.  The  exports  are  of  wool,  jarnih  timber,  lead,  copper  ore,  whale 
oil,  guano,  sandalwood,  pearls  and  j>earl  shells,  and  they  amounted,  in  1882,  to  $2, - 
915,275.  Capital,  Perth. 

New  XetilcXnd,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  is  North  Island.  Area,  45,68i 
square  miles;  Middle  Island,  57,579  square  miles;  Stewart’s  Island,  760  stpiare 
miles  (and  only  295  inhabitants),  and  an  adjacent  group  named  the  Chatham  Island.>., 
containing  377  s<iuare  miles;  these  all  constitute  the  colony  of  New  Zealand,  ^^ilh 
total  area  of  104,403  square  miles,  and  (in  January,  1884),  540,877;  every  fruit, 
llower  and  edible  flourishing  in  Great  Britain  can  here  be  raised.  Some  very  valua- 
ble timbers  are  peculiar  to  this  island;  wool  is  largely  produced;  gold  has  been  found 
in  many  districts,  and  a rich  iron  ore,  in  the  form  of  iron  sand  exists  in  Taranaki, 
coal  is  widely  distributed,  and  copper  is  met  with  in  several  sections.  Exports, 
1883,  $35,500,000.  Capital,  AVellinglon,  in  the  North  Island. 

'r.isiiiciuiii)  an  island  oil  the  south  end  ol  Australia  (in  the  bouth  Pacific 
Ocean),  separated  from  it  by  Bass’s  Stmits,  in  which  are  the  Furneuux  Group  ami 
King  Island,  included  in  the  colony.  Area,  26,215  scpiare  miles;  estimated  popula- 
tion (Jan.  1st.  1884),  126,220.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  covered  with  forests 
of  large  and  beautiful  woods.  Chief  products,  wool,  gold,  tin  and  fruits.  Iron-ore 
exists  in  most  districts,  and  coal  is  very  gener.dly  distributed.  Exports  (188.3), 
$7,936,945. 


247 


t 


SUver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD  1 

OR  SECTION.  1 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

William  aiul  Mary. 

C lown. 

<JJ4 

404 

429 

.M) 

2. 

Charles  II. 

do 

924 

404 

42lt 

.3. 

Cromwell. 

<lo 

924 

4fi4 

429 

4. 

Commonwealth. 

do 

924 

404 

429 

.S9 

5. 

Jame.s  11. 

4 Pence. 

iiOO 

32 

.00 

(i. 

do 

( ’rown. 

924 

404 

4-:;» 

7, 

Charles  11. 

Penny. 

900 

« ‘ 

7 

.01  i 

a. 

(Pattern,  H,  Pillars) 

ti  Pence, 

924 

4H 

44 

.09 

0. 

Commonwealth. 

2 Penee. 

900 

1.5 

13 

.02i 

10. 

do 

6 Penee. 

924 

4b 

44 

.09  ^ 

Fiji  Islands,  a group  of  225  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  1,100  miles 
north  ofXew  Zealand,  extending  300  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  240  miles  north  to 
south,  80  of  which  are  said  to  be  inhabited.  Estimated  gross  area,  8,034si|uaremiles. 
.Vll  are  of  volcanic  origin,  with  loft  mountainsand  well  wooded.  The  principal  are 
Viti  LeVu  (Great  Fiji),  and  Vanua  Lovu  (Great  Land),  each  about  300  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. The  island  of  Rotuniiih  was  tinnexed  in  1881.  Vegetation  is  remark- 
ahly  luxuriant,  the  chief  productions  being  the  breadfruit  tree,  banana,  plantain,  co- 
eoanut,  sugar-cane  and  arrowroot.  Cotton,  sugar,  pearl-shells,  maize,  bechc-de-mer, 
and  copra  and  cocoanut  oil  arc  the  chief  exports,  amounting  in  1883,  to  ?1,7.50,0!)0. 
Population  (1883),  Europeans,  3,513;  native.s,  110,000;  East  Indian  and  Polynesian 
laborers,  10,381.  Capital,  Suva,  in  the  island  of  Viti  Levu. 

Hritisli  Po.sse.ssions  in  the  AVest  Indies.  The  "West  Indies  are  an  im- 
men.-^e  number  of  islands  and  islets,  about  1,000,  some  of  them  mere  rocks,  forming 
an  archipelago  between  Xorih  and  South  America,  sepamling  the  Caribbean  Sea 
from  the  Gulf  of  Alexieo  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  divided  into  four  groups: 
1,  the  Bahamas,  south  east  of  I'lorida,  extending  toward  Ilayti ; 2,  the  Greater  An- 
tilles, between  the  Bahamas  and  Central  America,  comprising  Cuba,  Ilayti,  Jamaica, 
and  Porto  Bieo,  with  a few  neighboring  i.slels;  3,  the  Lesser  Antilles  or  Caribbe  I.s- 
lar.ds,  extending  in  a crescent  from  Porto  Rico  to  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco;  by  some 
c:illcd  collectively  the  Windward  Lslands;  by  others,  and  the  English  government, 
dii'idi'd  into  the  Leeward  and  Windward  islands,  respectively  north  and  south  of  la- 
titute  15 -;  and  4,  the  group  off  the  coast  of  Venezuela  (the  Leeward  islands  of  the 
Spanish  explorers).  To  Great  Britian  belongs:  the  Bahama.s,  Jamaica,  and  most  of 
the  Lesser  Antilles;  area,  13,754  scpiare  miles;  j)opulation  about  1,250,000.  Ilayti  is 
indei)cndent.  (.>iba.  Porta  Rico,  and  dependences  belong  to  Spain.  France  owns 
Guadaloupe,  Pesirade,  Jlartinicpie,  Alarie  Galante,  Lcs  Saintes,  X.  part  of  St. 
Alartin’s,  all  in  the  Lesser  Antilles.  Curaeoa,  Buen  At're,  Oruba,  Los- Ro<iues,  St. 
Eustatius,  Saba  and  S.  ]>art  St.  Martin’s  (Le.sser  Antilles),  arc  possessions  of  Holland. 
St.  John’s,  St.  Thomas  and  Santa  Cruz  (Virgin  Islands)  arc  under  Denmark.  St. 
Bartholomew  (Lesser  Antilles)  is  ruled  by  Sweden;  and  Margarita,  Tortuga  and  a 
few  more  off  Venezuela,  belong  to  that  coiintrj'.  The  total  area  is  08, .554,  with  {lojuila- 
tion  of  4,222,207.  Tlie  total  exports,  in  1881,  amounted  to  $28,028,020. 

Jamaica  (aboriginally  Xaymara,  or  Land  of  Wood  and  Water)  lies  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  about  90  miles  to  the  south  of  Cuba.  Area,  4,103  square  miles; 
population  (1881),  580,804;  most  of  the  staple  products  of  the  troities  are  raised. 


219 


25U 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE 

1. 

Charles  I. 

Oxford  Crown. 

915 

465 

429 

.89 

2. 

do 

Siege  Crown. 

900 

460 

414 

.86 

.3. 

do 

Oxford  20  Shillings. 

924 

1860 

1717 

3.56 

4. 

James  I. 

i Shilling. 

920 

46 

42 

.08 

5. 

C'harle.s  I. 

Sixpence. 

900 

46 

42 

.08 

i). 

James  I. 

Shilling. 

925 

92 

85 

.17 

f . 

do 

do 

92 

92 

85 

.17 

8. 

do 

Penny. 

900 

8 

7 

.m 

9. 

do 

Half  Penny. 

(KX) 

4 

3 

.01 

10. 

do 

i Groat. 

900 

15 

13 

.03 

Exi>orts:  sugar,  rum,  coffee,  fruit,  ])imento,  dye  and  oilier  woods,  amounting  in 
1882,  to  $7,745,240.  Kingston,  the  largest  port  and  town,  is  the  capital.  Turks  and 
Caicos  (Cayos  or  Keys),  jiart  of  the  Bahama  group,  annexed  to  Jamaica  in  187:5, 
from  which  the  principal  island.  Grand  Turk,  is  4:50  miles  distant.  They  have  an 
area  of  about  223  square  miles,  iKipulation  (1881),  4,770. 

Trinidad,  the  most  southerly  of  the  AV.  I.  Islands.  Area,  1,754  square  miles; 
population  (1881),  153,128;  the  best  harbor  in  the  West  Indies;  an  asphalte  lake,  90 
acres  in  extent,  near  the  village  of  La  Brea,  contains  a seemingly  inexhaustible  sup-  • 
ply  of  that  article.  Products:  sugar,  cocoa,  molasses,  rum,  coffee,  cocoauuts, 
pitch,  various  woods  and  choicest  fruits;  coal  is  found  in  Manzanilla.  Exinirls 
(1883),  $13,433,350.  Chief  town  and  port  of  entry,  “Port  of  Spain.” 

The  Leeward  Ishmds,  those  under  British  authority,  are  Antigua,  Mont- 
serrat, St.  Christopher,  Nevis,  Dominica  and  the  Virgin  Islands,  forming  part  of  the 
group  of  the  Lesser  Antilles.  These  six,  jireviously  .separate  colonies,  were  formed 
into  one  in  1871.  The  Federal  colony  contains  about  119,54(5  inhabitants;  the  reve- 
nue is  $578,320.  Antigua  is  the  most  important  of  the  confederation.  Area,  about 
108  square  miles;  poimlation  (1881),  :54,000.  Exports:  molasses,  rum,  sugar,  tama- 
rinds, arrowroot  and  cotton,  amounting  in  1883,  to  $1,11:5,380.  Principal  town,  St. 
John.  Barbuda  is  30  miles  north  of  Antigua,  and  a depi'iulency  thereof  Area,  75 
square  miles,  popalalion  900.  Flat  and  fertile,  jiroducing  corn,  cotton,  pepper  and 
tobacco. 

Monserrat,  27  miles  south-west  of  Antigua.  Area,  47  square  miles.  Two- 
thirds  of  this  island  are  mountainous  and  barren;  the  rest  is  well  cultivated.  Ex- 
ports (1883),  $157,470.  St.  Christopher' s,  popularly  called  St.  Kitts,  about  40  miles 
west  of  Antigua.  Area,  08  square  miles;  ixqnilation  (1881),  41,000;  sulphur  is 
found  in  its  mountains;  sugar,  rum  and  molasses  are  the  only  prcKluclions.  P5xports 
(188:5),  $1,101,3:55.  AVn.t,  which  is  but  a single  mountain  rising  3, 2(K)  feet  above 
the  sea,  has  an  area  of  45  square  miles.  Anguilla  (or  Little  Snake)  is  about  00  miles 
north-east  of  St.  Kitts,  of  which  it  is  a dependence.  Area,  35  sipiare  miles;  popu- 
lation, 100  whites,  2,(573  blacks;  salt  and  idiosphate  of  lime,  cattle  and  garden  stock 
are  the  only  productions.  Dominica,  or  Dominique,  the  largest  island  of  the  confed- 
eration, 95  miles  south  of  Antigua,  has  area  of  290  srpiare  miles,  and  inipulation  in 
1881,  of 28,211.  Princiiial  productions:  sugar,  coffee,  cocoa,  cotton,  tobacco,  molas- 
ses, rum,  lime  juice,  fruit,  and  cabinet  wikkIs.  Exports  (1883),  $310,420.  The  Vir- 


251 


r'  -v-'j* 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  Silver.  XIX. 


252 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

1 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

CiRAl.NSj 
PURE  1 

Silver] 

VALUE. 

1. 

( liarles  11. 

Half  Crown. 

921 

2.32 

214 

.41 

2. 

George  II. 

Six  Pence. 

900 

46 

42 

,0  s 

.3. 

Charles  II. 

Four  Pence. 

900 

32 

28 

.06 

4. 

George  IV. 

Half  Crown. 

925 

218 

201 

.37 

5. 

George  HI. 

Crown. 

925 

435 

403 

.75 

6. 

William  IV’. 

Three  Pence. 

925 

22 

20 

.04 

7. 

Charles  II. 

Penny. 

900 

8 

7 

.01  i 

8. 

Charles  H. 

Two  Pence. 

900 

15 

1.3 

.02i 

9. 

Charles  II. 

Three  Pence. 

924 

24 

.041 

10. 

William  IV. 

Four  Pence. 

925 

28 

26 

.05 

11. 

Charles  II. 

Shilling. 

925 

Si) 

80 

.16 

12. 

George  II. 

Shilling. 

924 

il6 

85 

.17 

13. 

George  III. 

Half  Crown. 

925 

231 

213 

.40 

14. 

George  IV’. 

Crown. 

925 

435 

403 

•75 

gin  Islands;  of  the>e  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  is  the  largest;  then  Virgin 

Gorda,  and  next  Anegada.  Total  area,  04  square  miles.  They  furnish  good  pas- 
turage for  cows,  sheep  and  goats;  sugar  and  cotton  are  raised  in  small  cpiantities.  A 
valuable  mine  of  copper  has  been  worked  at  Virgin  (Jorda.  Exports  (188:1),  $01,03.’). 

SlL\'Eli.  GREAT  BRITAIN.  REATE  RJ. 

A general  de.sciiptiou  of  the  coins  uik)ii  I’late  10,  is  all  that  will  l)e  nece.s- 
sary ; they  are  given  here  Jis  tyi)e.s  only  of  coinages  under  the  early  rulers  of 
Great  Britain  : IIe.vuy  vii,  from  DUO  to  1.547,  tampered  with  the  coins  of  his 
Kingdom,  and  so  outrageously  debased  them  that  they  are  rated  from  half  their 
face^value  to  nothing.  Ricii.vkd  m,  from  14S3  to  14S.5.  The  coins  of  this 
King  are  very  rare,  llis  .standard  was  11  oz.,  2 i>eimyweights  line  silver  and 
18  pennyweights  alloy.  IIenky  \ ii,  from  14S.5  to  15U0.  His  coinage  was  in 
the  s;r.ne  proportion  as  that  of  Richard  III.  Euwaud  iv,  from  14(11  to  1483. 
Several  changes  in  the  coinage  took  place  during  this  reign,  and  the  iKiuml 
sterling  was  (leh:Lse.l  2.5  i)er  cent.  I1p:xry  vi,  from  1422  to  1401.  llis 
Stan  bird  was  the  same  as  that  of  Richard  III.  Henry  iv,  from  l.'iUU  to  1413. 
He  debased  the  j)ound  .sterling  20  iK-r  cent.  RiciiAiU)  ii.  from  1.377  to  1.300. 
This  king  kept  his  standard  at  11  oz.,  2 inmny weights  tine  silver  and  18  ]K  imy- 
weights  alloy.  His  money  is  very  rare.  Henry  v,  from  141.3  to  1422,  the 
St  inda;-,l  of  Richard  HI.  Edward  i,  ii  or  hi,  from  1273  to  1377.  All  these 
Kiii'i  indulged  in  more  or  le.ss  variation  in  the  value  of  their  money. 
IlEtRY  I,  from  1100  to  113.5,  or  of  Stephen;  authorities  differ.  Rorert. 
E.viiL  <)E  Gloucester,  about  .same  date  as  Henry  I and  Stephen.  Stei’UEn 
from  1135  to  1 1-54.  History  records  that  this  King  greatly  debased  his  coin. 
WiLLi.x.’n  I,  from  lOUti  to  1087.  This  “AVillia.m  the  Conqueror. ’’ 
coineil  noined  nothing  but  the  iKumy  of  mixial  silver  and  standard  as  followi'il 
by  Kichard  HI.  Henry  i,  from  1100  to  11.3.5.  Whatever  changes  this  ruler 
is  known  to  have  made  in  his  money  was  in  favor  of  honesty  and  the  peo])lc. 
Of  course  these  coins  are  all  exce.ssively  rare,  and  command  high  iiriccs  from 
collectors.  It  would  be  usidess  to  give  their  moneij  value  at  this  date. 

ENGLISH  “ .M0NI:Y  OE  NECESSITY  ” AND  ‘‘ SIEGE  IMECES.” 

During  the  reign  of  Charles  I of  England,  the  ill  fortunes  of  that  King 
obliged  him  to  melt  for  coin  even  his  own  and  the  plate  of  the  colleges;  an<l 
:ib  lilt  1044-4.5,  he  was  so  driven  for  the  ‘“sinews  of  war,”  and  so  destitute  of 
the  means  for  minting  money,  that  irregular  jiieces  cut  direct  from  the  plate 


2o3 


254 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Silver 

VALU 

1. 

Elizabeth 

Crown.  _ 

924 

4t)4 

429 

.89 

2. 

Philip  and  Mary. 

J Crown. 

9 It) 

240 

224 

.4tJ 

3. 

Elizabeth. 

i Penny. 

909 

4 

3 

.01 

4. 

Elizabeth. 

Penny. 

900 

8 

7 

.02 

5. 

Philii»  ami  Mary. 

Shilling. 

924 

9H 

.17 

6. 

do 

4 Shilling. 

920 

■ 48 

42 

.08 

7. 

do 

J Penny. 

920 

4 

3 

.01 

8. 

Edward  VI. 

Testoon. 

The  gold  and 

silver  of  Henry 

9. 

do 

1 Shilling. 

VIII.,  and  his  son 

Edward 

10. 

do 

4 Shilling. 

VI., 

were  so  debase 

d as  to 

11. 

do 

Crown. 

render  it  impossible  to  learn 

12. 

Henry  VI 11. 

Croat. 

or  estimate  their  weig 

ht,  fine- 

13. 

do 

12  Penny  Piece 

ness 

and  value. 

contiibuteil  by  bis  i)artis;uis  were  stainiH^d  in  a rude  manner  l).v  tlieni  and 
himself,  and  issued  with  numerals  indicating  the  value  by  the  weight  of  metal 
they  contained.  Many  writem  have  ignored  this  ‘‘ circulating  medium ’’  on 
account  of  the  silence  in  regard  thereto  maintained  by  cont(‘iniM)rary  documents; 
blit  lately  discovered  evidence  proves  that  it  did  exist.  In  the  newsiiaper 
of  that  time,  The  Kingdom's  Faithful  and  Impartial  Scout,  dated  February  5tb, 
1044,  is  an  item  regarding  some  of  this  money  found  on  a royalist  i>risoner  b> 
the  Ileimblicans,  which  describes  it  exactly:  The  “siege  money”  is  distin- 

guished from  the  “necessity  coinage”  by  the  letters  ().  15.  S.  for  “ Obss<‘S!sa  ” 
(besieged)  generally  found  on  the  true  pieces.  Some  of  this  irregular  coinage 
was  struck  at  Dublin,  known  as  the  “ Inchinguin  money;”  it  can  easily  be 
identilied  on  idate.  Xos.  2 and  14  are  pieces  struck  at  Scarborough  Castle; 
Xo.  10  has  upon  it  an  unknown  castle  and  the  words  CaroU  Forhtna  licmrguru  ; 
Xo.  0 shows  the  castle  of  Pontefract,  and  Immi-s  the  ().  15.  C.  inark  of  the  siege 
pieje  ; Xo.  2 is  a crown  piece  struck  at  the  Ca.stle  of  Dublin  ; Xo.  is  a coinage 
of  Dublin  Castle,  also  with  only  the  numerals  denoting  the  pennyweights  ai.d 
grains,  with  no  other  device  or  legend;  No.  12  is  a cro\\ni  piwe,  the  “ S." 

indicating  five  shillings,  and  bearing  thesi*  marks  alone;  Xos.  4 and  7 are 
pieces  rudely  struck  upon  hastily  cut  squares  of  plate,  stami>ed  with  their  money 
value  and  rude  representations  of  what  is  believed  to  1h“  (h)lcbester  ('astle. 
These  pieces  form  an  intere.sting  page  in  the  hi.story  of  moilern  coinage,  and 
hence  are  heie  presented. 

FOREIGN  “OliSIDIONAL”  MONEY. 

Money  of  analogous  character  to  that  of  the  civil  war  times  of  Charles  I of 
Fngland  lias  been  issued  in  other  countrie.s.  It  is  merely  mentioned  here  with- 
out illustration.  In  1;7J8  Charles,  Duke  of  Sunderinania,  during  the  war  with 
Sigismund  111,  King  of  Poland,  issued  “necessity”  or  “siege”  money,  in 
gold  and  silver.  John  Frederic,  the  Elector,  while  besieged  in  Lei]>sig.  1.747. 
by  Duke  Maurice  of  Saxony,  was  obliged  to  strike  obsidional  gold,  and 
(iustavus  I of  Sweden,  after  his  escape  from  imprisonment  by  ('hri.stian  II  of 
Denmark,  struck  cojiihu'  money  of  the  same  character.  Arcluluke  Ferdinand 
of  Hungary,  resorted  to  like  means  when  besit'ged  in  Vienna,  by  the  Turks  in 
l ‘)2!).  The  French  fortress  town  of  I.andau,  bisieged  in  1702,  and  Osanaburg, 
Havaria,  in  lOJ.'l,  likewise  struck  .such  coin.  Fre<iuently  the  obsidional  money 
was  of  ba.se  metal ; in  such  cases,  like  the  (Gm  money  of  James  11  of  England  ; 
they  bore  the  values  that  belong  to  gold  or  silver.  On  some  of  these  jueces  were 
the  words : Extremum  subsidium,  the  last  resource.  So  far  as  known  these 


/ 


2ot') 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  Silver.  XIX. 

HENRY  VIII. 


lEEX-AT. 


liicir/VUT)  n 


0m 


258 


Silver  Tokens.  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Xo. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

EIXE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Cieorgc  III. 

I ollar. 

8% 

418 

37 1) 

.78 

2 

do 

6 Shillings. 

897 

415 

374 

.78 

3. 

do 

3 Shillings. 

ii97 

226 

205 

.42 

4. 

do 

do 

896 

228 

205 

.42 

0. 

do 

30  Pence. 

896 

191 

172 

.36 

6. 

do 

3 Shillings. 

896 

198 

178 

.37 

7. 

do 

6 Pence. 

84.5 

28 

23 

.05 

8. 

do 

5 Pence. 

897 

31 

26 

.05 

substitutes  for  coin  were  fii-st  issued  b}'  Francis  I early  in  tlie  fifteentb  centuiT, 
when  engaged  in  his  Italian  Wat's.  Tlie  most  common  of  tlie  Siege  pieces,  witli 
their  date  of  issue,  are  : 


1573 


Pavia 15-24 

Cremona 1520 

Vienna 1529 

-Vlemaer,  Harlem ' 

Kainpen  and  Middleburg ... 

I.eyden .1574 

Gironne,  I’erpignan  and  I'lchy. . .1041 

.Vire 1041-1710 

Barcelona 1041,  1808-14 

Carlisle,  Colchester,  Beeston 
Castle  and  Scarborough,  (Eng.).. 1045 

Catalonia 1045 

Xewark,  (England) 1040 

Pontefract  Castle,  (England) l()48 

Geneva 10.54 

St.  Venant 1057 

Stni-sburg 1087,  1814 

Bouchain  170'2-10 

Eandau  1702-11 

Lille 1708 


Tonrnay 1709 

Que.snoy 1712 

Egypt 1798-1801 

Malta 1799 

Cisalpine  Uepublic 1800-02 

.Mantua 1802 

Italian  Uepublic 1802-05 

Kingdom  of  Italy 1805-14 

Irvin  and  Turin 1808-09 

Borne 1809 

Isles  of  France 1810 

Baden 1808 

I'trecht 1812 

Dantzic,  Walcheren 1 

Cattaro  (Albania) ! iciq 

Zara  (Dalmatia) 

Genoa  and  Venice J 

Anvers  and  Palma  Xova 1814 

Cracrow  (lx“.iuing  i>ortniit  of  Na- 
Itoleon) 1829 


■\Vithout  dates  there  are  pieces  struck  in  Bearn,  Flanders, Lyons,  Navarre, 
and  St.  Domingo. 


The  Wiiulwarci  Islands,  of  the  Le.sscr  Antilles,  under  authority  of  England 
are:  Barbados,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  Tobago,  St.  Lucia,  and  tbeir  dcpcndencie.«, 
with  about  285,000  inJuibitants.  Barbados,  the  most  westward  of  the  West  India  Is- 
lands has,  of  area,  166  square  miles;  population  (1881),  171,860.  Products  : sugar, 
molasses  and  rum.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  Governor-in-Chief  of  the  Windward 
Islands,  and  the  head-quarters  of  England’s  forees  in  the  West  Indies.  Capital, 
Bridgetown.  St.  Vincent;  90  miles  west  of  Barbados;  area,  132  square  miles;  popula- 
tion (1881),  40,548.  Produets:  sugar,  mola.sses,  rum,  arrowniot,  coeoa,  cotfee  and 
eotton.  E.vports  (1883),  $833,750.  Grenada  (and  the  Grenadines).  Grenada  is 
about  96  miles  north  of  Trinidad,  68  miles  south  south-west  of  St.  Vincent  and  100 
miles  south-west  of  Barbados.  Area,  120  square  miles  ; iiojnilation  (including  the 
Grenadines),  in  1881,  was  42,400.  This  island  was  diseovered  by  Columbus  in  1498 
and  named  Ascension.  The  soil  is  ver3’  fertile.  Products:  cocoa,  cotton,  spices, 
sugar,  rum,  cotfee  and  fruits.  Large  numbers  of  turtle  are  caught  and  exported,  and 
whales  abound.  Exports  (1883),  $966,620.  The  (rre/mdine*  are  a chain  of  small 
islands  between  Granada  and  St.  Vincent  (within  which  Governments  they  are  in- 


259 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  kank tokens.  Silver.  XIX. 


' J]  AN  K 
TOKEN 
7>  Sill  LI 
1015  , 


HANK 
1'  0 K E X 
5 SHILL, 

W 1811-  ^ 


XXX  PENCE 


^ THUEE"^ 

1 

SHILLINGS 


TOKEN 


ii  A X K 
TOKEN 
f I VE 
1*  E N t E 
1 K I S M 

Published  by  A.  M.  Smith,  Po&^  Office  Box  754.  Phila  Pa. 


cattle'"’ 

AND  ^ 
BATlBER,i! 


shilv'-; 


Gk)ld.  GREAT  BRITAIN,  scot,  and 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  1 PURE 

Coin.  | Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

James  I. 

•St.  Andrew. 

2. 

Janies  IV. 

Rider. 

3. 

do 

i Lion. 

The  weight,  fineness,  and 

.4. 

do 

('rown. 

value  of  these  coins 

t>. 

James  VI. 

Lion. 

cannot  be  determined. 

6. 

James  V. 

Ronnet  Piece. 

The  pieces  are  invaluable 

7, 

Mary. 

Dauphin. 

to  collectors  on 

account 

s. 

James  II. 

“.St.  Andrew” Gold  Penny. 

of  their  rarity. 

9. 

James  IV. 

Unicorn. 

10. 

James  VI. 

Noble. 

11. 

James  II. 

I.ion, 

12. 

James  II. 

4 Lion. 

eluded)  comprising  an  rca  of  13  square  miles  ; producing  roots  and  live  stock  ; the 
largest  of  them  is  Carriacou.  Tobago,  most  southerly  of  tl»e  Windward  group,  is 
ahotU  T.l  miles  south-east  of  Grenada,  184  miles  north-east  of  Trinidad,  and  120  miles 
south  south-west  of  llarbados.  Area,  114  square  miles  ; i)opulation  (1S81),  18, ail. 
Two-thirds  of  the  island  are  still  covered  with  inimitive  forests,  comprising  many  va- 
rieties of  hardwood  and  ornamental  trees.  Sugar,  rum,  molasses,  cocoa,  coll’ee  and 
cocoanuts  are  the  staples  of  trade.  E.xports  (1883),  $240, 180.  St.  Lucia,  largest  of 
the  Windwards,  is  about  90  miles  west,  north-west  of  Barbados,and  25  miles  north  of 
St.  Vincent.  Area,250siniare  miles,and  population  in  1884,  of  40,532.  E.vports  (1883), 
$1,009,115.  r,ahamns,  a chain  of  about  20  inhabited  islands,  and  an  immen.se  num- 
ber of  islets  and  rocks,  lying  between  21^  42' — 273  34'^  X.  latitude  and  723  40' — 75- 
5'  W.  longitude,  conq.rising  an  area  of  about  5,7i)4  square  miles,  and  a ]x)pulation  in 
1881,  of  43,521.  The  principal  islands  are  Xew  I’rovidence  (containing  the  capital 
Nassau),  St.  Salvador,  Great  Abaco,  Great  Ilahama,  Long  Island,  Eleuthera,  ilaya- 
guana.  Harbour  Island,  Great  Inagua,  and  Andros  Islands.  E.\i)orts  : salt,  sponges, 
pine-apples,  tomatoes  and  oranges,  amounting  annually  to  about  $750,000.  The  Ber- 
mudast,  or  Somers  Islamls,  are  a cluster  of  about  300  small  islands  (only  15  or  10 
being  inhabited),  situate  in  the  west  of  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  323  20' N.  latitude  and 
043  .3:5'  AV'.  longitude.  Area,  about  41  stpiare  miles  and  population,  in  1883,  of  14, 
667,  c.xclusive  of  army  and  navy.  The  nearest  point  of  main  land  is  Cape  llatteras. 
North  Carolina,  U.  S.  A.  l»ermuda  j)ossesses  a stronglj'  fortified  dockyard,  where  the 
Hrilish  North  American  squadron  refits.  Products:  onions,  potatoes  and  arrowroot, 
fish  and  turtles.  ExpoHs  (1883),  $.50,000.  Hamilton  is  the  principal  town. 

l^riti.sh  Posse.ssions  in  Africa.  Cape  Colony.  The  Cajic  of  Good  Hope 
is  a small  i)iomontory  near  the  south-west  extremity  of  Africa,  but  the  extensive 
colony  of  that  name  is  w ashed  bj' the  Atlantic  and  Indian  Oceans  on  the  we.st  and 
south,  and  is  bounded  by  the  west  degree  of  longitude  223  by  the  Orange  Uiver,  from 
which  i>oint  the  limiting  line  runs  north-eastward  across  that  river.  Including  the 
adjoining  territories  in  the  “Transkei,”  it  reaches  in  S.  latitude  from  283  to  343  .50', 
and  in  E.  longitude  from  16p  25'  to  293.  The  area,  including  Ti-anskei  ami  Griqua- 
land  west  is  211,741  square  miles;  the  estimated  population  is:  Colony  (limits  as  they 
existed  in  1875),  811,450;  Griqualand  west  (annexed  in  1880),  49,101;  Transkei 
(portion  formally  annexed),  58,623;  Griqualand  east  (annexed),  75,:J52;  Tr.inskei 
(portion  not  formally  annexed),  25,592;  Tembuland  (not  yet  formallj’ annexed),  98,- 


2G1 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN.  Scotland 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGH  r 
OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1.  Alexander  I,  (No.  1107,)  unknown  by  uutne. 


2. 

James  I,  (1424.) 

Groat. 

900 

60 

3. 

Robert  Bruce,  (1300.) 

Farthing. 

920 

4i 

4. 

David  Bruce,  (1329) 

Groat. 

800 

61 

.lohn  Baliol,  (1292.) 

Penny. 

920 

22i 

•<>. 

.Alexander  III,  (1249.) 

Half  Penny. 

920 

11 

*In  this  reign  was  first 

7. 

Robert  III,  (1390.) 

Groat. 

50 

coined  the  Half- 

8. 

.James  V,  (1514.) 

Half  Groat. 

916 

30 

Penny.  This  plate 

9. 

do 

Groat. 

916 

50 

exhibits  a variety 

10. 

Mary  (jiu  en  of  Scotts,  (1544.) 

Testoon. 

900 

147 

of  Coins  of  Scot- 

11. 

do 

do  do 

Half  Testoon. 

<100 

73 

land.  Their  money 

12. 

do 

do  do 

Testoon. 

900 

143 

value  is  now  of  no 

l.'i. 

James  VI,  (1578.) 

Half-mark. 

importance.  To  e<d. 

14. 

do 

Testoon. 

916 

118 

lectors  they  rejirc- 

15. 

do 

Noble. 

925 

54 

sent  different  sums 

l(i. 

do 

Two-i  ence. 

<•25 

15 

according  tora-  ity. 

17. 

do 

Testoon. 

925 

157 

The  piece  No.  1, 

18. 

do 

XL  Shilling  Piece. 

925 

98 

Alexander,  is  ex- 

19. 

IVil  iam,  (1G97.) 

5 Shilling  Piece. 

tremely  valuable 

20. 

Charles  1 1.  (1077.) 

Ilalf-qnarter  Piece. 

14 

14 

for  such  reason. 

21. 

Anne,  (1706.) 

5 Shilling  Piece. 

5:50.  Estimated  total  (1884),  1,129,048.  The  inhabitants  of  Cape  Colony  i)ioperare 
chiefly  employed  in  the  production  of  wool  and  wine,  the  rearing  of  horses,  sheep, 
cattle  and  ostriches,  and  the  culture  of  wheat,  barlej',  oats,  etc.  The  mines  yield 
copper,  manganese,  coal  and  diamonds.  Principal  towns:  Capetown  (the  capital). 
Port  Elizabeth,  East  London,  Port  Alfred,  3Iossel  Bay,  PortXolloth,  Simons’  Town. 
Knysna,  Plettenbergs  Bay,  and  Port  St.  Johns.  Exports  (1883),  $22,044,140.  The 
Trankeian  territoriei  stretch  from  the  Kei  to  Natal,  and  are  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  lofty  Quathlamba  Jlountains.  The  following  territories  are  either  formally  an- 
nexed to  the  Cape  Colony,  or  subject  to  control  of  its  authorities;  Griqvaland  EosV 
Fingoland  and  the  Idutywa  Reserve,  Oealekaland  and  Tembuland,  Port  of  8t.  John's 
and  Wolfish  Bay. 

Natjil.  This  colony  lies  on  the  south-east  coast  of  Africa,  about  800  miles  from 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the  Drakensberg  Mountains  forming  its  western  boundary, 
separating  it  from  the  territory  of  the  Cape  Colony  and  the  Orange  River  Free  State. 
Area,  18,7o0  square  miles,  with  seaboard  of  over  200  miles  ; impulation,  whites,  na- 
tives and  Coolies,  in  1883,  was  418,731.  It  has  only  one  harbor  on  its  coa.st,  Durban, 
or  Port  Natal.  Products;  sugar,  coU'ee,  indigo,  arrowroot,  ginger,  tobacco,  rice,  i)cp- 
per,  cotton,  fruits  and  grains;  sheep,  horses  and  cattle  are  reared  in  large  numbers; 
the  minerals  are  coal  and  lime;  large  forests  of  valuable  timber  abound.  Exports: 
wool,  sugar, coffee, ivory, hides  and  skins,  and  ostrich  feathers,  amounting  in  1883,  to 
Great  Britain  alone,  to  $3,405,585.  Pietermaritzburg  is  the  capital. 

Iti-iti.Hli  West  African  Settlements  consist  of  Sierra  Leone  and  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Gambia. 


263 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  SCOTLAND.  Silver.  XIX. 


•i04 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Sierra  Leone  comprises  tlie  peninsula  of  tluit  name,  Sherboro  Island,  with 
some  contiguous  tracts  and  territory  on  the  sea  coast  extending  to,  and  including 
Mannab,  wbicb  adjoins  tlie  llepublic  of  Liberia  ami  tbe  Isles  de  Los,  tbe  whole  sit- 
uated between  7°  20' — 8^  40'  X.  latitude,  and  12®  20' — 13®  20'  W.  longitude,  embra- 
cing an  area  of  over  000  S(piare  miles,  with  a population,  in  1881,  of  60,546,  of  whom 
only  103  were  resident  wbites;  tropical  fruits  and  [dants  grow  luxuriantly;  coffee  and 
cocoa  have  been  introduced  by  tbe  llritisb.  Exports:  bennie  seed,  cocoanuts,  gin- 
ger, groundnuts,  india-rubber,  gum  copal,  bides,  palm  oil,  palm  kernels,  and  cola 
nuts,  amounting  in  1882,  to  62,100,005.  ('apital,  Freetown.  Gambia,  tins  settle- 
ment consists  of  tbe  Island  of  St.  Mary,  Hritisb  Combo,  Albreda,  Tbe  Ceded  Jlill, 
and  iMcf'artby’s  Island.  Area  21  sejuare  miles;  poi)idation  (1881),  14,150,  of  whom 
onlj'  105  were  wbites;  rice,  cotton,  maize,  and  a kind  of  millet,  called  Kous,  are 
l)roduced  in  tbe  eountrj’  along  tbe  Cainbia  Uiver,  but  not  sufficient  for  export.  Tbe 
princii)al  exports  are  wax,  bides  and  groundnuts. 

Gold  Coast  Colony  eomiiriscstbe  coast  of  tbe  Gulf  of  Guinea  from  2®  40'  5V. 
to  1®  10'  K.  ofGreenwicb,  extending  inland  to  an  average  distance  of  50  miles,  in- 
cluding an  area  of  about  16,020  sciuare  miles  and  a i)opulation  of  over  520,000.  Tbe 
oil-palm  grows  on  tills  coast  in  great  profusion.  Exports:  gold,  ivory,  gum  copal, 
monkey  skins,  palm  kernels  and  oil;  these  are  sent  inincipallj'  to  England.  Tbe 
chief  forts  and  settlements  are  Cape  Coast,  Castle,  Elmiiia,  Axim,  Dixcove  and 
Accra,  tbe  capital.  Value  of  exjiorts  in  1882,  61.700,0!)5.  Lagos  h an  island  and 
port  on  tbe  Slave  Coast,  embracing  also  tbe  north  coast  of  tbe  Gulf  of  Guinea,  be- 
tween 2®  50' and  4®  30' E.  longitude.  It  was  permanently  occupied  to  effect  tbe 
complete  supiiression  of  tbe  slave  trade  in  tbe  Eight  of  Eenin,  and  to  develoj)  its  im- 
portant trade  in  palm  kernels  and  oil,  lead  ore,  indigo  and  canewood.  Lagos  is  tbe 
princi])al  town;  population  in  1881  was  75,270,  of  whom  only  94  were  wbites.  Ex- 
ports (1881),  62,300,035. 

lUXG-MOXEY. 

That  personal  ornaments,  made  of  tbe  i)recions  metals,  were  of  a certain  standaid 
weight  and  pa.s.sed  current  as  money  is  certainly  luoved  by  Holy  Writ.  In  the  24tb 
cba])ter  and  22d  vei’se  of  Genesi.s,  Abraliam's  servant,  meeting  Rebecca  at  tbe  well, 
took  a golden  ear-ring  of  half  ;i  shekel  weight,  and  two-bracelets  for  her  bands  of 
ten  shekels  weiglit  of  gold”  and  gave  them  to  tbe  damsel  who  “was  very  fair  to 
look  upon.”  Hieroglyphic  sculptures  of  ancient  Egypt  alst)  .show  tbe  weighing  and 
reconling  of  rings,  evidently  pas.sing  as  payment,  anil  pictured  records  of  past  ages, 
relating  to  other  nations  fully  sustain  tbe  opinions  of  munLsmatist.s,  in  contradiction 
to  tbe  dis.sent  of  certain  sjivants,  that  rings  of  dillerent  size  and  metals  wfre  current 
money. 

From  tbe  far  East,  to  tbe  West  and  X'ortb,  tbe  ring-money  found  its  way  at 
an  early  age,  and  Caxsar  in  bis  Commentaries,  six'aking  of  tbe  money  of  Ilritain, 
says  ••  they  us«',  instead  of  money,  rings  adjusted  to  a certain  weight,”  tbougli  they 
then  bad  money  both  of  bronze  and  gold  in  circulation  ; this  relatetl  to  tbe  century 
preceding  tbe  Christian  Era. 

In  Ireland  the  ring-money  was  cunent  for  years  later  than  tbe  iMniwl  men- 
tioned, ;ind  in  Sweden  and  Norway  it  still  existcnl  in  tbe  eleventh  and  twelfth 
centuries.  As  most  of  tbe  siH*cimens  now  in  collections  were  fonnd  in  Ireland,  it  is 
probable  that  tbe  use  of  ring-money  was  much  more  common  in  that  country  than 
in  Ilritain,  and  its  similarity  to  actual  coinage  is  rendere<l  more  striking  from  its 
careful  adju.stment  to  siH'cial  weight.  There  are  small  rings  of  exactly  one-balf 
Itennyweight  and  so  on  tbrougb  almost  every  intermediate  grade  up  to  thirteen 
ounces,  seven  iM-niiy weight,  some  even  containing  fractional  thirds,  small  change, 
as  it  were  ; a i>erfect  money  system. 


26;3 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  money.  XIX.  ,5 


266 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

The  second  plate  illustrates  different  varieties  of  the  ring-money,  gold,  of  Ire- 
land. The  earliest  were  little  more  than  pieces  of  wire  bent  round,  and  jdain  at 
first,  the  ends  were  later  tlattened  or  shai»ed  into  various  forms,  with  rude  attempts 
at  ornamentation,  the  i»rogress  of  which  can  easily  he  traced  by  the  .si>ecimens  pre- 
sented. No.  10  is  of  cast  bra.s.s,  as  is  No.  9 also,  with  the  rings  treble  joined  ; in 
No.  8 the  brass  rings  are  looiHjd  one  within  the  other  for  convenience  in  carrying  ; 
these  baser  metal  rings  have  been  found  m vast  (luantities.  No.  5,  which  was  found 
in  a bog  in  ('oiinty  (ialway,  Ireland,  is  of  gold  weighing  fifteen  ounces,  and  is  worth 
$300.  No.  7 is  also  of  Irish  production,  and  contains  75  dollar's  worth  of  gold. 

From  the  small  circle  of  bent  wire  the  fashion  and  weight  of  the  ring-money 
increa.sed,  and  people,  especially  the  Gallic  warrioi-s  carried  their  fortunes  upon  their 
persons  in  the  shape  of  ornaments,  but  always  having  a fixerl  and  standard  weight 
rendering  it  transferable  as  actual  money.  The  torcpie,  worn  around  the  neck,  was 
generally  of  pure  gold  and  sometimes  weighed  as  much  as  five  imhukIs.  In  170U  a 
s|M'cimen  was  unearthed  at  Fattingham,  in  Staffordshire,  England,  which  contained 
tliree  pounds  two  ounces  of  fine  gold,  was  four  feet  long,  very  briglit,  and  so  flexible 
that  it  could  be  wrapped  round  the  arm  like  a rope,  and  l»e  easily  extended  to  its 
original  form;  the  bend  which  formed  a hook  at  each  end,  as  shown  in  No.  2 of 
Plate,  served  to  fasten  it.  The  other  si)ecimens  are  also  of  pure  gold  and  probably 
needed  no  fastening,  their  extreme  ductility  causing  them  to  retain  the  .shai>e  when 
l>laced  on  a limb,  as  is  still  the  case  with  the  bracelets  and  anklets  worn  in  some 
parts  of  liritish  India.  The  illustration  No.  1 is  of  a bronze  tonpie,  found  in  Som- 
erset.shire,  England  ; it  weighs  two  iK)unds,  and  is  an  exact  reproduction  of  the 
gold  ones  mentioned.  Nos.  1.  3,  4,  5 are  copies  of  other  relics,  discovered  in  18:i2. 
and  though  they  were  soon  melted  and  recoined  into  modern  English  money  \ei 
<lrawings  were  made  from  them  and  are  here  given  on  a reduced  scale.  2sN).  4 
weighed  41bs.  1 oz.  10  dwt.s.  11.00  grains;  No.  3,  lib.  4 oz.  15  dwts.  13.47  grains, 
and  No.  5,  lib.  4 oz.  13  dwts.  10.47  grains. 

The  us(' of  ring-money  is  still  ])revalent  in  Africa,  the  Fonlah-jolaf  and  other 
African  trilx'S  still  bringing  gold-ring  money  to  Sierra  Leone,  and  as  a proof  that 
the  precious  metal  is  only  thus  shainnl  to  give  to  it  a monetary  character,  it  is  a fact 
that  these  iK‘oi)le  never  use  rings  for  ornament.  King-money  luus  also,  w ithin  the 
last  few  years  been  dug  up  in  Ceylon ; it  is  formed  of  a flat  wire,  doubled  into  a 
loop,  and  .stamped  with  inscriptions  such  as  “ Sultan  Ali  Aadil  Shah,  struck  at  Lari, 
a stamiHsl  Daugh.  ” This  ])rince  reigned  a.  d.  1(;.*)9,  and  “daugh”  is  the  denomi- 
nation of  a coin  of  his  country. 

In  Ireland  silver  as  well  as  gold  ring-money  has  iH'en  found,  some  In'ing  marked 
for  division  in  halves.  It  is  ])robable  that  tlie  far  greater  extent  of  the  us<'  of  this 
form  of  coinage  in  Ireland,  over  Britain,  arose  from  the  fact  that  the  former  country 
maintained  its  indeiHMidence  long  after  the  Komans  had  subjugated  Britain  and  re- 
coined every  form  of  metallic  currency  into  the  money  of  Borne. 

British  Pos.sessioiis  in  the  South  Atlantic.  Ascension  is  an  isolated 
island,  of  volcanic  origin,  situated  in  the  South  .Vtlantic  Ocean,  7^55'  S.  latitude, 
and  140  2.5'  .’3”  W.  longitude.  .Vrea,  3.5  scpuire  miles.  The  English  took  possession 
of  it  in  181.5.  It  now  has  a steam  factory,  naval  and  victualling  yards,  coaling  depot 
and  hospitals;  game  abounds  and  where  the  soil  is  cultivated,  the  yield  is  plentiful. 

In  October,  1883,  the  i/opulation  consisted  of  89  oflicers,  seaman  and  Krooman. 
Exports;  turtles  and  birds’  eggs.  Falkland  Islands.  These,  the  only  considenible 
cluster  in  the  South  -Vtlantic,  lie  about  300  miles  cast  of  the  Stniits  of  .Magellan, 
and  consist  of  East  Falkland  (area  2,700  square  miles);  West  Falkland  (2,000  square 
miles),  and  about  100  small  islets,  rocks  and  sandbanks,  comprising  in  the  aggre- 
gate 4,740  square  miles,  and  a poi)ulation  in  1881,  of  1,.543.  Exports:  oil,  hides, 
tallow,  seal  skins  and  wool.  South  Georgia,  an  island  800  miles  E.  S.  E.  of  the 


2G8 


Gold.  GREAT  BRITAIN,  east  india. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

1 Gold. 

VALUE 

1 

.Mohur. 

‘•1C 

180 

165 

$7.10 

2. 

do 

913 

181 

164} 

7.08 

3. 

2 Pago<las, 

917 

90 

82i 

3.54 

4. 

All 

i Mohur. 

915 

102 

93 

4.00 

0. 

struck 

Rupee 

987 

191 

189? 

8.16 

6. 

by 

i Rupee 

911 

89 

81 

3.48 

7^ 

the 

6 do 

916 

CO 

54? 

2.35 

s. 

East  India 

10  do 

91 C 

120 

no 

4.73 

!». 

Company 

Mohur 

91C 

180 

164} 

7.08 

10. 

during 

Pagoda. 

917 

45 

41 

1.76 

11. 

different  periods. 

Mohur. 

91C 

182 

1C6 

7.14 

12. 

do 

915 

204 

186 

8.00 

13. 

Rupee 

984 

165 

162 

6.97 

14. 

J Rupee. 

919 

90 

83 

3.57 

15. 

Rupee. 

914 

179 

163 

7.02 

GREAT  BRITAIN,  east  india. 

Silver. 

XIX. 

a6 

Falkliiud  group,  with  an  area  of  1,570  stjuare  miles  and  several  other  small  unin- 
habited islands,  are  comprised  within  this  colony.  Exports  to  Great  Britain  (in 
1883),  $422,405. 


St.  Helena,  probablj*  the  most  fainiiiar  of  all  the  solitary  islands  of  the  world, 
is  in  tiie  South  Atlantic,  850  miles  from  tlie  neare.st  land.  Isle  of  Ascension,  in  15° 
55'  S.  latitude  and  5°  42'  W.  longitude.  Its  area  is  47  square  miles;  population  (1881), 
5,059.  It  is  frequented  by  shii)s  for  water  and  fresh  provisions.  The  chief  town  is 

Jamestown.  Exports  to  Great  Britain  (1883),  $7,775. 

Hritish  I’ossessioiis  in  Kurope.  Malta,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  comprising,  with  Guzo  (an  adjoining  island),  an  area  of  117  scpiarc  miles  It 
has  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  tlie  world,  an  extensive  arsenal  and  inqmrtant  dock 
yard,  being  the  head(inarters  of  the  Mediterninean  Fleet.  Products:  Corn,  cotton, 
oranges  and  potatoes;  also  niucli  live  slock.  Total  population  (1881),  147,209,  ex- 
clusive of  British  troops  and  ilieir  families.  Exports  to  England  (1883),  $107,050. 

Gibi  siltiir,  a rocky  promontor\',  3 miles  in  lengtli,  J ofa  mile  in  average  breadth, 
and  greatest  elevation  1.4:’.9  feel,  near  the  southern  extremity  of  Spain,  at  the  enter 
anceofthe  Mediterranean,  everywhere  fortified,  connected  on  the  north  by  a low 
isthmus  with  Andalusia.  It  is  a free  port  and  about  4,000  vessels  call  there  annually. 
Total  population  1881  (including  5,010  militar)').  23,991.  E.xports  to  Great  Britain 


269 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  fast  imua.  Gold.  XIX. 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN,  east  indies. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jiTXE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALl 

1. 

Victoria. 

i Pairoda. 

900 

328 

295 

.61 

2. 

do 

1 do 

900 

163 

146 

..30 

3. 

do 

5 Fanams. 

898 

71 

63 

.1.3 

4. 

do 

2 do 

899 

28 

25 

.05 

5. 

Ceylon  Government. 

48  Stivers. 

884 

131 

115 

.2.3 

6. 

Victoria. 

1 Rupee. 

919 

179 

164 

.34 

7. 

do 

h do 

919 

22 

20 

.04 

8. 

Ceylon  Government. 

24  Stivers. 

884 

70 

62 

.1.3 

9. 

Victoria. 

2 Annas. 

92.5 

22 

20 

.01 

10. 

do 

i P,u])ee. 

919 

45 

41 

.08 

11. 

William  IV. 

1 do 

918 

41 

40 

•OS 

12. 

do 

i do 

916 

89 

82 

■ .17 

13. 

do 

1 do 

919 

179 

164 

..34 

14. 

George  IV. 

Ri.x  Dollar. 

900 

139 

125 

.26 

15, 

Ceylon  Government. 

96  Stivers. 

884 

262 

233 

.48 

16. 

Victoria. 

i Rupee. 

919 

90 

83 

.17 

(1883),  $196,055.  The  Channel  comprise  the  bailiwicks  of  Jersey  anOi  Guern- 

sey (in  the  latter  of  which  are  comprehended  the  small  islands  of  Alderney,  Sark  naA 
Ilerm,  situated  off  the  north-west  coast  of  France,  at  distances  of  from  10  to  30  miles). 
Total  area,  about  73  square  miles;  population  (1881),  88,806.  Exports  to  Great  Britain 
(1883),  $4,031,115.  Isle  of  Man  {Mona),  in  the  Irish  Sea,  nearly  equidistant  from 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland.  Area,  about  281  square  miles;  population,  54,089. 
Rich  in  lead,  iron,  blende  and  slate,  and  exports  large  quantities  of  agricultural  pio- 
duce. 


lleligfoUxiid  {Holy  Land),  a small  island  in  the  North  Sea,  opposite  to  and 
about  25  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe.  Including  Sandy  Island,  it  is  about  2j 
of  a mile  in  circumference,  with  a resident  population  (in  1881),  of  2,000.  It  is  a 
favorite  bathing  resort  and  the  inhabitants  live  on  fishing  and  visitors. 

THE  GOLD  COINAGE  OF  ENGLAND. 


On  Plate  XIX,  9,  of  the  Encyclot-«i>i.v  Gold  and  Silver  Coins  of 
THE  World,  cut  No.  4,  \ Florin  of  Edward  III  will  be  found  inarktHl  with  an 
asterisk  (*),  which  calletl  attention  to  a note,  '‘The  fii-st  English  coin  of  which 
iuiy  specimen  is  extant.”  But  it  is  not  to  be  supiKised  from  this  that  the  :}  Florin 
or  Edward  HI  is  the  first  English  gold  coin,  for  in  the  transhition  of  ^1.  Rapin 
de  Tlioyr;i.s,  iitiblished  in  1732,  there  is  a distinct  statement  that  “The  inanuscriitt 
Chronicle  of  the  city  of  London,  .says  this  King  (Henry  HI)  in  T258,  coined  a 
penny  of  fine  gohl,  of  the  weight  of  two  sterlings,  and  coininanded  it  should  go 
for  20  .shillings.”  Snelling,  the  acknowledged  authority  on  coinsof  Great  Britain, 
in  his  work  of  1703,  siiy.s,  ‘-if  this  be  true,  these  were  the  lirst  jiieces  of  gold 
coined  in  England.”  And  the  author  adds‘’N.  B.  : 'I  he  date  should  he  12o7,  and 
the  value  20  peace.”  Maitland’s  Hi.story  of  London,  issiud  1739.  sajs:  “This 
year  (1257)  the  King  caused  to  be  coined  in  London  a penny  of  line  gold,  weigh- 
ing two  sterling.s,  which  is  supixised  to  lie  the  lirst  gold  coin  in  England.”  Other 
and  conclusive  corroborative  evidence  is  in  existence  establishing  the  existence  of 
this  gold  penny,  in  1257-5S.  But  Edward  HI  will  always  have  the  iKipular 
honor  for  having  coined,  and  issued,  and  circulated  the  first  English  g(>kl  coins ; 
it  w.is  Anno  1344,  that  .saw  his  “ llorin,”  or  “ llorence,  ” with  two  leopards  for 


‘271 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  india 


L 


272 


Silver.  GREAT  BRITAIN,  eastindu 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jriNE. 

WEKJHT 

OF 

Coin. 

(iRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VAI.L 

1. 

East  India  Co. 

1 Rupee. 

92.3 

189 

173 

.36 

2, 

do 

do 

925 

182 

108 

.3.5 

.3. 

do 

do 

9lH) 

18.5 

106 

.31 

4. 

do 

do 

!*;S2 

179 

171 

. •>.  > 

5. 

do 

do 

920 

179 

100 

.3) 

C. 

do 

Double  Rupee. 

901 

370 

334 

7. 

do 

Rupee. 

920 

179 

100 

.3 1 

f. 

do 

do 

tl.30 

174 

161 

0. 

do 

do 

987 

179 

178 

.30 

10. 

do 

do 

987 

173 

171 

.35 

11. 

do 

do 

9,57 

170 

102 

.3.3 

12. 

do 

do 

920 

179 

106 

.34 

13. 

do 

do 

908 

109 

100 

.34 

14. 

do 

do 

899 

109 

152 

.31 

its  device  ; and  tlie  lialf-lli)riii,  with  one  leo])ard,  put  in  the  liaiids  of  tlu*  peojile  ; 
witli  tliein  also  came  the  <iuarter-llorin,  witli  jkxn  s-dc-liK,  aii*l  the  royal  helmet 
with  a lion  passant-^/a  tednat  at  top,  the  inscii]ition  round  it  1 ciiip  It. 

AXUL.  Z FRAXC.  1).  IIIH;  the  l.epend  EX  A J/rAEFiTR  JXfiLORIA. 
The  whole  llorin  of  this  date  should  weiph  lOS  pis.  troy,  tl.e  lest  in  proportion, 
the  lineness  was  of  iS  car.its,  :{  plains  and  a-half  luire  pol<l,  and  half  a prain  of 
alloy,  that  is  till  parts  were  tine,  and  one  jiart  alloy,  and  “this  wastheonly  pold 
used  in  onr  mints  until  the  eiphteenth  year  of  Henry  tl.e  Eighth.  Anno  1527,  or 
for  more  than  HO  years,  and  in  pimeral  is  called  the  old  standaid  of  Enpland.'’ 
The  llorin  was  current  for  0 shilliups;  i llorin,  3 shillings;  J llorin  for  IH 
deniors  or  i>ehce. 

The  noble  followed  the  Horin  ; issued  hy  the  san  e Kiip,  tlie  d«  signs  on 
which  are  well  illustrated  in  our  Elate.  XIX.  0,  of  English  gold.  Ridiard  II 
(1077  to  12)0.1)  made  no  alteration  in  the  st\Ie  or  value  of  his  giand-fatlier, 
Edward  III,  evceitt  in  the  inscription,  on  the  Ohverse  of  the  mhle  it  being 
lUCARD  1)1  (JRA  REX  AXHL.  Z.  FRAXC.  DXS.  HIE.  Z.  A(,T.  ; on  the 
haif-nohle  is  found.  RIC.VRI)  DEI.  (tRA.  REX.  AX(tE.  1 XS.  11115..  and  on 
the  (piarter-nohle.  RIC.VRl).  1)1  URA.  REX.  AX'D. 

IIeviiy  IV  and  V coined  the  same  tyjK-s  of  pohl.  in  even-  respect,  as  tlieii 
predei;essors,  e.vcept  that  an  II  is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  cross  (>n  the  lleveise. 

Hkviiy  VI,  dnriup  his  sliort  restoration  to  power,  stiuck  the  avtjel  jii 
imitiition  of  those  of  E I ward  I\",  with  the  slight  diflen  nee  in  the  letter  ll  and 
tha  fl<>itr-de-lis,  one  ea  di  side  of  the  mast,  insteail  of  an  E and  a rose. 

Edwvkd  IV  midesome  very  decidecl  changes  in  the  noble  and  half-nidile  ; 
he  had  constiintly  a s pure  lla ' on  the  stnai  of  the  ship,  with  E uja'ii  it  (this 
had  always  heen  in  the  centre  of  the  Revei'st*),  aiul  he  jihuad  a large  rose  on  the 
side  of  tile  vessel  where  none  had  ]>reviously  appeared.  1 he  Reverse  also  1 e 
changed,  a sun  or  star,  with  full-blown  ro.si*,  la  iilaus  the  cioss  which  toimciI\ 
ojcui>ied  the  centre.  This  King  in  the  tilth  \ear  of  ids  reign  (lltio)  began  to 
coin  money  having  the  arch-angle,.  St.  iMichael,  trampling  ujion  and  piercing 
the  dragon.  In  the  fourth  year  of  this  reign  the  noble,  which  for  120  yeai>  had 
held  its  original  value  of  0 s.  d..  w as  made  curunt  lor  half  as  mu<  h moie.  or 
lO.s.,  and  w.is  given  the  nanc!  of  ryal,  also  rose  ival  and  rose  noble. 

Rtcii.viii)  III  coined  no  ••  nobles, ’’ but  only  the  “angel,"  whii  h dilTci's  in  no 
wise  from  that  of  his  brother,  Henry  \'ll,  (14S.‘i),  ihangts  the  "noble”  in 
many  detiiils  of  the  ship,  introducing  the  suni-dr.igon  at  tlie  hiad  and  stern  of 
the  ship.  The  “ sovereign,”  a donhle  ryal,  was  lirst  cointd  during  this  reign. 
(See  gold  plate,  Hreat  liritain,  XI.XS.)  'The  rj/ul  was  curient  for  10  shilling.s. 


27;; 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  east  INDIA.  Silver.  XIX. 


17 


I 


‘274 


at  this  tli3  sovereicjii  for  20  sliillinps.  (>r  (aif*  ] cinitl  s-triling;  tin*  (Umhle 

sovereign  for  4 ) s.  ; the  aa.gel,  (is.  8d.,  a.s  liefori*. 

IIesnmiy  VIII;  no  “nobles,”  or“iyals”  uere  issued  by  (his  King;  iie 
coined  tlie  double  rj’al,  or  sovereign,  and  introduced  the  crot/ii  into  the  Englisli 
series.  Tlie  sovereign  was  current  for  20  s..  or  1 £ sterling,  the  quarter,  or 
crown,  for  5 s.,  ami  the  half-crown  to  2 .s.  0 d.  (told  a\  as  raised  oidy  about  A, 
wliile  the  silver  was  inllated  f •,  a profit  of  nearly  (iO  i>er  cent,  being  made  by 
exchanging  silver  for  gold. 

Kdw.viu)  VI  (lo47)  coined  the  same  jiieces  a.s  bis  father,  Henry  Till, 
(fold  was  raised  bringing  the  inoportions  of  tine  silver  and  line  gold  to  1 as 
to  5/j.  During  this  reign  the  date  was  tirst  placeil  on  coins  of  the  Englisli 
series. 

Maky,  1")53  : No  change  in  general  design  of  sovereign  or  double  ryal. 
.Silver  rai.sed  in  proportion  to  gold  to  1 to  llVsV- 

Elizaheth  (looH)  made  many  unimportant  changes  in  her  coins;  issued 
the  iiound  sovereign,  and  made  the  jiroixirtion  of  fine  silver  to  fine  gold,  in  (he 
4.dd  year  of  her  reign  to  be  as  1 to  ; previous  to  which  time  it  had  lieen  as 

1 to  IItJ^. 

Great  Hritain’s  American  Colonies. — All  silver  coins,  92.5  fine.  Eo. 
1;  .50  cents  of  Canada,  179  grains  weight,  105  pure  grs. — -S4  cents.  Eo.  2;  50 
cents  of  E'ewfoundland,  181  grs.  weight,  108  pure — ?5  cents.  Eo.  3;  2 dollars 
of  Eewfoundland  (Gold)  910  fine,  51  grs.  weight,  37  grs.  pure— $1.59.  Eo.  4 ; 
20  cents  of  E’ewfoundland,  72  gra.  weight,  00  gra.  pure — 13  cents.  Eo.  5;  10 
cents  of  E'ewfoundland,  30  grs.  weight,  33  grs.  luire— OJ  cents.  Eo.  6;  10  cents 
of  Canada,  35  grs.  weight,  32  grs.  pure — 0^  cents.  Eo.  7 ; 25  cents  of  Canada, 
89  gi-s.  weight,  83  pure — 17  cents. 

.James  I (1()03)  shows  the  bust  of  the  King  in  armor,  on  sovereigns.  He 
also  Issued  the  unitie,  or  unite,  the  half-unite,  called  a double  crown  ; the 
(piarter,  called  the  Hritain  crown,  and  the  half-tiuarter,  called  the  half-crown. 
Tlie  sovereign  here  is  for  the  first  time  calleil  the  ro.se  ryal.  The  angel  tyjie  is 
the  same  as  lx;fore.  By  proclamation  of  Eov.  1011,  he  raiserl  the  nominal  and 
true  value  of  gold  to  10  per  cent. 

Charles  I coimnl  but  little  gold  hi  his  reign  ; the  proi»ortion  of  fine  gold 
to  fine  silver  was  1 to  13|5^f. 

The  Commonwealth  gold  coin  are  in  weight,  finene.ss  and  value,  exactly 
similar  to  those  of  Charles  1. 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  Silver.  XIX, 


No. 

PERIOD 

i 

1 COIN. 

WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

OR  SECTION. 

FINE. 

OF 

'PURE 

VALUE. 

1 

Coin. 

Silver 

1. 

George  III. 

Dollar. 

897 

413 

371 

.77 

2. 

do 

1 Shilling,  6 Pence. 

897 

112 

100 

.22 

3. 

do 

6 Pence. 

843 

.30 

25 

.05 

4. 

do 

Shilling. 

896 

66 

59 

.12 

5. 

do 

18  Pence 

896 

98 

88 

.18 

6. 

do 

10  do 

896 

62 

55 

.11 

7. 

do 

12  do 

899 

61 

55 

.11 

8. 

do 

10  do 

901 

62 

55 

.11 

S. 

do 

1 ohilliug,  6 Pence. 

897 

112 

100 

.22 

276 


Silver.  Great  Britain.  PF.MF.RARA  AN  ✓„,SEQUFB^  oC.AKA 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN.  FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

grains 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

George  III. 

3 Shillings  or 

3 Guilders.  8t(> 

300 

294 

.01 

2. 

do 

do 

do  81G 

300 

294 

.01 

3. 

do 

2 Shillings  or 

2 Guilders.  810 

240 

190 

.41 

4. 

do 

i Guilder. 

810 

30 

24 

.05 

6. 

do 

1 

do 

810 

00 

49 

.10 

6. 

do 

i 

do 

810 

tiO 

49 

.10 

7. 

do 

1 

do 

810 

120 

98 

.20 

8. 

do 

do 

810 

15 

12 

.021 

9. 

William  IV. 

i Guilder. 

810 

00 

49 

.10 

10. 

do 

1 

do 

810 

120 

98 

.20 

11. 

do 

3 

do 

810 

300 

294 

.01 

liuRMKSE  Coins,  .Silver,  all  92.>  fine.  Js'o.  1 ; 1 Rui)ee,  180  grains  weight, 
108  grs.  pure — .3.5  cents.  No.  2 ; Rui)ee,  45  gi-s.  weight,  42  grs.  pure—  8] 
cents.  No.  3-,  i Ilui>ee,  90  gi-s.  weight,  grs.  pure — 17^  cents.  No.  4; 
Itupee,  22J  grs.  weight,  21  grs.  i)ure — 4 cent.s. 

Charles  II  coined  his  fii-st  gold  and  silver  money,  with  the  hammer  unlil 
March,  1063,  when  the  mill  and  screw  gave  him  better  piece.s.  The  i)roi)orti«  n 
of  gold  to  silver  during  the  reign  of  this  King  was  as  1 to  14|iJi. 

.Iamrs  II  (1085)  coined  the  guinea,  half-guinea,  two-guinea  and  five-guinea 
piece-s,  all  of  weight  and  finene.ss  corre.si)onding  with  those  of  Charles  II. 

William  and  Mary  (1089)  placed  their  busts  on  the  coins,  but  made  n« 
other  changes.  William  III  (1094)  followed  the  former  so  far  as  regards  coinage. 

Anne  (1702)  altered  the  .style  of  the  coin  to  exhibit  her  iKutrait;  and  in  her 
reign  the  profiortion  of  silver  to  gold  stood  as  1 to  15i^§.J. 

George  I (1714)  continued  the  same  coinage,  witli  a fall  of  24  jht  cent,  in 
gold  value. 

George  II  : Tlie  only  alteration  in  the  portraiture. 

George  III:  Cliange  in  face  only;  proportions  of  .silver  to  gold.  a.s 

1 to 

TIIK  .SILVER  COINS  OF  ENGLAND. 

It  h:is  been  the  commonly  accei)ted  opinion  that  prior  to  the  arrival  of  Ca‘s;ir 
in  Britain  the  people  of  that  island  pos.si‘s.sed  no  coined  money,  and  used  certain 
substitutes  therefor.  In  the  British  Mu.seum  there  is  a manuscript  of  Causal',  of 
about  the  tenth  century,  in  which  can  be  read  this  pa.s.sage  : “ I’luntur  aut  cnen 
aut  nummo  aurco  aut  annulis  ferris  ad  cerium  jwndus  examinalis  prv  nummo.*' 
“Tliey  use  eitlier  brass  money,  or,  instead  of  money,  iron  rings  adju.sted  to  a 
certain  weight.”  This  certainly  implies,  as  plainly  as  words  can  expre.s.s,  that 
file  Britons  did  use  actual  coin,  and  further  proof  has  lH“en  e.slabli.shetl  by  the 
discovery,  in  ilifferent  places,  and  at  varioas  times,  of  gold,  silver  and  copper 
coin.s,  which,  in  tyiie,  form  and  fabric,  bear  not  the  lea.st  re.s«'mblance  to  any 
model  introduced  by  the  Romans.  Tliat  these  early  pieces  are  of  Greek  origin  is 
certain,  they  iMung  thick,  dished,  and  in  many  re.sjjects  similar  to  the  Grecian;, 
that  they  were  .struck  in  the  i.sland  of  Britain  is  almost  eipially  certain,  bt'caus*- 
they  have  all  been  found  there,  and  in  no  other  country,  and  there  is  no  iHuicKl 
after  the  occupation  by  the  Romans  that  they  could  have  lH*en  made.  It  is 
Iirobable  that,  in  commerce  with  the  Rluenicians,  or  in^rcoui-sr>  between  the 
Britons  and  Gaul,  Grecian  coins  were  introduced  into  the  i.sland  and  were  there 
(•oai'sely  imitated  by  the  native  artists.  When  communication  w;us  establislied 
with  the  Romans  this  rudene.ss  was  imjiroved  ujKm  and  Roman  letteis  weii- 
introduced  until,  under  Cunobeline,  they  attaineil  their  highest  iHufection  and 
dtsiiiipeared  entirely  when  actual  Roman  coins  became  the  established  currency. 
iijKni  the  occupation  by  .lulins  C;esar  in  55  B.  C.  A considerable  niunlx*r  of 
these  piece.s  can  be  .setui  in  the  British  Museum. 


277 


,\1EE0 


VWI1.DXR 


OXE  ^ 
gvujjeb  a 


1 


278 


Gold.  Grand  Masters.  KNIGHTS  OF  MALTA. 


1 

1 No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  1 PURE 

Coin.  | Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Emmanuel  Pinto. 

J Louis, 

852 

64 

544 

2.34 

2. 

do 

Louis. 

789 

121 

i07J 

4.63 

3. 

do 

Double  Louis. 

789 

256 

202 

8.69 

4. 

Emmanuel  De  Rohan. 

Double  Louis. 

.841 

256 

216 

9.29 

5. 

do 

i Louis. 

852 

64 

00 

2.36 

t). 

Plmmanuel  Pinto. 

Double  Louis. 

827 

256 

212 

9.12 

7 

do 

do  do 

827 

256 

212 

9.12 

8. 

do 

Louis. 

789 

121 

95 

4.08 

9. 

Emmanuel  De  Rohan. 

Louis. 

836 

128 

107 

4.60 

10. 

Struck  by  General  Vaubois. 

Siege  Piece,  (Malta). 

685 

279 

192 

8.26 

11. 

F.  Ximeues  De  Texada. 

Double  Ivouis. 

790 

258 

203 

8.73 

12. 

Emmanuel  Pinto. 

Double  Louis. 

789 

256 

202 

8.69 

13. 

F.  Ximenes  De  Texada. 

Louis 

716 

128 

91 

3.91 

COINS  OF  THE  KNIGHTS  OF  MALTA. 


Tiik  IIosiptalaler  Beothf.k.sok  St.John  the  Hapti.stok  Jekcsale.m,  Kni^lit.s  of  the 
same  title  ; Knights  of  Rhodes  and  Knights  of  Malta,  are  the  several  names  home  at  different 
periods,  of  the  most  celebrated  Order  of  the  middle  ages,  which  combined  religious  and  mili- 
tary organization  and  work. 

In  1048,  D.,  the  Calif  of  Egypt  permitted  to  build  and  dedicate  to  St.  .John  the  Baptist,  a 

hospital  at  Amalfi,  to  receive  European  pilgrims  to  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  The  nurses  were 
known  by  the  title  first  given  above.  They  afterwards  assumed  the  name  of  Knights  of  St. 

John.  By  the  Seljuk  Turks  the  hospice  was  captured,  jrlundered  and  held  until  the  coiujuest 
of  Jerusalem  in  1099  by  Geotl'roy  de  Bullion,  who  found  Gerard,  the  first  superior,  in  prison. 
Reorganizing  the  order,  Gerard  recruited  it  considerably  from  the  re.seuing  Crusailers,  ami 
upon  all  the  members  taking  vows  of  poverty,  chastity  and  obedience  before  the  Patriarch  «if 
Jerusalem,  the  institution,  in  1118,  was  sanctioned  by  Pope  Pascal  1 1,  and  later  to  the  obliga- 
tion was  added  the  duty  of  fighting  against  the  infidels  and  defending  the  Holy  Sepulchre. 

An  the  force  grew  in  strength  it  Decanie  necessary  to  increase  its  accommodations  and  to  add 
to  its  iiower  and  influence,  various  hospices,  or  commaru/rrjVs  were  established  in  different 
maritime  towns  of  Europe,  and  subsequently  the  Order  was  divided  into  eight  languages. 

Provence,  Auvergne,  France,  Italy,  Aragon,  England,  Germany  and  Ca.stile;  each  nation 
having  .several  Grand  Priories,  which  controlled  a number  of  commanderies.  Persons  of  the 
highest  rank  and  great  fame  attached  themselves  to  the  Order,  and  its  wealth  became  immense. 

In  1187,  when  Haladin  captured  Jerusalem,  the  Knights  retired  to  Margat,  in  Phmuicia. 

They  were  forced  to  retreat  again  to  Acre,  in  128J,  and  yet  again,  in  1291  to  Limisso. 

Under  Grand  Master  Foulkes  de  Villaret,  the  Knights,  aided  by  Crusaders  from  Italy,  took 
from  the  Greek  and  Saracen  pirates,  the  Island  of  Rhodes  and  seven  others  adjacent,  and  from 
there  they  fought  the  Saracens  successfully,  until  l.")23,  when  they  were  obliged  to  surrender 
Rhodes  to  Sultan  Solyman,  after  which  they  retired,  first  to  Candia,  and  afterwards  to  Viterbo. 

The  Island  of  Malta,  with  Tripoli  and  Gozo,  were  given  the  Order  by  Charles  V,  in  l.j.80, 
and  they  waged  continual  war  therefrom  against  the  Turks  for  many  years. 

Through  degeneracy  in  the  moral  character  of  its  adherants  the  power  and  number  of  the 
Knights  declined,  after  the  Information,  and  in  1798  Malta  was  surrendered  to  the  French, 
the  wealth  and  lauds  still  bclougiug  to  them  being  soon  after  coufiseated  in  almost  all  the 
Eurojiean  States. 

The  Order  still  exists,  to  some  extent  in  Italv,  Ru.ssia  and  Spain,  the  Chief,  called  Peputy 
Grand  Master,  residing  in  the  later  country.  Iso  Grand  Master  hiusbeen  appointed  since  1801. 

The  monkish  habit  and  cowl,  with  Maltese  cross  on  the  left  breast  and  golden  cro.ss  in  centre, 
was  the  first  dress  of  the  memhers;  reil  simmals,  with  silver  cross  on  breast  and  hack,  was 
their  military  costume.  The  b ulge  of  the  Knights  is  a whilecnamele  1,  gold-edged,  Maltese 
cross,  with  various  emblems  thereon  in  signification  of  rank,  country,  < :e.  The  money  coined  4 

by  the  Order  at  diffenuit  da’es  and  under  the  several  Grand  Masters,  is  de  cribed  in  the  tables 
and  represented  on  the  Plates. 


^^imilrTryj 

_lMEAr^ 


"V.?A5> 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  malta 


27  i) 

Gold.  XIX.  3, 


280 


Silver.  Grand  Masters.  KNIGHTS  OF  MALTA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1.  Ferdinand  Ilomspescli. 

A Piece  of  30  Taurins.  833 

458 

382 

.79 

2. 

Emmanuel  Pinto. 

do  30  Ounces. 

715 

458 

325 

.67 

,3.  Struck  by  General  Vaubois.  Siege  Piece,  (Malta) 

828 

733 

605 

1.26 

4.  Emmanuel  De  Rohan. 

Scudo,  of  12  Taurins 

736 

187 

138 

.28 

5. 

do  do 

Piece  of  30  Taurins. 

833 

458 

382 

.79 

6.  Remond  Despuyg. 

Piece  of  2 Ecus. 

837 

378 

316 

.66 

Under  the  Romans  it  was  very  natural  that  the  coins  of  that  power  should 
he  substituted  for  all  others,  and  Gildas  asserts  that  an  edict  was  issutnl  and 
enforced  ordering  tliat  all  money  in  the  island  should  bear  the  image  and  sui>er- 
scriptiou  of  the  Roman  emperor.  The  immense  numl)er  of  i)ieces  of  this  class 
MOW  in  existence  prove  this  statement. 

About  the  year  4-)0,  after  the  linal  departure  of  the  Romans,  their  money 
continued  to  circulate  and  the  earliest  coins  of  the  Saxons,  their  succes.sors,  are 
the  silver  SceattfB,  but  it  is  uncertain  if  they  were  made  there  or  imported.  On 
the  establi.shment  of  the  several  kingdoms  of  the  Heptarchy,  money  was  struck 
in  each  of  them,  of  definite  form,  bearing  the  names  of  the  res|)ective  kings, 
thus  enabling  the  numismatist  to  assign  to  them,  with  a great  degree  of  proba- 
bility, their  proper  period  and  locality.  The  earliest  of  these  are  of  the 

Kinuis  ok  Kkxt,  of  whom  the  first  was : 

Elhilberht  I;  from  .WS  to  f,  15.  There  is  only  one  coin  known  of  this  king, 
a sceatta  of  silver,  and  then  there  is  a series  attiibuted  to  Ecgberht,  king  from 
()()5  to  673,  which  some  ascribe  to  the  division  of  Xorthumbria;  the  only  certain 
Kentish  coins  that  can  with  certainty  be  next  thus  cla.ssified  are  those  of  Etkil- 
berlit  II;  from  725  to  760.  This  king  commenced  his  reign  unitetl  to  Edbert, 
but  from  749  he  ruled  alone.  But  one  piece  is  ascribed  to  him,  iH-aring  the  wolf 
suckling  Romulus  and  Remus,  and  its  genuineness  is  much  snspt^'ted.  The  next: 
Eaclbearht,  or  Ethdberht,  surnamed  Frwn;  from  794  to  798.  Pennies  alone  are 
found  of  this  king,  and  tlie  names  of  three  moneyei-s  are  known. 

Cuthred;  from  798  to  805,  gives  oidy  pennies,  and  live  of  his  nioneyers 
names  have  lieen  deciphered. 

lialdred,  805  to  823,  was  the  last  king  of  Kent,  who  was  subdued  by  Ecg- 
berht  in  823.  His  coins  are  the  fimt  known  from  the  Canterbury  ^lint,  and  the 
first  instance  of  the  place  of  mintage  Ixdng  placed  u])on  a Saxon  coin. 

South  Saxons. — Xo  coinage  of  this  kingdom  has  ever  l)t*en  discovered. 

West  Saxons. — Certain  pieces  were  formerly  assigned  to  this  kingdom 
during  the  reigns  of  kings  Ethelheard  and  Brihtric,  but  it  has  In^en  conclusively 
proven  that  they  belong  elsewhere. 

Mekcta  furnishes  the  greatest  number  and  must  unintin  rupted  series  of  any 
kingdom  of  the  Ileiitarchy.  All  the  coins  are  silver  i)ennies,  and  present  many 
varieties  in  tyix^s;  they  are  of  the  reigns  of  Eadivald,  or  Ethdbald;  from  716  to 
7.57.  Offa;  from  757  to  71*6.  Ci/nelhryth,  (Incon  ot  OlTa,  and  JS'f/cier/d,  his  son, 
who  only  ruled  six  months  after  his  father’s  death,  also  left  silver  iK'imie.s. 
Coenudf;  from  796  to  818,  left  many  varieties.  Ccohvlf,  819,  reigned  but  one 
year,  and  his  i)ennies  .show  the  names  of  .stwen  moncyeix  Jkornfcidf,  S20  to 
824,  left  but  a few  coins,  and  of  Ludica,  824  to  825,  and  ]Viglaf,  825  to  8.39,  the 
SaiiK)  may  be  said.  Of  JkrhUdf^  8.39  to  852,  there  are  many  coins,  and  the  names 
of  fifteen  of  his  nioneyers  are  known.  The  pennies  of  Eunjred,  8.52  to  874,  are 
more  plenty  than  those  of  any  other  Mercian  inince.  lie  was  driven  from  the 
throne  and  the  ixiwer  seized  by  his  Minister  Ciolwlf  who  reigned,  until  in  a 
short  time  his  expulsion  terminated  in  the  indeiK*ndence  of  Mercia.  Ilis  coins 
are  very  rare. 

East  Anoues. — Reonaa,  about  7.50,  was  the  first  king  of  this  district.  Ho 
is  called  Ikorn,  and  by  some  JIumbeanna,  while  others  suppose  them  to  be  two 


•281 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  malta  SUver.  XIX. 


,, 


'""•lUiiiimil*"*'''  c 

< 


‘’"'Unnnnnmfi*'*^ 


Piiblishfid  by  A.  M.  Smith,  ' 
Post  OflSce  Box  754, 
Pnir-ADELi-uiA,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A, 


******»n»i  1 1 III 


282 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


<lilTerent  ix'i'son.s.  Ilis coins  of  silver,  in  size,  ;ii)i)eanmce  and  form  like  s»'eattaare 
very  rare.  After  him  came  Ethelred,  who  had  by  his  Queen  I,eofnma.Ar/i76rtct«.<, 
to  whom  one  unique  ])enny  is  jissigned.  The  history  of  Esust  Anjilia  al>out  the 
first  of  the  ninth  century,  is  almost  totally  obscuretl,  and  the  names  of  its  rulers 
unknown,  /ieor/drtc  is  a kinfj  known  only  by  a .single  coin.  Eadmund.  to 
S70  leaves  j)ennies.  lie  was  murdered  aiul  then  canonized,  and  is  commonly  called 
St.  Eadmund.  Ethehtan,  870  to  800,  was  baptized  in  that  name  in  878.  having 
been  convinted  to  Christianity.  lie  was  a Dane,  nanusl  Guthrum.  I’ennies, 
the  only  jiieces  he  coined,  are  rare.  There  was  only  one  king  of  East  Anglia 
after  him,  Eohric,  who  reigned  fourteen  yeai-s,  but  who  left  no  coins  as  yet 
discovered. 

Nokthumukhlani). — Here  there  are  many  i>eculiarities  in  the  size,  melals 
and  denominations  of  tlie  coinage.  There  are  tlie  Stycas,  of  metal,  <'ontainiug 
from  00  to  70  parts  of  copjHU-,  20  to  2o  of  zinc,  0 to  11  of  silver,  with  a little  gold, 
leail  and  tin  ; also  the  scealta*,  in  silver,  of  varied  fineness,  and  iK'iuiies  of  li  e 
usual  de.scriplion. 

EcyfritU,  070  to  085  ; a styca  of  copiier,  very  few  in  existence. 

Ahl/rut,  08.7  to  70.7 ; only  two  coins — a .sceatta*  of  good  silver,  and  a .styca 
of  mixed  copiier. 

Eadberld,  TM  to  7.78  ; the.se  are  a series  of  what  may  lie  called  .s<-eattaj,  of  a 
veiy  biuse  quality  ot  silver,  well  known  to  collectors,  and  are  those  jireviou.sly 
mentioned  as  having  been  as.sagned  to  Egclierlit,  King  of  Kent. 

^llclired,  70.7  to  774  ; one*  coin  formerly  suppos<‘d  to  be  of  those  alxjve. 

Elfuuld,  to  788  ; three  coins  only  and  their  origin  merely  .sjieculation. 

Jleurdidf,  704  to  800,  is  the  next,  the  gap  in  date  being  unaccounted  for; 
his  few  pieces  are  all  genuine  stycas,  of  ba.se  metal. 

Enured,  808  to  840  ; .same  as  the  lon’going,  but  the  coins  are  very  jileidy. 
Alfaold,  who  succeeded  Ileardulf  and  leigned  two  yeai-s.  left  no  coins  that  are 
known. 

.Ethelred,  840  to  848,  leaves  stycas  differing  generally  from  those  of  his  jire- 
deces.soi-s. 

liedulf,  844,  usuriH-d  and  held  the  throne  of  .,Ethelred  for  a lew  months, 
during  which  he  coined  stycas  of  base  metal.  The  rightful  king  soon  regained 
ixiwer. 

Osberchl,  848  to  807,  w;is  banished  in  802,  re.stored  in  807  to  share  the  throne 
Avith  Ella,  or  .Ella,  and  both  were  slain  in  battle  the  .same  year.  His  coins  are 
all  stycjus  and  very  rare.  Of  .zElla,  are  certain  pieces,  stycas.  which  may  or  may 
not  be  his,  the  claims  each  way  being  about  e(|ual. 

Iteynald,  012  to  044,  landed  aiul  established  himself  in  A'orlluunbria,  as 
above.  Coins  of  silver,  resembling  the  Saxon  penny;  very  rare.  He  was  ex- 
l*elled  in  044. 

Anlaf,  041  to  04.7,  was  called  King  of  Ireland,  the  .son  of  Guthfiirth,  landetl 
0.17,  in  Xorthumberland,  and  was  defeated;  041  he  was  eleeteil  king  by  the 
lH‘ople,  and  expelled  by  Edmund,  04.7.  His  coins  are  silver  iiennie.s,  very  rare, 
but  the  names  of  eleven  moneyei-s  appear  on  those  in  exi.stence.  Analf,  son  of 
Sihtric,  succeeded  Analf,  son  of  Guthferth  ; and  there  is  .some  trouble  in  deter- 
mining between  the  coins  of  the  two  like-named  kings. 

J?nc,  927  to  0.71  ; son  of  Harold  of  Norway,  was  placed  by  yElhelstan  lus 
his  feudatory  king  in  Northumlierland.  He  was  afterwards  exjielled,  but  re- 
calleil  and  electtHl  by  the  iK'ople  in  040,  to  lie  again  dethroiusl  in  two  yearn,  and 
killed.  He  was  the  last  of  the  royal  line  of  governoi-s,  the  subseiiuenl  ones  l>eing 
only  earls.  His  coins  are  silver  pennie.s,  and  very  nire.  After  the  death  of  Eric 
Northumberland  was  addisl  by  Eadred  to  his  dominions. 

Saints. — Before  giving  a list  of  the  coins  struck  by  the  sole  monarchs,  it  is 
proper  here  to  mention  a few  jiieces  bearing  the  names  of  various  saints,  coineil 
iiy  virtue  of  authority  granted  to  certain  abbots  for  that  juiiTiose,  and  the  date  of 
w hich  cannot  be  accurately  stated. 


28:; 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  afrka  Silver.  XIX. 


1. 

Sierra  Leone  Co. 

1 Dollar. 

.''17 

405 

331 

.09 

2. 

do  do 

\ do 

617 

202 

165 

.34 

3. 

George  III. 

.\ckey  Trade  Dollar. 

92.5 

210 

200 

.41 

4. 

do 

Trade  Dollar. 

925 

210 

200 

.41 

5. 

Sierra  Leone  Co. 

.20  Cents. 

817 

81 

00 

.13 

G. 

George  III. 

i Ackey  Dollar. 

925 

108 

100 

.20 

do 

i Trade  do 

925 

108 

100 

.20 

S. 

do 

10  Cents. 

817 

40 

3.3 

.07 

9. 

do 

25  Sous. 

457 

52 

24 

.0.5 

10. 

do 

50  do 

457 

104 

48 

.10 

284 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

St.  Peter ^ all  of  silver,  size  ami  form  of  i>ennies  ; struck  at  York. 

St.  Martin,  only  two  siwcimens  extant ; i>ennies,  stnick  at  tlie  city  of 
Lincoln. 

St  Edtnund,  penny  and  lialf-j)enny,  struck  at  St  Edinundsbury  alxiut  950. 

Ar(  HiiiSHOPS. — ilishops,  abbots,  and  archbishops  were,  in  early  times, 
friven  iHumission  to  strike  money,  but  tlie  latter  alone  were  allowe<l  to  stamp 
tlieir  own  portraits  on  the  coin.  The  right  was  withdrawn  in  924,  by  .^thel- 
.sfan,  who  ordered  that  all  the  money  in  tlie  kingdom  should  be  uniform  ; after 
that  the  ecclesia.stical  mintages  were  distinguished  from  the  royal  only  by  some 
licculiar  marks,  and  even  these  were  bani.shed  in  the  reign  of  Henry  Vill.  Men- 
tion is  here  confined  to  pieces  struck  by  the  Sees  of  Canterbury  and  York,  prior 
to  the  rastrictions  imiiosed  by  iEthelstan.  The  earliest  authentic  coin  originating 
at  the  mint  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  is  a very  rare  jienny  of  Jnenbrht, 
wlio  held  that  See  from  703  to  790,  ami  on  this  he  is  unitol  with  the  King  of 
Mercia. 

^Ethilheard  Ahp,  790  to  803,  contemporary  with  Offa  and  Coenwlf,  kings  of 
^lercia,  and  both  their  names  occur  on  his  coins,  which  are  very  rare. 

Vulfred,  803  to  8.30,  on  his  i>ennies  dropped  the  king’s  name,  placing  his  owu 
and  his  portrait  on  the  Obveme. 

Theoqild  succeeded  Ynlfred,  but  held  the  See  only  three  months  and  left  no 
coins. 

Ceulnoth,  Ahp,  8.30  to  870,  put  his  name,  bust  and  titles  on  iKumies,  of  which 
several  exist. 

Ethcred,  Ahp.  871  to  890 ; only  one  coin  known,  devices  as  preceding. 

Plcijmund,  891  to  923,  left  a few  of  his  pennies  with  name  and  title,  but  no 
|)ortrait. 

The  coins  of  the  anddiishops  of  York  were  styca.s.  until  thev  were  jiatterneil 
after  the  regal  coins,  ami  then  some  symliol  or  mint-mark  wa.s  the  di.stinguishing 
feature. 

Enhald,  790,  is  the  timt  of  this  See  whose  styca.s  are  known,  but  he  Ls  prob- 
ably the  second  of  that  name  ; there  are  many  varieties. 

Mi/mund,  851,  succeeded  Wulsins,  the  immediate  succes.sor  of  Embald, 
who  left  no  coins.  Vigmund  left  several  types. 

Ulfhere,  854  to  892,  the  last  Archbishop,  whose  name  occui-s  on  York 
mintage  ; his  stycas,  very  rare,  resemble  the  former  one.s. 

MONAUCIIS  OF  KXCI.ANU. 

Ecqheorht,  800  to  837,  became  King  of  the  AVest  Saxoms,  called  his  terri- 
toii(‘s  England,  and  coiaiuered  nearly  all  of  South  Britain.  II is  pennies  are 
\ ery  rare. 

Ethelwlf.  837  to  850,  son  of  the  above,  succeeding  only  to  the  West  Saxon 
dominions  : Kent,  Es.sc>x,  Sus.sex  and  Surry,  going  to  ..Ethelstan,  on  who.s<i 
death,  8.52,  they  reverted  to  Ethelwlf,  Fifty  varietiesof  his  laMinies  are  known. 

.Ethelhalel,  8.55  to  800,  son  of  Ethelwlf,  seized  on  We.st  Saxony  in  8.55  and 
held  it  until  his  death.  Only  one  coin  of  his  ever  known. 

.cEthelhearht,  856  to  800,  second  son  of  Ethelwlf,  succee<led  to  Kent,  etc., 
on  his  father’s  death,  and  to  West  Saxony  after  his  brother.  Sixty  varietie.s  of 
his  coin  known. 

yEthclred,  800  to  871,  brother  of  the  above.  Coins  not  numerous,  very 
light  and  of  debased  silver. 

.Elf  red,  872  to  901,  brother  of  the  alwve.  Coins  very  rare,  mostly  pen- 
nies ; hut  some  pieces  are  in  existence  that  are  not  of  that  cla.s.s. 

Eadweard,  901  to'92.5,  son  of  yElfred.  Coins  : i)ennie.s,  half-iHUice  or  thinks 
of  iHumies ; atmut  eighty  varieties  known. 

.Eliielstan,  925  to  ‘.)4l,  succeeded  his  father,  and  regulatwl  the  mints  in 
various  towns  ; conferred  ui>on  some  ecclesiasticals  the  privilege  of  .striking 


280 


V 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

money,  but  ordered  it  all  to  l)e  of  one  (the  repal)  tyix*.  About  sixty  variations 
of  mints  and  110  of  moneys  occur  uikmi  his  coins  : all  iKUinies,  of  good  silver. 

Eadmund,  941  to  94(5,  brother  of  foregoing  ; and  his  coins  all  of  like  char- 
acter. Over  100  tyi)es  known. 

Eadred,  940  to  955 ; types  of  coins  (120  known)  similar  to  tho.s<‘  of  his 
predeces.soi's. 

Eidwig,  955  to  959,  son  of  Eadmnnd  ; 30  varieties.  Tyi)es  like  the  alxive. 

Erdgar,  958  to  975,  brother  of  Eaclwig,  during  whose  life  he  had  beea 
elected  King  of  all  the  country  between  the  Thames  and  the  I'irth  of  Forth; 
after  his  brother’s  death,  958,  he  became  King  of  all  llritain,  l)eing  the  Ih-st 
monarch  to  rule  over  all  the  really  and  i)ermanently  united  Kingdom  of  the 
Heptarchy.  Coins  similar  to  the  othei’s,  though  generally  lighter ; 170 
moueyer’s!  names  and  over  70  mints  mentioned  on  his  varieties. 

Eadweard  II,  “ The  Martyr,”  975  to  978,  eldest  .son  of  above,  succeeding  at 
the  age  of  13  ; murdered  by  command  of  his  .step-mother,  Elfrida.  Coins  like 
his  father’s,  with  one  excei»tion,  and  numerous. 

^Ethelnvd  11,  978  to  1010,  succeeded  his  murdered  half-brother;  pa.s.serl 
laws  for  regulation  of  coinage.  Ilis  money  presents  .some  novelties  of  type  and 
appearance,  and  is  (^uite  numerous,  over  250  varieties  being  known. 

Cnut,  101(5,  to  1035.  Sweyne.  King  of  Denmark,  had  in  1013,  gained 
poese.ssion  of  part  of  Britain,  and  iEthelrsed  took  refuge  in  Xormaudy.  Cnut 
claime<l  the  dominion  of  his  father,  Sweyne,  and  fought  hard  against  yEthelned 
and  his  son,  Edmond  Ironsides  (who  left  no  coins),  and  finally  obtained  rule 
over  the  whole  kingdom.  Of  Sweyne,  no  English  coins  are  known  ; but  the 
money  of  Cnut  is  very  plentiful,  340  moneyers  being  mentioned  and  more  places 
of  mintage  than  any  other  king. 

Harold  I,  1035  to  1040,  sou  of  Cnut.  TIis  i)ennies  are  very  light  ; .50 
varieties  known. 

Harthaenut,  1040  to  1042,  elected  to  .succeed  his  brother.  English  and 
Danish  coins  api)ear  in  this  reign  ; all  very  rare. 

Edward  “ 37ie  Confessor,"  1042  to  10(5(5.  Coins  various  in  tyi)e,  size  and 
weight ; half-i)ence  and  farthings  were  formed  by  cutting  the  i)enny  into  two  or 
four  parts.  Alx»ut  400  varieties. 

Harold  II,  10(5(3,  succeeded  Edward  and  reigned  only  nine  months  ; killed 
at  the  battle  of  Ha.stings.  Coins  numerous. 

William  the  Conqueror,  10(3(5  to  1087,  and  William  Itufus,  1087  to  1100. 
Tlie  money  of  both  these  kings  imitates  that  of  their  Saxon  i)redeces.sors  so 
clo.sely  that  it  is  hard  to  distinguish  to  which  one  of  them  the  piec(«  belong. 
Pennies  alone  were  coined,  and  must  have  been  struck  in  a collar,  for  they  are 
uniformly  round.  Pieces  plentifnl. 

Henry  I,  1100  to  1135,  regulated  coinage  and  pas.setl  severe  laws  against 
eounterfeitei-s  and  deba.sei’s.  Pennies  only  known  of  types  and  forms  very 
various. 

Stephen,  11.35  to  11.54.  usurped  the  throne  after  Henry’s  death,  dissipated 
the  treasury  atid  debased  the  coin.  Very  few  of  his  pieces  are  extant ; all  that 
are  known  are  of  good  silver. 

Henry,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  the  legitimate  brother  of  .Stephen.  One  coin 
is  known  as  struck  by  his  authority. 

Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  illegitimate  .son  of  Henry.  One  tyix>  of  coin 
known. 

Stephen  and  Matilda:  One  tyi)e  supi)o.sed  to  have  been  struck  when 
Matilda,wife  of  Stephen,  took  command  of  the  army  and  liberated  her  husband 
when  he  w;us  a pri.soner. 

Eustace,  elder  son  of  Stephen  and  Governor  of  York.  Two  varieties  very 
j-are  and  very  imperfect. 

William,  son  of  Stephen,  has  two  coins  ascribed  to  him,  but  it  is  doubtful 
if  they  are  rightly  assignexl. 


286 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Henry  II,  lir>4  to  1180,  adopted  a new  monev  which  was  verv  poorly 
minted,  iiTegular  in  size  and  shajK*  and  in  parts  illegible.  In  1180  he  sent  for  a 
foreign  artist,  Philip  Ayniary  of  Tows,  to  improve  his  coinage,  and  it  liecame 
round  and  legible,  but  otherwise  not  much  benefite<l.  Coins  numerous. 

Richard  I and  John  : No  English  money  known. 

Henry  III,  P21(j  to  1272  : Pennies  oidy  known. 

Edward  I,  1272  to  1.‘507.  coined  i)cnnies,  half-i)ence  and  farthings;  and  the 
original  groat  is  by  some  assigned  to  this  reign,  and  it  is  generally  Ixdieved  that 
he  lirst  caused  that  coin  to  be  .struck.  Many  varieties. 

Edward  II,  i:i07  to  1:527 : Coinage  of  sjune  weight,  sbmdard  and  tyi*  jus 
that  of  his  father,  but  some  distinguishing  mint  marks  ; not  very  rare. 

h'dward  III,  1.‘527  to  i:i77,  struck  groats,  half-groats,  iieniiies,  half-ixmce 
and  larthings,  very  many  varieties. 

Richard  II,  1:577  to  i:5!»b  : same  coins,  t>i)es.  etc.,  as  his  predeces.sor. 

Henry  IV,  13!»1»  to  141.‘5. 

Henry  P,  14i:5  to  1422. 

Henry  VI,  1422  to  14(11.  There  is  no  certainty  of  the  coins  of  any  of  these 
Ilenrys,  so  far  as  the  date  is  conceniHl  ; the  tyiies  are  .similar  and  the  coinage 
almost  identical. 

Edward  IV,  14r>l  to  148.3  : Same  as  the  Ilenrys. 

Edward  V,  1483,  is  .said  to  have  had  coins  struck,  but  none  have  Ijeen 
discovered. 

Richard  HI,  V, 8-1  to  IJ^SS : Similar  to  the  Ilenrys  and  Edwards;  but  no 
farthings  known. 

Henry  VII,  143')  to  loC9 : .Same  as  alnive ; some  variation  in  device,  and 
many  varietie.s. 

Henry  VIII,  l.lOO  to  1.747  : Five  different  clas.ses  of  coinage,  all  varv  ing  in 
tyjx',  weight  and  lineness  of  metal.  Plenty. 

Edward  VI,  1-747  to  1.153,  tried  to  Ijet ter  the  disgracefully  deba.se<l  money 
of  his  father  without  great  .success.  He  ordereil  testooirs,  or  shillings,  to  1h*  struck 
with  eiiual  iiarts  of  silver  and  alloy,  and  of  the  weight  of  eighty  grain.s,  and  in 
1551  coimiKmced  the  circulation  of  crowns,  half-crowns,  .shilling.s,  six-pences 
and  tlnee-iK'iices,  and  ixnnies.  There  are  many  varieties,  with  many  viuiatious 
of  tinenes.s. 

Mary,  1.5.53  to  1.5.58,  announced  her  intention  of  restoring  the  coinage  of  its 
original  highest  standard,  but  she  made  it  lower  than  ever. 

Elizabeth,  15.58  to  1()02,  set  seriously  to  work  to  restore  the  .standard.  In 
the  second  year  of  her  reign  she  had  struck  pieces  of  three-lialf-iience  and  three- 
f irthmgs,  never  coined  before  or  since.  In  1.561  the  mill  and  .screw  process  was 
intriKluced  by  a Frenchman  ; and  the  pieces  thus  coined  are  known  as  milled 
money.  Many  varieties  in  this  reign. 

James  I,  in03  to  l(i25  : On  his  accession  the  two  Kingdoms  of  England  and 
Scotland  were  united  and  a new  coinage  was  ordered,  of  standard  fineness, 
11  oz.,  2dwt.  of  silver  with  18  dwts.  of  alloy;  weight,  7f  J gr.  to  the  penny. 
.Many  varieties  and  tyi>es. 

Charles  I,  1625  to  1640,  improved  the  appearance  of  his  coins  and  kept  up 
the  standard.  Very  many  varieties. 

Commonwealth  : Parliament  seized  the  tower  and  mint  in  1642,  and  struck 
money  from  the  King’s  dies,  coining  none  in  their  own  name,  until  after  the 
exe<mtion  of  Charles,  their  first  pieces  bearing  date  1(540.  The  standanl  was 
that  of  Eliziilieth. 

Charles  II,  uix)n  his  restoration,  1(560,  coined  money  like  his  father’s, 
refusing  to  use  the  mill  and  .screw  and  striking  his  pieces  by  the  hammer,  which 
was  last  employe<l  for  this  purjKxse  in  his  reign. 

James  II,  1685  to  1688,  coiuluctetl  his  coinage  uimiu  the  same  principles  as 
that  of  his  brother,  in  denomination,  size,  weight  and  fineness. 

William  and  Mary,  1688  to  1695,  i.ssuetl  coinage  identical  with  that  of 
.lames  II. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


287 


William  HI,  1(>95  to  1702,  made  no  change  in  weight  or  fineness,  but 
altered  tlie  type  of  Ids  money. 

Annf,  1702  to  1714,  continued  the  standard  of  lier  i)iedecessors. 

Georye  I,  1714  to  1727,  made  no  change  in  denomination,  size,  weight  or 
fineness. 

George  IT,  1727  to  1700.  same  as  iweeeding. 

Georye  III,  1700  to  1820,  no  cliange. 

Georye  1 1',  182t>  to  1830  : A new  coinage  on  the  siime  principles. 

Victoria,  1830  to  , a new  coinage  on  the  higli  standard,  as  befon*, 

and  varied  according  to  necessity  of  providing  .siHJcial  pieces  for  colonial 
lM)s.sesions. 


288 


Silver.  XIXJ. 


Seiivia,  Silver  Coixs,  all  900  fine.  Xo.  1.  2 Dinar,  worth  about  39 
cents  ; No.  2,  1 Dinar  ; and  No.  3 i.s  a piece  of  oO  l^iras,  equal  to  about  10  cents 
or  a ^ Dinar. 

Servi.v  is  a kin<?doni  of  Ea.stern  Euroiie,  borderiiiR  on  Slavonia,  Walla- 
cbia,*  Bulfiaria,  Bo.sinia  and  Hungary,  from  wbicb  la.st  named  country  it  is 
•separated  by  the  Danube.  By  the  Berlin  Treaty  of  1878,  its  area  was  increa.sed 
to  18,787  sipiare  miles  ; ]x)i)ulation  (in  1883),  1,820,000.  The  country  is  moun- 
tainous, its  valleys  fertile,  producing,  when  cultivated,  go(Kl  crops  of  com  and 
other  cereals ; sjiid  to  be  rich  in  minerals.  The  chief  trade  is  with  Austria  and 
Turkey;  principal  exiiorts ; swine,  cattle,  i)nines,  grain,  wine  and  timber,  amount- 
ing (in  1882)  to  88,819,31').  Kevenue  $7,473,000.  J’uldic  debt,  Novenil)er,  1884, 
about  $35,000,000,  one-half  of  which  was  contracted  for  railroad.  No  oflicial 
financial  reixirts  i)ublished.  Capital,  Belgrade, 


GREECE, 


Gold.  XIXf. 


' 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

No. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

OF 

Coin. 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Othon  I.  (Gold.) 

20  Drachmas. 

900 

89 

80 

$3.44 

3. 

do 

40  do 

900 

178 

160 

6.88 

GUKKCK,  a maritime  kingdom  in  the  Bouth-cast  of  Europe,  comitoscd  of  a 
continental  portion,  almost  separated  into  two  parts  bj'  the  Gulfs  of  Patras  and 
Eepanto  on  the  west,  and  the  Gulf  of  Aigina  on  the  ea.st,  the  Archipelago  of  the 
yEgean  Sea  and  the  Ionian  Island.s,  and  is  divided  into  thirteen  provinces,  called 
Nomarchies.  Total  area,  20,018;  population  (1879),  1,979,423.  Vegetation  is  varied 
but  agriculture  is  backward.  ^Minerals:  lead,  magnesite  and  chromate  of  iron,  which 
are  all  exported;  al.so  niw  produce,  currants,  figs,  fruits,  tobacco,  wine,  olive  oil, 
honey,  wax,  gum,  silk,  valonia,  and  sponges,  amounting  in  1881  to  $12,091,160. 
This  country  is  under  a paper  money  regime.  In  February,  1883,  the  premium  on 
gold  W'as  15  per  cent.,  and  even  fractional  money  was  scarce. 


>4AP4XMir 


5 APAXMAl 

I 8 3 5 A ^ 


'jaWAXME 
Vis  34J?' 


(a'JOINlE'^M 


t aPAXMH 
i»,  * 1 8 5 3 


50 AEHTa 


L ^ 


jdPAV' 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION.  • 

COIN. 

I-TNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Cjin. 

GRAINi* 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Otliou  I.  [Silver.) 

5 Draehinas. 

900 

345 

310 

.64 

2. 

do 

i do 

900 

17 

15 

.03 

3. 

do 

J do 

900 

34 

30 

.06 

4. 

Capo  DTstria.  (Republic.) 

1 Pliamix. 

900 

47 

42 

.OSi 

5. 

Otlion. 

1 Draelinia. 

900 

69 

62 

.13 

6. 

George  I.  (of  Denmark.)  • 

5 do 

900 

385 

346 

.72 

7. 

do  do 

oO  Lepti. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

8. 

do  do 

1 Draelima. 

90Ql 

77 

69 

.14 

9. 

.j  g do  do 

2 do 

99 

154 

138 

•28 

290 


Silver. 


HAYTI. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVtIGHT  GRAINb 
OF  1 PURE 
Coin.  |Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ilayti. 

Royal  Dollar. 

•lOO 

2. 

do 

Dollar  of  lOOCts. 

159 

3. 

do 

i do 

78 

4. 

do 

1 do 

39 

5. 

do 

15  Sols. 

72  It  is  impo.ssihle  to  aj)- 

6. 

do 

7J  do 

55  proach  with  accuraev 

7. 

St.  Domingo. 

4 Escalin. 

13  the  purity  and  fineness 

s. 

Ilayti. 

12  Centimes. 

21  of  the  coins  of  Havti. 

ft. 

do 

i Dollar. 

38  The  average  value  of 

10. 

do 

4 do 

78  the  genuine  dollar  is 

11. 

do 

30  Sols. 

95  about  25  ct.s. 

12. 

do 

15  do 

72  Every  piece  is  coun- 

13. 

do 

74  do 

55  terfeited  large’v. 

1-*. 

St.  Domingo. 

2 Esealin. 

55 

15. 

do 

1 do 

27 

Hi. 

Hayti. 

i Dollar. 

38 

17. 

do 

C Centimes. 

10 

HAYTI.  This  Re’-ublic  is  the  western  or  French  portion  of  the  Island  of 
San  Domingo,  which  nexi  to  Cuba,  is  the  largest  of  the  West  India  Islands.  Total 
area,  28,000  square  miles,  of  which  about  one-third  belongs  to  Ilayti;  population, 
about  550,000.  Tortuga,  Gonave  and  other  islands  belong  to  Ilayti.  Revolutions 
have  almost  annihilated  its  commercial  prosperity,  and  kept  finances  in  chronic  dis- 
order. It  is  said  to  have  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  tin  and  iron.  Its  princii>al 
exports:  mahoganj',  logwood,  honey,  coffee  and  cocoa,  amounting  in  1881  to  $0,240, - 
400. 

HAYTI,  Silver.  XXL 


IX 


Silver.  XXL 


‘291 


Silver.  XXL 


Gold.  HOLLAND. 


No. 

pp:riod 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

j FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Louis  Bonaparte. 

20  Floriu.s. 

913 

212 

193 

8..30 

2. 

Republic  Batavia. 

Ryder. 

917 

l.">4 

1411 

6.07 

3. 

William  II. 

10  Florins. 

900 

103 

9.3 

4.00 

4. 

Republic  Bavaria. 

i Rider. 

917 

77 

70 

3.01 

.5- 

William  I. 

10  Florins. 

9a0 

104 

94 

4.04 

6. 

do 

Dueat. 

9.S0 

54 

52 

2.23 

7. 

Louis  Bonaparte. 

do 

982 

.^>4 

52i 

2.25 

8. 

do 

do 

978 

.54 

53 

2.27 

9. 

William  I. 

5 Florins. 

900 

52 

40 

1.97 

10. 

William  1 1. 

do 

900 

53 

4fi 

1.97 

11. 

Republic  Batavia. 

Ducat. 

982 

51 

.52  i 

2.25 

12. 

Louis  Bonaparte. 

10  Florins. 

913 

107 

97 

4.17 

13. 

William  II. 

Ducat. 

980 

54 

52 

2.23 

HOLLAND  OR  NETHKRLAN D.S, 

a maritime  kingdom  of  Centml 

Europe,  situate  on  tlie  Xorth  Sea,  consisting  of  eleven  provinces,  including  part  of 
the  Duchy  of  Limburg.  Total  area,  12,741  square  miles;  population  (Jan.  1,  18S.j), 
4,225,005.  The  king  is  also  sovereign  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxemburg,  contain- 
ing 999  square  miles;  209,520  inhabitants.  Diamond  cutting  is  a special  industr)'. 
Chief  exports:  refined  sugar,  flax,  cheese,  butter,  sheep,  madder,  etc.,  amounting 
in  188.3  to  $300,824,984.  Exports  of  gold  and  silver,  in  coin  and  bars  during  1883, 
1,475,757  florins  ($593,254.31);  circulation  December  29,  1883,  in  Government  notes, 
$3,787,053;  in  bank  notes,  $75,403,082. 


•293 


HOLLAND. 


Gold  XXII.  . 


2U4 


Silver. 


HOLLAND. 


! PERIOD 

COIN. 

VVhICHT 

GRAINS 

■|  OR  SECTION. 

FINE. 

OF 

PURE 

VALUE. 

t TT 

CniN. 

SlI.VKR 

AVilliam  I. 

"William  III. 

Louis  Napoleon. 
AVni.  V.Stadtlioldor. 
William  II. 
do 

Wni.  V.  Stadtholder. 


3 do 
2i  do 
50  Stivers. 
Florin. 

10  Cents. 
25  do 
1 Guilder. 


047 

807 

H47 

017 

04(> 

G40 

640 

907 


363 

495 

335 

44) 

155 

21 

55 

162 


370 

440 

370 

402 

4!J 

13 

35 

146 


91 

S3 

93 

02} 

07 

30 


295 


Silver.  HOLLAND. 


WEIGHT  GRAINS 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtlUtll 

OF 

Coin. 

OKAINS 
1 PURE 
Sn.vuR 

VAI 

I. 

■Wiu.  V.  StiiJtholder. 

liix  Dollar. 

b()6 

440 

382 

.73 

'2. 

do 

do 

8C') 

440 

382 

.79 

3. 

do 

3 Guilders. 

8G6 

440 

382 

.79 

4. 

da 

do 

806 

44D 

382 

.79 

Ct. 

AVilliam  I.  King. 

i Florin. 

8!»7 

S3 

',3 

.15 

6. 

do 

25  Cents. 

507 

Go 

36 

.07 

7. 

do 

10  and 

506 

27 

15 

.031 

■i» 

5 Cts. 

56J 

13 

7 

.o;i 

•2'J7 


^^viiunnMiriTR^ 


11  »o. 


l?'5<i. 


il/  (1  ^ 


298 


Silver.  HOLLAND.  COLONIES. 


1 Xo. 

I 

p?:rtod 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

URAI.NS 

PURE 

Silver 

V.'VLUE. 

1. 

\Villiaiu  I. 

Gu'den. 

943 

155 

146 

.30 

2. 

do 

i Gulden. 

5-o6 

62 

36 

.07 

3. 

Of  ISatavia. 

i do 

906 

38 

34 

.07 

4. 

do 

4 do 

906 

18 

16 

.03 

Of  India  Islands. 

Roil  pee. 

S40 

202 

170 

.35 

ti. 

do  do 

do 

847 

200 

170 

.35 

7, 

do  do 

do 

837 

200 

168 

.35 

8. 

do  do 

4 Gulden. 

896 

82 

73 

.15 

9. 

do  do 

Gulden. 

914 

166 

152 

.31 

10. 

do  do 

i Gulden. 

911 

81 

74 

.15 

11. 

do  ilo 

12. 

do  do 

Roup^e. 

600 

177 

106 

O.) 

1.3. 

do  do 

do 

87D 

202 

167 

.34 

14. 

d ) do 

do 

802 

183 

147 

.30 

f 


2?1) 


HOLLAND,  kast  indies. 


Silver.  XXIT.  , 


300 


Silver.  HOLLAND,  coiomes. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtUiHT  GKAl.NS 
OF  1 PURE 

Coin.  |.Sii.vkr 

VALUE. 

1. 

Of  Rataviii. 

J Crown. 

Partieulars  unknown. 

2. 

Netherlands. 

i Real. 

do  do 

3. 

do 

8 Reals. 

9ir 

183  167 

.31 

•1. 

Colonial. 

1 10  Gulden,  10  cts.  IMo 

16  1.3 

.03 

5. 

Of  Ratavia. 

1 Crown. 

Particulars  unknown. 

Netherlands. 

Gulden. 

906 

163  147 

.30 

1 . 

do 

1 Real. 

Particulars  unknown. 

8. 

<lo 

-i  Reals. 

do  do 

9. 

do 

8 do 

do  do 

1 


j 

i 


d 


HOLLAND,  east  INDIES 


302 

Silver.  HOLLAND,  colonies. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAI.NS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 
*). 


These  Coins  from  i to  6,  are 
the  “Lump  Mmey"  of  Java 
during  the  Hindoo  rcriod,  prior 
to  Batavia  s rule. 


'I  he  n.ime  given  to 
this  money  by  the  peo- 
ple who  used  it  is  un- 
known. 'I  here  is  none 
now  in  circuUtion,  and 
those  inexistence  have 
been  found  in  graves 
and  taken  out  of  the 
earth. 


Theliinip  or  square  indentation  with 
three  lOi  us  leaves,  is  found  on  ai ) i hesc 
lumps, oftentimes  both  marks.  Weight, 
fineness  and  value  cannot  be  given, 
as  (here  is  not  the  least  uniformity*. 

The  Specimens  c'>mmand  a high 
price,  for  collections. 


8. 

i). 

10. 


11. 


12. 


Of  India. 
Batavia. 
Of  India, 
do 
do 


Ducaton. 

!M1 

500 

470 

.9S 

1 Crown. 

Particulars  unknown. 

1-20  Guillen. 

000 

8 

7 

.01 

i do 

900 

42 

38 

.07 

3 Gulden. 

9fl 

490 

4(U 

.9G 

BERT  A.  GILLHAM 
Rockford,  Iowa 


303 


304 

Silver. 


ITALY 


Xo. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTIOX. 

COIX. 

hVliUJHT  GRAINS 
FIXE.  OK  I PURE 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ileouhlip 

1 Coin.  [.Silver 

3. 

4. 

5. 
G. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

II. 

13. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

lliimhert  I. 
do 


30  Soldi. 
One  Lire. 
10  Soldi. 
30  do 


10  do 
0 do 
5 Li.'e. 

2 do 
5 Soldi. 

5 Lire.  (1879). 
2 do  (1884). 


(1804). 

do 

do 

do 


900 

900 

90) 

900 

900 

90) 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 


300 

89 

G3 

41 

CO 

31 

I'J 

319 

131 

23 

3S.-> 

104 


370 
80 
5G 
40 
31 
38 
1 1 
3j7 
i;i 
30 
31G 
1.38 


..>o 

.IG 

.11 

.08 

.11 

.Oi 

.03 

.30 

.33 

.01 

.33 


ITALY. 


Gold.  XXIII.  , 


^ORti 


mEZZA 

iPOPPIA 


doppiaW> 


3 


DOPPIA. 


J>OPPIAi1>||§  ^ 


.DENAJU  8, 


1804  3U 


1814 


Ilepublic. 

2.  do 

3.  do 

•I.  do 

I).  do 

0.  Monnrcliy. 

7.  do 


Doppia. 

900 

1 do 

900 

Doppia. 

900 

1 do 

900 

Dmpia. 

9;)0 

40  Lire. 

900 

20  do 

900 

188 

1G9 

$7.37 

94 

84i 

3.G3 

188 

1G9 

7.27 

94 

841 

3.G.3 

124 

nil 

4.80 

300 

ISO 

7.71 

100 

90- 

3.87 

ITALY 


Silver. 


30.'» 

XXIIl. 


toiVsOLD 


SCUDO 

DA 

L I R F 


lire 


2 f UA  rs 
p-  ffi  SOLDI  J| 


denari.  3.0 


; lO 

SOLDI 


ANNO.ir. 


1804.III 


[sbtiiii 


SOLDI 


LIRE 


ANNO.lI 


DENARI. 8 


1804.  (II 


fSOLD  I* 


LIRA 


1B04.UI 


DENARI  4 


10 


306 


Silver.  ITALY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Naj)oU'on.  18  I'raucs,  40  Ccntiiues. 

1849 

'I'he  fineness  and  |iu* 
rity  of  these  Coins  can* 
not  be  determined.']  hey 

-■ 

do 

9 Francs,  20  Centimes. 

.918 

passed  at  the  time  for 
the  value  stamped  upon 
them. 

3. 

4. 

Napoleon. 

do 

5 Francs. 

50  Centimes. 

600 

450 

195 

270  ..56 

See  remarks  above. 

5. 

do 

1 Franc. 

600 

86 

51 

.10 

C. 

do 

10  Soldi. 

303 

88 

27 

.05 

7. 

do 

4 FTanes,  60  Centimes. 

457 

See  remarks  above. 

3. 

do 

10  Francs. 

600 

910 

546 

1.14 

Silver.  ITALY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAI.Nb 

PURE 

Silver 

VALL 

1. 

Monarchy. 

5 Lire. 

903 

385 

347 

.72 

do 

15  Soldi. 

901 

56 

50 

.10 

3. 

do 

10  do 

903 

39 

36 

.07 

4. 

do 

2 Lire. 

904 

155 

140 

.29 

6. 

do 

5 Soldi. 

903 

19 

17 

.03 

6. 

do 

1 Lire. 

904 

77 

70 

.14 

307 


ITALY.  Silver.  XXI ll.  , 


308 


Silver.  ITALY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Gaul,  Sub  Alpine, 

5 Francs. 

892 

385 

346 

.72 

2. 

Savoy  & Piemont. 

Scudo,  vecchio. 

917 

413 

.376 

.78 

3. 

Cis  Alpine  Republic. 

.30  Soldi. 

684 

113 

77 

.16 

4. 

Savoy  & Piemont. 

Dueatone. 

!t44 

490 

460 

.96 

Cis  Alpine  Republic. 

Scudo. 

8<)6 

355  ’ 

319 

.66 

6. 

Charles  Emanuel  III. 

i Scudo. 

903 

271 

244 

.51 

j 

I 


kingdom  in  tlie  south  of  Europe,  consisting  of  a peninsula,  the 
large  islands  of  Sicily  and  Sardinia,  the  Island  of  Elba,  and  about  06  minor  islands. 
Total  area,  111,40.5  square  miles;  total  population,  28,459,028.  The  kingdom  is  divi- 
ded for  administrative  purposes  into  09  provinces;  tbe  small  community  of  San 
Marino,  enclo.scd  within  it  alone,  retained  its  indei)endcnt  form  of  government 
when,  in  1870,  the  complete  unity  of  tbe  country  under  one  crown  was  finally 
effected,  and  Rome  once  more  made  the  capital  of  Italy.  The  country  produces 
many  and  line  wines.  Tuscany,  Liguria  and  the  Province  of  Bari  furnish  the  finest 
olives  and  olive  oil;  the  cultivation  of  silk  is  extensive;  exquisite  fruits  abound,  the 
supply  of  sea  and  fresh  water  fish  is  plentiful.  Minerals:  iron,  galena,  zinc,  copper, 
manganese  and  antimony  ores,  sulpliur,  gyi)sum,  amianthus,  alum  and  boracic  acid! 
Silver  is  found  in  Sardinia,  and  some  gold  in  the  Alps.  Salt,  a government  monop- 
oly, is  supplied  from  11  salines,  and  deposits  of  native  salt  are  common  in  the  Apen- 
nines. Principal  exports:  olive  oil,  wine,  raw  and  thrown  silk,  hemp,  cattle,  straw 
hats,  rice,  iron,  zinc  and  cop])cr  ores,  sulphur,  marble,  fruits,  prej>ared  meats  and 
fish,  chemical  ])roducts,  wood.s,  roots,  etc.,  for  dyeing  and  tanning,  works  of  art, 
etc.  Exports  in  1883  amounted  to  $239,732,259.  Italy  is  a member  of  the  Latin 
Lnion  and  her  coins  have  a legal  currency  with  those  of  France  and  the  other  na- 
tions comprising  that  Union.  There  are  no  late  oflicial  reports  of  the  finances. 


30!) 


ITALY. 


Silver.  XXIII.  3 


•^oi.pl  '5 


f PjAcr.  ^ 
CF.I.EBRATA. 
FORO  BONAPARTE 
PONDATO.  : 
i ANNOIX.  i 


urniiiTTTji 


^ S€i:i)0  ^ ^ 
' DI  LIRE  SE®,  I 
^2T-PRATTLE^| 

®>'AXNovnL|P  ,4 


TRAXCS' 


\ 1 11 II ) 1 1 


^,,"11".., 


\(j80 


.t 


310 


Gold.  ITALY.  BoioGVE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALU 

1. 

Pius  VI. 

4 Pistoles. 

90!) 

339 

308 

$13.20. 

2^ 

do 

to  Sequins. 

997 

528 

520 

22.01 

3. 

Renoist  XIV. 

Sequin. 

990 

52 

51 

2.19 

4. 

Gregory. 

Pistole,  vieUle. 

901 

101 

90 

3.87 

Silver.  ITALY,  boiogne. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

URAI^S 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Coinnionwealth. 

Scudo,  or  Eeu. 

847 

448 

382 

.79 

2. 

Pius  VI. 

J Scudo. 

913 

204 

186 

.38 

3. 

do 

Scudo.  10  Pauls. 

913 

409 

374 

.78 

311 


ITALY.  lioi.oGN’E. 


Gold.  XXIII. 


ITALY.  BOLOGNE. 


Silver.  XXII I. 


312 


Silver. 


No. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


Rejfublic  Ijiguria. 

Geneva. 

do 

do 

Carlo  Emanuele  IV, 
Geneva. 
Carlo  Alberto. 

Geneva, 


ITALY. 


SARniNI.A 


COIN. 


fixe. 


Scndo. 

0.50 

do  John,  the  Baptist.  H!)0 

do  do  900 

1 Scudo.  ood 

do  (Madonna.)  83,3 

2 Eire.  j,(,„ 

2 do  John,  the  Baptist  S9o 


WtlCHT  UKAINs 
OF  I I’UR  E 
Coin.  .Sm.vkr 


506 

514 

320 

135 

130 

155 

128 


576 

460 

288 

121 

126 

140 

111 


VALUE. 


1.20 

.05 

.60 

.25 

.26 

.20 

.23 


ITALY, 


I-O.MBARITY -VENICE. 


Gold.  XXIII. 


8 

0 

10. 


Under  Austria. 
Joseph  II. 
Republic. 

Louis  ilaniii. 
Under  Austria. 
Jo.sejih  II. 
Slaria  Theresa. 
Louis  Manin. 
do 

Under  .\ustria. 


Sovereign. 
Zecchino. 
Ducat. 
Zecchino. 
i Sovereign. 
1 Pistole. 
i Scudo. 

1 Zecchino. 

1 do 
Sovereign. 


000 

175 

1571 

$6.77 

900 

5.3 

521 

2.25 

006 

34 

,33i 

1.44 

007 

5.3 

52J 

2.27 

000 

87 

781 

3.35 

005 

08 

881 

3.80 

806 

178 

1.501 

6., 86 

006 

261 

1.1.0 

006 

1.3 

121 

.51 

000 

175 

1571 

6.77 

I 


1 


t 


4 

I 


I 


I m 


t 


;}]3 


ITALY.  II  URA.  Silver.  XXII 1.  ^ 


314 


Silver.  ITALY,  iucca 


Xo. 

PERIOD 
OR  Section. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coix. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALLE. 

1. 

Felix  anil  Elisa. 

6 Francs. 

Jll3 

3, So 

3.50 

.73 

2. 

Republic. 

Scudo. 

!)1.3 

40.S 

373 

.77 

3. 

do 

•1  Riirbone. 

0().3 

23 

15 

.03 

do 

Harbone. 

liOO 

4“) 

30 

.06 

0. 

P’di-it  and  Elisa. 

1 France. 

!K)0 

76 

68 

.1 1 

c. 

Cliarle.s  Louis. 

2 Lire. 

15.3 

99 

.20 

7 . 

do  do 

10  Soldi. 

680 

.34 

24 

.0.5 

f. 

do  do 

5 do 

3.3.3 

46 

.30 

.06 

ii. 

do  do 

Lira. 

6o8 

75 

50 

.10 

10. 

Republic. 

i and  J Scudo. 

OMS 

(917 

IJO 

19.5 

128 

176 

.26 

..36 

11. 

do 

Quinto,  I Ecu. 

917 

77 

70 

.14 

.TIS 


ITALY,  I.UCCA. 


Silver.  XXIII 


-\UinTTT77l 


< 7 6« 


fFR.VNCHI 


1808. 


/7  56 


; tol 
soLni 

. I 

I (• 


;FBANCOi 


® oldi 

183.3. 


LIRA 


jininTTTrr 


316 


ITALY,  PARMA  Gold.  XXIII. 


Gold.  ITALY.  PARMA 


j No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Maria  Louise. 

21)  Lire. 

yoo 

100 

90 

3.87 

2. 

do  do 

40  do 

900 

200 

180 

7.74 

3. 

Edward  1. 

Double  Pistole. 

90.') 

20! 

1831 

7.89 

4. 

Ferdinand  I. 

Pistole. 

872 

110 

95 

4.08 

Silver. 

ITALY. 

PARMA 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGH  r 
OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  I. 

Ducat. 

90t) 

3;m) 

358 

.71 

•) 

Maria  Louise. 

5 Lire. 

904 

3.>!6 

348 

.72 

3 

do 

10  Soldi. 

902 

39 

35 

.07 

4 

do 

1 Lire. 

902 

78 

70 

.14 

5. 

do 

5 Soldi. 

900 

20 

18 

.03 

6. 

do 

2 Lire. 

902 

155 

140 

.29 

7. 

Ferdinand  I. 

3 Lire  Piece. 

S2t) 

54 

41 

.09 

317 


ITALY,  PARMA  Silver.  XXI II.  ^ 


Gold. 


ITALY,  ROME. 


1 No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT* 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUI 

1. 

Sede  Vacante. 

liojipia. 

916 

84 

77 

3.31 

2. 

Leo  XII. 

Dopj)ia. 

916 

84 

77 

3.31 

3. 

Pius  VII. 

Doppia. 

916 

84 

77 

3.31 

4. 

Pius  VI. 

Doppia. 

916 

84 

77 

3.31 

6. 

Clement  XII. 

i Sequin. 

900 

26 

23 

.99 

fi. 

Clement  XII. 

Sequin. 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

7. 

Gregory  XVI. 

10  Scudi. 

900 

267 

240 

10.33 

8. 

Pius  VI. 

Sequin. 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

9. 

Clement  XIV. 

Sequin. 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

10. 

Benedict  XIV. 

Sequin. 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

11. 

Clement  XIII. 

5 Scudi. 

900 

133 

119 

5.12 

12. 

Gregory  XVI. 

5 Scudi. 

900 

1.33 

119 

5.12 

13. 

Sede  Vacante. 

5 Scudi. 

900 

133 

119 

5.12 

14. 

Gregory  XVI. 

2i  Scudi. 

896 

67 

60 

2.58 

i 


4 


319 


320 

Silver.  ITALY.  ROME. 


Honore  V. 
du 

Honore  V. 
do 
do 
do 
da 


(Gold.) 

do 

(Silver.) 

do 

do 

do 

do 


23  Frnncs. 
40  do 

5 Francp 
J do 
i do 

1 do 

2 do 


900 

900 

f>99 

835 

835 

<>00 

900 


200 

100 

385 

38 

19 

77 

154 


180 

90 

346 

32 

16 

64 

139 


$7.74 

3.87 

.76 

.<>6i 

.03 

.13 

.29 


nientof  ,\lpes-.Maritiines,  consisting  of  the  town  of  Monaco  and  a small  adioining  territory, 
including  the  town  of  .Mon  e Carlo.  Total  .\rea,  about  six  square  miles ; population, 
3 741.  The  climate  is  delightful.  All  taxes  were  abolished  in  1H69  by  the  reigning  prince, 
and  his  entire  revenue  is  derived  from  the  rent  of  the  Casino  or  gambling  house,  and  a 
percentage  on  the  games. 


Monaco  a paradise  for  pulmonary  patients  and  gamblers,  is  a principality  of  Italy, 
veeii  Nice  and  Ventimiglia,  bordering  on  the  Mediterranean  and  the  trench  depart- 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WLKiHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GKAlNb 

PURE 

SlI.VKR 

VALUE. 

1. 

Gregory  XVI. 

Scudo. 

900  . 

415 

373 

.77 

o 

Leo  xil. 

Scudo. 

920 

410 

377 

.7H 

3. 

Sede  Vacante. 

Scudo. 

921 

410 

377 

.78 

4. 

Pius  VH. 

Ecu  or  Crown. 

910 

410 

371 

.77 

5. 

Gregory  XVI.  (. 

5 Scudo  of  20  Ilajocchi,  9(M) 

83 

7 1 

.15 

6. 

Gregory  XVI. 

30  Ilajocchi. 

<JOO 

124 

112 

.23 

7^ 

Gregory  XVI.  J Scuilo  of  50  Ihijocchi,  900 

207 

186 

..38 

8. 

Pius  VI. 

Testoon. 

8S3 

124 

110 

.22 

9. 

Republic.* 

40  Riijocchi. 

10. 

Rejiublic.* 

40  Bajocchi. 

• The  fineness  and  weight  of  these  coins  caunot  be  state  1 with  any  certainty  ; their  grade  is 
1 >wer  than  the  Papal  money,  and  tlie  pieces  are  mostly  held  by  collectors. 

Gold  and  Silver.  ITALY.  MONACO. 


r 


20 


322 


W ' I 

! 

( 

j 
1 

Silver  ITALY.  Ro^tE  I 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEir-HT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Sede  Vacaiite. 

Scudo. 

<.t04 

408 

368 

• / t 

2. 

Pius  VIII. 

do 

921 

408 

376 

.78 

3. 

Gregory  XVI. 

Papetto,  20  Bajocchi, 

918 

82 

74 

.l.’i 

■1. 

do 

Testone,  30  do 

917 

124 

113 

.23 

5. 

do 

5 Bajocehi. 

918 

21 

18 

. .03 

6. 

do 

Testone,  30  Bajocchi. 

920 

122 

113 

.23 

7. 

do 

f)0  Bajocchi. 

932  . 

20.5 

187 

.39 

8. 

Pius  IX. 

Scudo. 

904 

413 

373 

.77 

9. 

Gregory  XVI. 

Scudo.  100  Bajocchi. 

920 

406 

368 

1 

F 


:V2S 


ITALY,  home 


Silver.  XXIIl. 


324 


Silver.  ITALY,  ROME. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Sede  Vacante. 

Scudo. 

000 

415 

,37.3 

.77 

2. 

Republic. 

Scudo. 

920 

410 

.37.3 

.77 

.3. 

Pius  VI. 

Scudo. 

875 

408 

.356 

.74 

4. 

Sede  Vacante 

Half  Scudo. 

900 

205 

182 

5. 

Pius  VI I. 

Half  Scudo. 

917 

205 

182 

.38 

6. 

Sede  Vacante. 

Testoon. 

919 

122 

112 

.2.3 

7. 

Pius  VI. 

Double  Testoon.  833 

248 

209 

.4.3 

\ 


4 


r 


;?2C 


Silver.  ITALY,  rome. 


No. 

Pt:RIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Innocent  XI. 

Ducatoue. 

IKil 

493 

4.59 

.95 

Innocent  XII. 

Pia'-tre. 

91.1 

48.5 

442 

.itj 

n. 

Renoi'-t  XIV. 

Pa))etto,  1-5  ScikIo. 

910 

81 

73 

.1.5 

4. 

Clement  XIII. 

i Ecu. 

910 

204, 

1.S.5 

..38 

.3. 

Clement  XI. 

Scudo,  Antico. 

90(5 

490 

444 

.92 

C. 

Clement  XII. 

do  do 

913 

493 

4.50 

.93 

7. 

Pius  VI. 

J Seudo. 

900 

204 

1.S4 

.38 

327 


.328 


Gold.  ITALY.  SARDINIA. 


No. 

pi:riod 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUr 

I. 

Carlo  .\lberto. 

20  Lire. 

910 

99  i 

90 

3.87 

O 

Carlo  Felix. 

40  Doppetta,  SO  Lire. 

900 

398 

.359 

15.45 

.3. 

Carlo  Alberto. 

100  Lire. 

900 

497 

447 

19.24 

4. 

Victor  Einanuele. 

Dopjietta. 

905 

140 

126 

5.42 

r>. 

Carlo  Einanuele. 

Old  Doiipetta. 

905 

105 

95 

4.08 

a. 

Carlo  Felix. 

D’bl  do  40  Lire. 

900 

199 

180 

7.74 

7. 

Carlo  Alberto. 

10  Lire. 

900 

49 

45 

1.9.3 

s. 

Victor  Einanuele. 

20  do 

900 

99 

90 

3.87 

a. 

Carlo  Felix. 

do 

900 

99 

90 

3.87 

10. 

Victor  Einanuele. 

Doppetta. 

905 

140 

126 

5.42 

11. 

Carlo  Emanuele. 

Old  Doppetta. 

905 

144 

1.30i 

5.61 

Gold. 


ITALY.  SARDINIA. 


No. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

COIN. 

FINE. 

OF 

Coin. 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Victor  Eniunuel. 

New  Carlino. 

;i04 

702 

634 

27.28 

•> 

Republic  Genoa. 

Zecchino  or  Sequim. 

995 

53 

52 

2.23 

.3. 

do 

1 Genovino. 

914 

194 

176 

7.58 

4. 

Republic  Ligura. 

4 Doppetta. 

908 

388 

352 

15.15 

5. 

do  Genoa. 

Genovinc. 

908 

388 

.352 

15.15 

C. 

do 

4 Doppetta. 

911 

413 

376 

16.18 

7. 

Victor  Eiuanucl. 

Carlino. 

890 

248 

219 

9.42 

8. 

do 

i Doppetta. 

904 

70 

64 

2.75 

0. 

do 

do 

903 

67 

60 

2.58 

10. 

Charle.s  Emanuel. 

Zecchino,  Annunciation. 

986 

53 

51 

2.19 

11. 

Republic  Genoa. 

1 Genovine. 

911 

97 

89 

3.83 

12. 

do  Ligura. 

2 Doppetta. 

S*08 

194 

171 

7.58 

1 

i 

I 

! 


t 


i 


331 


Silver.  ITALY.  Sardinia 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtICHT 
OF  1 

Coin.  | 

GRAINS 

I'URF. 

SlI.VKR 

VAIX'E. 

1. 

Victor  Emauuel. 

5 Lira. 

900 

387 

348 

.72 

2. 

do 

3 Cagliaresco. 

AVorih  about  i Penn 

;i. 

Victor  .\mcdee  IT. 

Scudo  i’ccchio. 

917 

414 

378 

.78 

•1. 

Charles  Emanuel  III. 

lliiiteme  d’Ecu. 

903 

67 

61 

.12 

5. 

Charles  Albert. 

5 Lira. 

899 

387 

348 

72 

0. 

Charles  Felix. 

25  Centimes. 

900 

20 

18 

.03 

7. 

Victor  Emanuel. 

1 Ecu(SavoyAPiemont.)90(i 

271 

244 

,51 

8. 

Charles  .Albert, 

25  Centimes. 

900 

19 

17 

..30 

9. 

A’ictor  Emanuel. 

2 Soldo,  6 Denaros. 

AVorih  alM>ut  i Penn 

10. 

Victor- .Ametlee  II. 

2 Liras. 

906 

188 

171 

.03 

11. 

Victor- Amedee. 

Quarter  d’Ecu. 

896 

!)0 

81 

.17 

ITALY.  SARDIVU.  Silver.  XXIII. 


334 


SUver.  • SARDINIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEICHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Vidor  Emanuel  II. 

Scudo,  5 Lire. 

you 

385 

346 

.72 

2. 

Charles-Eelix. 

Scudo,  Piemont. 

yoo 

385 

346 

.72 

3. 

Victor  Emanuel  I. 

do  do 

900 

385 

346 

.72 

4. 

Victor  Amedee  III. 

New  Scudo. 

906 

540 

489 

1.02 

5. 

Charles  Felix. 

2 Lire. 

900 

1.54 

138 

.28 

6. 

Victor  Amedee  III. 

i Scudo,  Piemont. 

90;! 

270 

243 

.50 

7, 

Charles  Albert. 

i Lire. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

8. 

Charles  Felix. 

Lire. 

900 

/ 7 

69 

.14 

3.J5 

ITALY.  SARDINIA.  SUver.  XXI IT. 


336 


Gold. 

ITALY. 

SICII.Y 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferilinuiid  II. 

15  Ducats 

996 

292 

291 

12.52 

2_ 

do 

3 

do 

99G 

58 

57J 

2.47 

3. 

Joseph  Napoleon. 

40  Lire. 

900 

199 

179 

7.70 

4. 

do 

20 

do 

900 

99 

89 

3.83 

r>. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

G Dueat.s. 

996 

IIG 

115i 

4.97 

c. 

Charles  VII. 

6 

do 

996 

116 

115i 

4.97 

7. 

Ferdinand  I. 

3 

do 

996 

58 

57i 

2.47 

3. 

do 

15  Ducats. 

996 

292 

291 

12..02 

0. 

Ferdinand  II. 

6 

do 

99G 

116 

1151 

4.97 

10. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

G 

do 

99(! 

116 

1151 

4.97 

11. 

Charles  VII. 

3 

do 

996 

58 

57J 

2.47 

11'. 

do 

G 

do 

996 

116 

1151 

4.97 

j 

1 

I 

i 

1 

I 

I 

J 

j 

( 

I 

i 


i 


337 


ITALY.  SICILY.  Qold.  XXIII. 


21 


338 


ITALY,  SICILY 


Gold.  XXTIT. 


j No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEKtHT 

OF 

Coin. 

CRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUI 

1. 

Francis  I. 

3J  Ducats. 

99(3 

68:5 

5805 

21.'  8 

2. 

Ferdinand  II. 

do 

996 

584 

581  i 

25  02 

3. 

Ferdinand  I. 

do 

995 

672 

569 

21.19 

•I. 

Ferdinanil  II. 

IJ  Ducats. 

996 

2j»2 

291 

12.52 

5. 

Francis  I. 

<lo 

996 

202 

591 

12.52 

(i. 

Joseph  Napoleon. 

40  Franc. 

879 

200 

176 

7.57 

7. 

Ferdinand  II. 

3 Ducats. 

ii96 

58 

571 

2.46 

S. 

do 

6 Ducats. 

996 

116 

1151 

4.97 

Napoleon. 

12  Carlinos. 

838 

423 

353 

.73 

Ferdinand  IV. 

do 

833 

425 

352 

.73 

do 

do 

838 

422 

353 

.73 

Ferdinand  II. 

10  Grani. 

833 

35 

28 

.06 

do 

GO  do 

833 

212 

176 

.36 

Ferdinand  IV. 

12  Tarins. 

82G 

421 

347 

.71 

Ferdinand  III. 

Ecu.  12  Tarins. 

830 

419 

34G 

.71 

;mo 


Silver.  ITALY.  SICILY. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

(;rains 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

I'erdiiiaiul  II. 

Seudo. 

833 

424 

3.33 

.73 

2. 

Jo.seph  Napoleon. 

5 Lire. 

!i()4 

38.^ 

348 

•72 

3. 

Charles  VI. 

Ducat. 

910 

33.1 

304 

.63 

4. 

Josei>h  Napoleon. 

Sciido. 

836 

421 

3.')3 

.73 

5. 

do  do 

i Lire. 

900 

38 

34 

.07 

6. 

Ferdinand  I. 

Seudo. 

834 

424 

.354 

.73 

7. 

Joseph  Napoleon. 

2 Lire. 

904 

l.il 

136 

.28 

342 


Silver.  ITALY,  sichy. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

Scudo. 

833 

424 

353 

.73 

2_ 

do 

Scndo,  (1772.) 

833 

424 

353 

,73 

3. 

Don  Carlos. 

Scudo. 

906 

392 

355 

.73 

4. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

10  Grani. 

833 

35 

29 

.06 

5. 

Ferdinand  II. 

Half  Scudo. 

833 

212 

176 

.36 

6. 

Charles  III. 

30  Grani. 

833 

106 

88 

.18 

7. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

20  Grani. 

833 

70 

58 

.12 

8. 

Charles  11. 

20  Grani. 

833 

70 

58 

.12 

9. 

Ferdinand  II. 

20  Grani. 

833 

70 

58 

.12 

10. 

Charles  III. 

10  Grani. 

833 

35 

29 

.06 

4 


r 


I 


Mo 


ITALY.  SICILY.  SUver.  XXIII. 


341 


Silver.  ITALY.  SICILY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

Value. 

1. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

Scudo. 

8.?3 

■124 

3.33 

.‘3 

do 

Scudo. 

83.3 

424 

3.').3 

.73 

do 

Scndo. 

833 

424 

.3.33 

.7.3 

4. 

do 

Scudo. 

833 

424 

3.33 

.7.3 

5. 

diaries  II. 

20  Grani. 

83.! 

70 

58 

12 

<>. 

do 

20  Grani. 

8.33 

70 

.38 

.12 

7. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

20  Grani. 

83.3 

70 

bS 

.12 

34.5 


346 

Silver. 


ITALY. 


SICILY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  IV. 

Ducat. 

840 

350 

204 

.Gl 

2. 

do 

3 Dueat. 

840 

1050 

882 

1.83 

3. 

Philip  V. 

i do 

840 

175 

147 

.30 

■1. 

.Joseph  Napoleon. 

Seiido. 

833 

424 

353 

.73 

O. 

Ferdinand  IV  or  I. 

10  Grani. 

833 

35 

20 

.06 

6. 

Don  Carlos. 

5 do 

833 

17 

14 

.03 

7. 

Charles  II. 

i Ducat. 

840 

175 

147 

.30 

4 


347 


;548 


Silver. 


ITALY.  TUSCANY. 


No. 


TERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


COIN. 


VV^ilGHT 

GRAINS 

FINE. 

OF 

PURE 

VALUE. 

C:>iN. 

Silver 

1 * 

1. 

Eerdinr.uJ  III. 

Ecu,  IJ  I’aul.s. 

913  4 -3 

SS.T 

.80 

2. 

Leopold  II. 

Lioj)oldino. 

913  423 

3!6 

.80 

3. 

do 

do 

913  4J3 

3 S3 

.80 

•1. 

Ferdinand  III. 

1 Lira. 

923  02 

5r 

.12 

5. 

Charles  and  Maria  Louise. 

do 

933  Cl 

53 

.12 

6. 

Leopold  II. 

Leopoldinoof2 

Florins.  926  209 

I."'! 

.4) 

do 

1 Paolo. 

918  42 

33 

.08 

ITALY,  TUSCANY. 

Gold. 

XXIII. 

No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

1 

FINE. 

IWEIGHT 

OF 

1 Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE 

1. 

Leopold  1 1 . 

80  Florins,  133i  Lire. 

1000 

503 

503 

$21.65 

2 

Cosine  III. 

Rosina. 

896 

106 

95 

4.08 

3. 

P'rancis  III. 

Zeccliino  or  Sequin. 

995 

53 

521 

2.26 

4. 

Cosme  III. 

Seqijin. 

995 

53 

621 

2.26 

5. 

Leopold  II. 

Sequin  or  Zeccliino. 

999 

53 

52J 

2.27 

6. 

Ferdinand  III. 

Rusjione  of  3 Zecehini.  9.'i8 

ICl 

1601 

6.90 

349 


ITALY,  TUSCANY. 


SUver.  XXIII. 


350 


/ 


Silver.  ITALY,  tuscany 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlL\'ER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Cosmus  III. 

Crown. 

9.5". 

4K3 

4.38 

.95 

2. 

do 

Livorina. 

917 

417 

380 

.79 

S. 

.lean  Gaston. 

Rose  Piastra. 

920 

403 

373 

.78 

4. 

Francis. 

i Franciscone. 

913 

210 

191 

.39 

5. 

Jean  Gaston. 

Livo-ina. 

913 

417 

3S0 

.79 

6. 

Francis 

Franciscone. 

913 

421 

383 

.80 

.•5ol 


ITALY.  TUSCANY 


Silver.  XXIII. 


I 


inn  n ni^nll, 


2 


'••niuiuttO*"' 


g t 

11^®? 


¥ 


1..— w - <TuV'-  •'■'*iiu»,M\u‘»‘*' 

Publisbed  by  A.  M.  Smitu,  post  Office  Box  754,  Pkila  ca. 


•»  f 


35-J 


Silver.  ITALY,  TUSCANY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

V.\LUE. 

1. 

J.eo])ol<l  II. 

4 Florins. 

Oil) 

4.4 

3«S 

..SO 

2^ 

Maria  Louisa. 

to  Lires. 

9r,7 

630 

19S 

.41 

3. 

Ludwig  I. 

10  Pauls. 

014 

422 

.331 

.79 

4. 

Ferdinand  III. 

2 Florins. 

017 

209 

lO.S 

.41 

5. 

Maria  Louisa. 

5 Lires. 

057 

303 

287 

.59 

C. 

Maria  Louisa. 

to  Pauls. 

014 

422 

381 

.79 

/ 

Le  )|)oId  11. 

1 Florin. 

017 

105 

95 

-20 

Leopold  11. 

J Florin. 

017 

52 

47 

.10 

1 


1 


1 


35a 


ITALY.  TUSCANY.  Silver.  XXIII. 


22 


354 


Silver.  ITALY.  LOMRARDY-VEN'ICE. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Sn.vKR 

VALL 

1. 

Sciido. 

948 

420 

398 

.83 

2. 

Eudovicus  Manin, 

Sc  11  do. 

948 

420 

398 

.83 

3. 

The  last  of  the  Doges.) 

i do 

948 

210 

199 

.41 

4. 

Scudo. 

950 

424 

403 

.84 

0. 

do 

948 

420 

398 

.83 

6. 

J Scudo. 

948 

105 

99 

.20 

7. 

i do 

948 

210 

199 

.41 

^ LIRE 
1)  I E C I 
VE  N ETi: 


U0  2 ^ 


tV  S <§, 


17  !»  I 


\Rrv 


1 77H 


ITALY.  VEKKl 


Sof) 


Silver.  XXIII. 


356 


Silver.  ITALY.  Venice. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Com. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE.  • 

1. 

Aloise  Mccnigo. 

Silver  Ducat. 

810 

349 

274 

.57 

2. 

Paul  Renier. 

do  do 

816 

349 

274 

.57 

3. 

Austrian  Venice. 

1 Lira. 

246 

120 

31 

.00 

4. 

Louis  Manin. 

1 Oselle. 

944 

151 

142 

.29 

5. 

Austrian  Venice. 

24  Kreutzer,  2 Lires. 

2.39 

140 

33 

.07 

G. 

do  do 

2 Lira. 

240 

131 

32 

.00 

7. 

do  do 

J Florin. 

833 

217 

80 

.37 

8. 

do  do 

1 Lira. 

236 

74 

17 

.03 

9. 

do  do 

i do 

239 

35 

8 

.01 

10. 

do  do 

li  Lira. 

243 

186 

45 

.09 

357 


ITALY,  VENICE. 


SUver.  XXIII. 


/ 11  Dovin  ■ 
I 31  AX  IX 
PttiX€lPI8 
3IlTXUS-AXVm 


f KIIEUTZEU 

I CHlitiVEXniSCII 


S^  R J{  ^ 


^im:e  ^ 

riiiRE 

V^JiXETE 


L 1 1\  \ I 
vexetaJ 

L J.8  0 2 


LIKA  ib: 

A VE2s^E  T A IPi 


^lEZZA 
LIRA  X 
a-exetaZ 

KxBOO.aK^ 


f VXA  ^ 
^ liIRA 
(VEXETA 

^1800  «j 


'<Ul- 


Gold.  JAPAN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.n. 

VALUE. 

1. 

The  Chrysantheimiin 

20  7’en. 

900 

514 

4t52 

2. 

flowers  on  the  Reverse 

10  do 

900 

257 

2:51 

3. 

are  the  Imperial  Crown. 

1 do 

900 

25 

23 

4. 

The  marks  indicate  the 

2 do 

900 

51 

46 

5. 

name  of  coin. 

5 do 

900 

128 

115 

•JAPAN,  an  ancient  and  extensive  Empire,  comprising  over  3,800  small  and 
large  islands.  Total  area,  147,013  square  miles;  iwpulation  (in  1882),  30,700,118. 
Tliis  country  is  said  to  possess  a written  liistoiy  extending  over  2,.>00  years,  and  its 
sovereigns  have  formed  an  unbroken  dynasty  sinee  GOO  15.  C.,  tlie  present  emperor 
being  the  123d  of  his  nice,  but  tlic  authentic  historj' begins  about  400  A.  D.  Tlie 
soil  teems  with  eveiy  variety  of  agricultural  imiducc;  toliacco,  tea,  potatoes,  riee, 
wheat  and  other  cereals  are  all  cultivated;  coal  exists;  copper,  iron  and  sulphur 
abound;  gold  and  silver  mining  is  prosecuted;  the  agate,  cornelian  and  rock  crystal 
are  found.  The  camiihor,  paiier-mulberry,  vegetable  wax  and  other  valuable  tiees 
nourish.  C hief  exports:  tea,  silk,  silkworms’  eggs,  cocoons,  laciiuer-ware,  camphor 
and  dried  fish.  Exiiorts  in  1883  amounted  to  $37,23.7,775.  In  1883,  the  export  of 
gold  and  silver  was  3,200,210  Yens  ($2,780, 190.4!));  notes  iu  circulation  (in  U.  S. 
moni'y  value),  (bivernment,  $85,101,371;  bank,  $27,249,722. 


I 


3o9 


JAPAN. 


Gold.  XXIV.  . 


360 


Silver  JAPAN. 


No. 

p?:riod 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlI.VER 

VALUE. 

1. 

The  Sun  and  the  Dragons 

Trade  Dollar. 

900 

420 

378 

.78 

2. 

are  respectively  the  ein- 

1 Yen. 

900 

412 

370 

.77 

3. 

hlems  of  Japan  and  the 

50  Sen. 

800 

192 

153 

.32 

4. 

Imperial  Power. 

10  Sen. 

800 

36 

28 

.06 

5. 

The  lettering  indicates 

1 Dime. 

900 

36 

31 

.061 

6. 

name  and  value  of  the 

5 Sen. 

800 

18 

14 

.03 

7. 

coin. 

20  Sen. 

800 

72 

57 

.12 

9. 

1 Yen. 

900 

96 

86 

.18 

10. 

i Dime. 

900 

18 

16 

.031 

11. 

i Yen. 

800 

192 

153 

.32 

h 

\ 


t 


I 


9 0?:f 


3G2 


JAPAN. 


Gold.  XXIV 


No. 


rKRIOD 
OR  SKCTION. 


••  7he>e  pieces  are  large,  of  very 

2,  ^1*'^  oval-shaped  gold,  ihc  surface 
having  on  it  waived  Iinc<.  The 

3.  value  is  u ritren  on  each  in  liid.  ink. 


4.  Nos.  4 arid  5 are  staniiKMl, 
o.  and  No.  .5  is  part  Silver. 


COIN. 

FIXE. 

1 

jWEKIHT 
* OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURK 

Goi.n. 

VALll 

Xc\r  Cobaiig. 

900 

559 

503 

21.05 

01(1  do 

900 

8.54 

70S 

33.00 

Nfw  Cobiuig. 

900 

oo7 

501 

21.57 

II  If  do 

900 

480 

4;17 

18.S0 

Xi-Shoo. 

Value  about  IS  cents. 

f 


363 


CHINA. 


Silver. 


MRt'i 

=^3 


Silver. 


COCHIN-CHINA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ingot  Money. 

8.50 

8102 

6910 

11. .39 

2 

Half  Dollar. 

1)70 

185 

121 

.26 

3.  Set!  remarks  on  other  page. 

Tael. 

985 

595 

588 

1.23 

■1. 

do 

950 

300 

285 

..59 

5. 

do 

950 

300 

285 

.59 

tj. 

do 

985 

595 

588 

1.12 

364 


CHINA. 


Gold.  XV.  , 


J 

§.'fi 

Gold.  CHINA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  I PURE 

Com.  I Gold. 

VALUE. 

Ingot  Money. 

i»00 

20 

23 

.99 

do 

900 

5!) 

53 

2.28 

do 

895 

7876 

70.50 

303.45 

CHINA,  an  immense  empire  in  Asia.  Area,  4, .560, 107  square  miles;  popula- 
tion, 375,000,000,  It  includes  Tibet,  lilongolia,  and  Manchuria,  besides  China 
proper.  Exports:  tea,  silk  and  manufactured  articles,  amounting  to  $101,0a5,2G9  in 
1882.  No  certain  data  regarding  Chinese  finances  exists,  “the  Government  collects 
no  statistics  in  relation  to  its  monetary  aflfairs,”  is  the  rci)ly  to  oflicial  requests  for  in- 
formation made  by  the  United  States  Treasury  Department. 


Gold.  COCHIN-CHINA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  1 PURE 

Com.  1 Gol.n. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Gold  'J'ael. 

413 

2. 

The  fineness  of  these  coins 

do 

412 

;i.  vary  with  each  issue. 

Half  Tael. 

206 

4. 

No  purity  or  value  can 

Quarter  Tael. 

91) 

6.- 

be  given  with  sufficient 

Half  Tael. 

185 

6. 

certainty  to  be  herein 

do 

2t)6i 

7. 

inserted. 

do 

181 

1 


365 


366 


SUver.  COCHIN-CHINA. 

t 


No, 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEUiHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAIN2> 

PLRE 

Silver 

VALL 

1. 

King  Minb-Menh. 

Dollar. 

750 

4l>0 

315 

.H.i 

2, 

These  Ingots  or  Taels  are 

Ingot  Money. 

985 

2880 

2836 

5.90 

3.  of  remelted  foreign  money, 

do 

985 

4028 

3967 

8.27 

4.  and  simply  bear  mint  marks. 

do 

985 

2800 

2758 

5.73 

# 


367 


Silver.  EMPIRE  OF  CHINA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 



VALUE. 

1. 

Ingot  Money. 

179 

2. 

do 

4078 

Fineness  varies  in  all 

do 

571 

4. 

[ngot  Money.  Impossible 

do 

569 

5. 

to  give  purity  and  value. 

do 

60 

t>. 

do 

115 

7. 

Native  Dollar. 

956 

345 

329 

.68 

8. 

Native  Dollar,  (Private  coinage.)  980 

414 

404 

.84 

Tael. 

990 

565 

560 

1.16 

CHINA. 


Sfi!) 

Silver.  XV.  5 


l^a3o>^ 

wjrpsj 


'B' 

1 

|P< 

9 

h- 

>'X 

JU- 

Sl 

1 — — 

S’<(5^i+FJ(! 

'1 

.‘$70 


Silver.  SIAM. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

The.se  are  I?urine.se 

Dollar. 

900 

180 

162 

.33 

O 

Coin,  ami  correspond  with 

Half  Dollar. 

900 

90 

81 

.16 

3. 

the  of  other  Orient- 

al Nations. 

Quarter  Dollar. 

900 

4o 

40 

.08 

SIAM,  an  extensive  kingdom  of  south-eastern  Asia,  situated  iu  the  heart  of 
the  peninsula  between  India  and  China,  consisting  of  41  provinces,  each  governed 
hy  a Phya,  or  great  functionary.  Its  area  is  estimated  at  301), 000  sejuare  miles,  and 
the  population  at  about  5,700,000.  There  are  several  ports  along  its  coast  lines;  in 
the  Gulf  of  Siam,  hut  foreign  commerce  is  carried  on  entirely  at  I’angkok,  a few 
miles  up  the  river  Plenum,  Paknam  being  the  customs  station  at  its  mouth.  The 
chief  products  are  rice,  gums,  teak,  sandalwood,  rosewood,  and  the  acpiila-tree, 
fruits  and  garden  produce.  Exports:  oil-seeds,  drugs,  dye-woods,  timber,  rice,  etc. 
The  government  is  an  absolute  and  hereditary  monarchy,  and  there  arc  two  kings, 
the  first  is  actual  monarch;  the  second  is  nominal  head  of  the  army.  'I  he  exports  in 
1881  (latest  olhcial  report),  were  $10,931,430.  The  latest  official  treasury  report, 
dated  June  20,  1883,  says:  “The  finances  of  Siam  are  in  an  embarrassed  condition, 
and  no  definite  information  thereon  may  be  had  except  from  Government,  and 
Government,  sphink-like,  maintains  silenee.” 


371 


Gold. 


PORTUGAL. 


j No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Pedro  IV. 

I’ortugese,  750 J Reis. 

010 

221 

2JI 

S.S.64 

2. 

Don  Miguel. 

do  do 

910 

221 

201 

8 64 

3. 

do 

i do 

915 

108 

99 

4.26 

4. 

Dona-Maria  II. 

Portuge.se,  7500  Reis. 

913 

221 

202 

8.68 

5. 

John  VI. 

Escudo  d’Or. 

916 

62 

57 

2.44 

6. 

Dona-Maria  II. 

i Portugese. 

914 

110 

101 

4.34 

7. 

do 

Coroa  d’Or. 

917 

144 

1.32 

5.67 

8. 

do 

J Coroa  d’Or. 

917 

73 

67 

2.87 

Gold.  PORTUGAL. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WKIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1. 

John  V. 

Dohra,  12,800  Reis. 

915 

442 

402 

17.29 

2. 

llo 

J Dohra. 

915 

2‘20 

201 

8.64 

3. 

do 

Escudo,  1600  Reis. 

914 

5.’) 

50 

2.15 

4. 

do 

J Escudo. 

iil4 

25 

1.07 

ilaria  I. 

16  Testons,  1600  Reis.  914 

55 

50 

2.15 

( . 

do 

J Dobra. 

915 

1 m 

100 

4..30 

7. 

do 

8 Testons. 

915 

27 

25 

1.07 

8. 

John  V.  New  Cru.sado,  4i'0  Reis 

. 911 

Hi 

14 

.60 

Josei>h  I. 

8 Testons. 

913 

•>7 

25 

1.07 

to. 

John  V. 

J Escudo. 

915 

25 

1.07 

11. 

Joseph  I. 

1 Dohra. 

915 

110 

100 

4. .10 

12. 

do 

16  Testons. 

914 

.’)0 

2.15 

13. 

Maria  I and  Pierre  III. 

i Dobra. 

'114 

220 

201 

8.64 

14. 

Joseph  I. 

do 

915 

220 

201 

8.64 

15. 

Maria  I. 

do 

915 

220 

201 

8.64 

l(i. 

Pierre  II. 

1 Moidore,  1200  Reis 

tH5 

40 

3(i 

1.54 

17. 

Maria  1. 

New  Crnsado. 

910 

16 

14 

.do 

IS.  .John,  Praise  Recent. 

i Dobra. 

915 

220 

201 

8.64 

PORTUGAL,  the  most  westerly  kingdom  of  Europe  and  a jiart  of  tlie  great 
Iberian  Peninsula,  with  its  insular  ai>pendages.  The  total  area  is  :55, 812  square  miles; 
poinilation  (in  1881),  4,708,178.  Chief  i)roducls:  wheat,  barley,  oats,  maize,  flax, 
hemj),  rice,  grapes,  olives,  oranges,  lemons,  citrons,  tigs  and  almonds.  “Port"  wine 
is  shipped  from  Oporto.  There  are  forests  of  oak,  chestnut,  sea  pine  and  cork  woods. 
Minerals:  mangane.se,  antimony,  lead,  copper,  iron,  marble,  slate,  coal  and  salt. 
Manufactures:  glove.s,  silk,  woollen,  linen  and  cotton  fabrie.s,  metal  and  earthen- 
ware goods,  tobacco,  cigars,  etc.  Exports:  wine,  fruits,  oil,  cork  and  salt,  amount- 
ing (in  1882),  to  $18,9t)8,000.  For  many  years  the  annual  expenditure  has  been  in 
e.\cess  of  the  revenue;  the  national  and  floating  debt,  now  about  $o0(),0t)<),U00,  is 
continually  increasing.  The  “Hank  of  Portugal"  acts  as  fiduciary  agent  of  the 
treasury.  Thv  D( jiaidencii a of  JMugal  of  the  Cape  Verde  and  llissago- 

Island.s,  off  the  west  coast  of  Africa,  St.  Thomas  and  Princes  l.slands  in  the  Culf  of 
Guinea,  and  a large  extent  of  both  the  east  and  west  coasts  ol  South  Atrica,  consti- 
tuting altogether  an  area  of  (>it7,;Ui5  stptare  mile.s,  with  2,410,000  inhabitants.  In 
Asia,  the  settlements  of  Goa,  Damaun,  Din,  etc.,  with  area  of  1,080  square  miles; 
408,000  inhabitants  on  the  coast  of  India,  Macao  on  the  Chinese  shore,  near  Ilong- 
Kong,  and  part  of  the  Island  of  Timur,  in  the  East  Indian  Archipelago,  cover  a sur- 
face of  7,  P54  .s(iuare  miles,  and  contain  ai)opulation  of  877,500.  The  Island  ol  Ma 
deira  on  the  north-west  coast  of  Africa  is  much  fretiuented  by  invalids. 


»>  t ft 


PORTUGAL 





'•'*i»»*«*** 


uvd  g.^"%,13 


'"'<7:±:i 


>^^\T 


tTrrrnS^ 


o74 


SUver.  PORTUGAL. 


1. 

John  VI. 

9G0  lleis. 

900 

41.5 

371 

.77 

2. 

Joseph  I. 

Pataca,  600  Reis 

910 

271 

246 

.51 

3. 

Ludwig  I. 

500  Reis. 

916 

192 

176 

.30 

■4. 

Marin  1 1. 

200  Reis. 

916 

77 

70 

.U 

5. 

John  VI. 

160  Reis. 

916 

60 

56 

.11 

6. 

do 

SO  Reis. 

916 

30 

28 

.06 

1 . 

Pierre  II. 

Pataca,  640  Reis. 

917 

293 

267 

.55 

8. 

Jolin  VI. 

do  do  do 

900 

275 

247 

.51 

No, 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

I-TNE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin, 

GRAINS 

PURE 

SlLVF,R 

VALUE. 

4 


arc 


SUver.  PORTUGAL. 


No. 

PER  ion 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

CRAINS 
PL' RE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Maria  1 1 . 

Crown,  KM)0  Reis. 

9ir 

4.58 

418 

..'16 

2. 

John  VI. 

Crown,  960  Reis. 

900 

418 

376 

.78 

X 

Maria  II. 

Crusade,  400  Reis. 

912 

224 

203 

.42 

4. 

Don  Miguel,  18:5“-33. 

Teston,  100  Reis. 

91.5 

60 

54 

.11 

5. 

Maria  II. 

i Crown,  500  Reis. 

917 

229 

210 

.44 

6. 

John  VI. 

Crusade,  400  Reis. 

903 

225 

205 

.42 

7. 

Don  Miguel. 

i Teston,  40  Reis. 

898 

22 

19 

.04 

8. 

do 

i Crusade,  2C0  Reis. 

916 

113 

102 

.21 

9. 

do 

New  Teston,  80  Reis. 

898 

47 

42 

.08 

r- 


•) I < 


o78 


Silver.  AFRICA,  portugufse. 


1 No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGH  r 
OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VAI.UE. 

1. 

Joseph  I. 

12 

Macuta.s. 

907 

270 

24.) 

.51 

2. 

do 

10 

do 

90.3 

223 

200 

41 

r. 

Marie  I.  and  Pierre  III. 

2 

do 

908 

42 

38 

0.8 

4. 

do  do 

4 

do 

907 

87 

81 

.16 

5. 

■Toseph  I. 

4 

do 

907 

87 

81 

.16 

«. 

Marie  I.  and  Pierre  III. 

8 

do 

909 

174 

157 

.32 

7. 

do  do 

6 

do 

910 

134 

121 

.25 

8. 

Marie  I. 

12 

do 

900 

271 

244 

.51 

9. 

tlo 

10 

do 

903 

223 

200 

.41 

10. 

Joseph  I. 

2 

do 

911 

41 

38 

.08 

w 


;J7‘) 

PORTUGAL.  AFRICA  SUver.  XXX VL  , 


0yLAC^^ 

fX^AIACU^ 
pk  TAS  #?3i 


'N»siAcum"i 
Bii  TAS  ,|g2 


'\770' 


!y;#)iiti 


\7  70 


P^^'JUCD 

TAS 


,>MACUf 
t TAS  a 


380 


RUSSIA. 


Gold. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALU 

1. 

.\  h‘.\!m(lt“r  1. 

iniptrial,  10  Ronble.s. 

088 

187 

lS3i 

7.01 

2. 

Catliariiie  II. 

do 

017 

202 

184 

7 02 

;5. 

l'3izal>elh  Petrowiia.  Double  Ducat,  St.  Andrew 

. 084 

10.1 

94? 

4.07 

•1. 

.\le.\ander  I. 

5 Ronble.s. 

H7!t 

02 

80 

3.44 

5. 

Paul  I. 

Dueat. 

<ts() 

54 

52 

2.23 

(!. 

•Vicliolas  I. 

3 Roubles,  20  Poltina.  018 

til 

od 

2.40 

"7  ^ 

Paul  I. 

Imperial  Dueat. 

080 

54 

51 

2.19 

H. 

Niehola.s  I. 

i Imj)erial. 

017 

101 

V'2 

3.01 

<>. 

do 

do 

017 

ltd 

02 

3.01 

10. 

Alexander  I. 

do 

082 

03 

82 

3.12 

11. 

Paul  I. 

Imi>erial  Ducat. 

080 

•ll 

51 

2.19 

12. 

Catharine  II. 

j Imperial. 

017 

101 

02 

3.!il 

13. 

do 

Ducat. 

07!» 

54 

51 

2.19 

RUSSIA.  Platinum.  XXXVII.  , 


Platina.  RUSSIA. 


1 j PERIOD  1 

1 " • 1 OR  SECTION.  1 

CORN. 

jFINE. 

WEIGHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

Russia  made  money  of  Pla/tnum 

12 

Roubles. 

1000 

611 

1000 

9.00 

2.  from  1828  to  18^7,  blit  (he  met.il 

G 

do 

1000 

320 

1000 

4, 10 

3 \v.\s  found  unsuitable  for  coinai'e- 

3 

do 

lotio 

160 

1000 

2.25 

r 


;;.s  t 


RUSSIA. 


Gold.  XXXVII.  . 


r^lCTAtiP 
.10  AOTA 
liOAOTH 
39J.OAEU-, 
|l  I'jm 


ylOWAAf.^ 

fTBRHHAfl 

McriHfiLur  ^0 

[vmohrta 


IB.t3 


HE  DaMB 
HK  DA&ni 
Amr/THH 
rooEjiy 

yi*  Ajf! 


fl  BEBm^ 

HBHiVMb  ! 
AMMflilll 


KOV0110i.Airb 
Hb  MO  CRH'S 
B r.C  RHtRBPj 

\.  icoi  y 


A \ HFHAMT.  M 

^ AKWaUN  \\C 
V<  ibor.MV  V 


<tih‘ 


PVHAH 

'AO 

ilOTYCH.. 
^ lasB  . 


382 


Silver.  RUSSIA. 


No.  I 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

[weight 
FINE.I  OF 
1 Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Peter  the  Great. 

Rouble. 

729 

431 

296 

.61 

2. 

(Several  Types). 

Rouble. 

368 

319 

276 

.57 

3. 

Nicholas  I. 

20  Copecks 

877 

63 

57 

.12 

4. 

do 

Rouble. 

868 

319 

276 

.57 

5. 

do 

10  Co|>ecks. 

876 

32 

28 

.06 

6. 

do 

15  do 

870 

49 

42 

.08 

38.-J 


RUSSIA 


SUver.  XXXVIT.  3 


384 


SUver.  RUSSIA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
<4R  SECTION. 

COIN. 

jl-TNE. 

WfcI(;HT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALU 

1. 

Nicholas  1. 

Rouble. 

868 

.320 

276 

.•"ir 

2. 

•\lexander  I. 

do 

868 

320 

270 

..”)7 

3. 

Nicholas  I. 

do 

876 

324 

283 

.59 

4. 

.\lexander  I. 

do 

870 

320 

279 

5. 

Nicholas  I. 

5 Kopeks. 

868 

15 

13 

.021 

6. 

Ale.xander  I. 

Rouble 

872 

318 

278 

..38 

7. 

Nicliolas  I. 

5 Kopeks. 

808 

15 

13 

.021 

8. 

do 

to  do 

8t)8 

32 

27 

.05 

9. 

do 

lU  do 

808 

32 

27 

.05 

RUSSIA,  an  Empire,  said  to  coin])rise  one-seventh  of  the  territorial  surface  of 
the  globe.  In  addition  to  Russia  in  Kuroi)e  (exclusive  of  the  Caucasus),  embnicing 
more  than  one-half  of  that  continent,  it  comj)rehends  one-third  of  Asia.  European 
consists  of : 1.  Russia  Proper,  1,881,300  scpiare  miles;  75,004,788  population ; 
2.  Poland,  40, 158  sipiare  miles;  7,219,077  i)opulation;  3.  Finland,  144,228  square 
miles;  2,028,021  population.  Asiatic  Russia  -.  1.  Cautuisia,  172,843  square  miles; 
2.  Siberia,  4,826,480  square  miles;  3.  Central  Asia  (Turkestan,  etc.),  1,251,:»84 
s(piare  miles,  with  an  aggregate  of  15,186,456  inhabitants,  making  the  entire  country 
ruled  over  bj'  the  Emperor,  8,325,303  square  mlies,  with  100,038,342  population.  A 
great  jwrtion  of  this  territory  is  unlit  for  cultivation,  being  either  frozen  barrens, 
rooks  or  sand.  The  country  between  the  Raltic  and  Hlack  Seas  is  eminently  fertile, 
producing  all  the  chief  cereals;  hemp,  Ilax,  potatoes  and  tolmceo  are  also  cultivated. 
The  forests  and  wood  lands  of  Euroj)ean  Russia  occu])y  500,000,000  acres;  oak,  lime, 
maple  and  ash  trees  j)redominating.  Mines  in  the  Ural  mountains  yield  gold,  plati- 
num, cop])er,  iron,  rock-salt,  inarhle,  and  kaolin,  or  china-clay.  Silver,  gold  and 
lead  are  mined  largely  in  the  Altai  mountains.  An  ai)parently  inexhaustible  bed  of 
coal  exists  in  the  basin  of  the  Donetz,  near  Kharkolf.  There  are  many  large  manu- 
facturing e>tablishments  for  ea\  ing,  taiining,  fur-dre.ssing,  etc.  Linen  is  exten- 
sively made  by  handlooms;  woollen  and  woi-steil  stulls,  fine  cloths  and  mixed 
fabrics  are  al.-o  proiluced.  The  chief  e\jM)rts  are  grain,  timber,  hides  and  skins, 
raw  and  dressed,  llax,  hemp,  tallow,  wool,  linseed  and  henq)  seed.  Exports  (1882), 
$400,150,000.  Russia  is  veiy  deeply  in  dehl,  but  the  |)recise  amount  is  unknown ; 
the  interest  bearing  ]>ortion  is  about  $2,028, :$55, 000.  In  the  Budget  for  1884,  there 
is  set  down  for  interest  on  national  debts,  $130, (>42,0 14.  Since  1843>,  j>aper  money 
has  reigned  supreme  in  Russia,  and  the  i)remium  on  gold  and  silver  for  many  years 
has  driven  the  precious  metals  abroad.  The  “Imperial  Bank’’  is  the  sole  deiaxsitory 
of  metalic  money,  and  the  .stock  therein  in  coin  and  bars  xvas  in  April,  1883,  200,000, 
000  roubles,  mostly  in  gold. 


385 


Silver.  XXXVTT, 


MOUETA^ 
py  B Al>  • 


»rocrAA.r.  ^ 
v:tbehe  A a 
pocnircKAa 

piOHETA  ^ 
lip  VBAh  5^ 


//W^ICTMH) 

i\V,i(  /’P'DiT' u r»  t 


(’EPEBPA  ;% 
430A0TH  M 
‘UAOAa  M 


10  < 
ilHIBHCU’ 

I’-jra'  ii 


^mCTAToW 

|cepebpa1 

? 430ACTB:  1 
yL ‘itAOAH 


386 

Silver, 


RUSSIA 


1 No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Paul  I. 

Rouble. 

868 

323 

278 

.58 

2. 

. Peter  III. 

do 

750 

324 

243 

.50 

3. 

Catharine  II. 

do 

750 

389 

291 

.60 

4. 

Anne. 

do 

799 

403 

322 

.67 

5. 

Nicholas  I. 

23  Kopeks. 

877 

79 

70 

.14 

6. 

Catharine  II. 

20  do 

750 

83 

62 

.13 

7. 

Nicholas  I. 

25  do 

750 

79 

60 

.12i 

RUSSIA, 


388 


Gold.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALl 

1. 

Philip  IV. 

D’blSov’rn,  Flanders. 

917 

172 

158 

6.80 

2. 

Charles  III. 

Quadruple. 

893 

415 

370 

1.5.92 

3. 

do  do 

i Pistole,  or  Ecu  d’Or.  891 

53 

47 

2.03 

4. 

Charles  IV. 

Quadruple. 

893 

415 

370 

15.92 

0, 

Ferdinand  IV. 

do 

908 

415 

373 

16.05 

6. 

Philip  V. 

i Pistole. 

906 

52 

47 

2.03 

7. 

do 

Quadruple. 

909 

415 

373 

16.05 

8. 

Charles  III. 

do 

917 

415 

375 

16.14 

9. 

Philip  V. 

i Pistole. 

908 

52 

47 

2.03 

1'iX.r 


289 


SPAIN. 


Gold.  XXXVIII.  , 


WSUV>* 


7740, 


Im'/.'/IIIUV,' 


0i*'*7V*^*7*'» 


"'■V!«W.‘.V.',' 


'•"•mniMM*'** 


\rP  TS^^.  ^ 


i 


V 


390 


SPAIN,  a kingdom,  situate  on  the  south-west  of  Pmrope,  and  occupying  the 
larger  portion  of  the  great  Iberian  I’eninsula.  It  was  formerly  divided  into  14 
provinces  (now  subdivided  into  49),  called  the  Ancient  Provinces,  and  these  are  still 
best  known  and  most  referred  to,  viz;  New  Castile,  La  Mancha,  Old  Castile,  Leon, 
Asturias,  Galicia,  Estremadura,  Andalusia,  ^lurcia,  Valencia,  Aragon,  Catalonia, 
Basque  Provinces,  with  the  Canary  and  Balearic  Isles,  comprising  an  area  of  195,775 
square  miles,  with  a population  of  (in  1883),  1(1,902,621.  To  these  must  be  added 
Cuba  and  Porto  Kico.  Area,  70,466  square  miles;  2,056,010  population;  the  Philip- 
pine Islands  in  Asia  and  Oceanica,  53,299  scpiare  milc.s,  6,193,232  i)oi)ulation;  the 
African  possessions  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  Fernando  Po,  etc.,  1,435  square  miles, 
with  36,000  inhabitants,  making  a total  of  320,975  square  miles,  and  24,914, (XK) 
population.  Spain  is  rich  in  minerals,  especially  iron,  copper  and  lead.  The  coun- 
try is  fertile  and  tropical  fruits  llourish;  also  wheat,  barle}',  oats,  maize,  rice,  hemp 
and  flax  of  the  best  quality.  The  vine  is  cultivated  in  every  province,  and  superior 
wines  are  produced.  Exports:  silk,  quicksilver,  iron  ore  and  other  metals,  wines, 
olive  oil,  dry  and  green  fruit,  wool,  grain,  vegetables,  cork,  seeds  and  salt.  Trade 
was  for  many  years  confined  to  France  and  Great  Britain,  but  the  United  States 
and  Germany  are  now  competing  for  a share.  Home  trade  is  rigidly  protected  by 
high  customs  duties.  The  national  debt  has  been  consolidated,  and  is  now'  $1,290, 
000,000  at  4 per  cent.  There  is  no  floating  debt.  The  only  paper  currency  is  that 
of  the  “Bank  of  Spain.”  Exports  in  1883  amounted  to  $127,661,846.  There  are  no 
gold  mines  in  Spain,  and  all  the  bullion  of  this  metal  is  obtained  from  abroad,  and 
from  the  remelting  of  old  Spanish  money. 


I 


SPAIN,  Gold.  XXXVTTI. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE 

1. 

Eerdinand  VII. 

Half  Doubloon. 

875 

208 

182 

$7.82 

2. 

.Tos.  Napoleon. 

Pistole. 

872 

103 

90 

3.87 

3. 

Eerdinand  VII. 

do 

872 

103 

00 

3.S4 

4. 

do 

i do 

872 

51 

44 

1.89 

5. 

Isabel  II. 

Pistole. 

874 

104 

01 

3.01 

6. 

do 

do 

874 

104 

91 

3.91 

7. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

Double  Pistole. 

873 

103 

168 

7.23 

8. 

Jos.  Napoleon. 

Pistole. 

875 

105 

02 

3.95 

9. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

do 

872 

103 

90 

3.87 

10. 

do 

i do 

872 

25 

22 

.94 

11. 

Alfonso  XII. 

25  Pe.setas. 

000 

122 

109 

4.69 

12. 

Isabel  II. 

i Pistole. 

000 

51 

46 

1.07 

13. 

do 

100  Reals. 

000 

113 

118 

5.08 

392 


Gold.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1.  For  Me.xico.  Quadruple  Pistole  of  8 Escudos 

872 

419 

304 

.7t) 

2. 

do 

Carragone. 

do 

do 

875 

420 

307 

.76 

3. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

875 

415 

362 

.75 

4. 

do 

Lima. 

do 

do 

874 

420 

366 

.76 

5. 

do 

Carragone. 

do 

do 

873 

425 

370 

.i  4 

6.  ■ 

do 

do 

do 

do 

885 

420 

375 

.78 

7. 

do 

do 

Pistole. 

885 

104 

02 

.19 

8. 

do 

Barcelona. 

20  Pcsatas. 

875 

104 

92 

.19 

39*3 


394 


Gold.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

|fine. 

1 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALLT- 

1. 

Charles  11. 

Double  Sovereign. 

017 

17-.J 

158 

6.. so 

2^ 

Pliili])  V. 

i Quadruple. 

00!) 

208 

188 

8.10 

.•?. 

Charles  III. 

do 

on 

208 

189 

8.1  1 

4. 

do 

do 

893 

208 

186 

8.00 

5. 

Charles  IV. 

do 

893 

208 

186 

8.00 

f). 

Cliarles  II. 

Lion  d’Or. 

917 

8,') 

77 

3 30 

7. 

Philip  V. 

Pistole. 

909 

104 

94 

4.04 

8. 

Ferdinand  VI. 

do 

90S 

104 

94 

4.04 

9. 

Charles  III. 

do 

909 

104 

94 

4.04 

10. 

do 

do 

909 

104 

94 

4.04 

11. 

Philip  V. 

do 

906 

103 

94 

4.04 

395 


SPAIN, 


Gold.  XXXVIII  , 


*»ti’*****-‘^/ 


•v4'7  60o 


**»J*»»«i'*«*' 


Published  by  A.  M.  SMiru, 
Post  Offiec  Box  754, 
PfriLADEi.PHiA,  Pa.,  U.  S.  a. 


***'«fn»*‘*»’^* 


p 


3i)6 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE 

1. 

Philippe  V. 

Ileal  of  8. 

!>0G 

415 

366 

.76 

2, 

('harles  III. 

do 

906 

417 

367 

.76 

3. 

Isabella  II. 

1 Real. 

902 

20 

18 

.03  i 

4. 

do 

4 do 

902 

82 

74 

.15 

5. 

do 

2 do 

902 

41 

37 

.07 

G. 

Charles  IV. 

Real  of  4. 

896 

207 

185 

..38 

7. 

Isabella  II. 

i Duro. 

900 

200 

180 

.37 

8. 

Provisional  Govin’t. 

1 Peseta. 

900 

77 

60 

.14 

9. 

do  do 

2 do 

900 

1.54 

1.38 

.28 

SPAIN, 

Silver. 

XXXVIII.  3, 

397 


SPAIN. 


Silver.  XXXVIII.  , 


All  correspondents  requiring  answers  must 
enclose  stamps." 

A.  M.  SMITH,  I^umismatist, 
P.  0.  Box  ToI.Pliiladelphia,  Penn 


398 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


No, 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FIXE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

Piaster,  20  Reals. 

900 

420 

378 

.78 

2. 

do 

i do 

903 

210 

190 

.39 

.•?. 

do 

I do 

900 

100 

90 

.18 

4. 

do 

Ressulado,  Recoined. 

921 

220 

203 

.42 

5. 

do 

4 Piaster. 

910 

51 

46 

.09 

6. 

do 

4 .do 

903 

203 

183 

.38 

7. 

do 

1-16  do 

900 

26 

24 

.05 

9. 

do 

Piaster. 

900 

417 

375 

.78 

10. 

Joseph  Napoleon. 

4 do  10  Reals. 

902 

207 

187 

.39 

11. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

1 do 

900 

100 

90 

,18 

399 


SPAIN. 


SUver.  XXXYIIl.  , 


400 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


^ No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Shaker 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

5 Pesetas. 

880 

417 

368 

.76 

2. 

do 

Piaster,  or  Dollar. 

899 

420 

377 

.78 

3. 

Josepli  Napoleon. 

4 Piecetta,  2 Reals. 

89(5 

41 

39 

.08 

•1. 

do 

Piecetta,  4 Reals. 

896 

91 

80 

.16 

5. 

do 

1 Real. 

896 

22 

19 

.04 

(i. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

Peseta,  2 Reals, 

796 

88 

70 

.14 

7. 

do 

4 Real. 

814 

23 

18 

.034 

8. 

do 

1-5  Piaster,  4 Reals. 

821 

91 

75 

.15 

9. 

do 

1-10  do 

821 

45 

37 

.07 

10. 

do 

5 Pesetas. 

880 

417 

368 

.76 

11. 

Joseph  Napoleon. 

Piaster,  20  Reals. 

901 

419 

379 

.79 

101 


SPAIN. 


SUver.  xxxviir.  ^ 


2-3 


402 


Snver.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

Piastre. 

900 

415 

373 

.77 

2 

do 

Piastre,  Carragone. 

896 

418 

372 

.77 

3. 

do 

1 Real. 

79G 

43 

34 

.07 

4. 

do 

Peso  of  2 Reals. 

796 

87 

69 

.14 

5. 

do 

Piastre,  “Fidelite” 

902 

417 

376 

.78 

G. 

do 

A do 

910 

51 

46 

.09 

7. 

do 

Piastre. 

899 

410 

368 

.76 

8. 

do 

do  of  8 Reals. 

898 

418 

376 

,78 

^ ■ 


40.‘} 


SPAIN.  Silver.  XXXVI I r.  g 


404 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

(DRAINS 
, PURE 

Silver 

^'ALUE. 

1. 

Of  Rarcelone. 

j Pesetas. 

8!>5 

417 

371 

.77 

2 

do 

898 

419 

677 

.78 

3. 

Isabele  II. 

1 Real  de  Plate. 

812 

24 

19 

.01 

4 

Ferdinand  VII. 

Piastre. 

882 

417 

370 

.77 

5 

do 

do 

900 

417 

376 

.78 

t) 

Isabele  11. 

2 Reals. 

900 

40 

37 

.07 

7 

Ferdinand  VII. 

30  Sols 

8()5 

410 

3.i.5 

.74 

8. 

do 

5 Pesetas. 

882 

410 

360 

.75 

405 


SPAIN.  SUver.  XXXVIII.  , 


•lOd 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


No. 

TERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
, PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

30  Sols. 

870 

418 

362 

.75 

o 

Isabel  II. 

Pia.stre,  20  Reals  de  Plata.  90.5 

416 

368 

.76 

3. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

30  Sols. 

865 

410 

355 

.74 

4. 

Of  IJarcelone. 

2i  Pesetas. 

904 

206 

184 

.38 

Piastre. 

898 

418 

376 

.78 

6. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

1-5  Pia.stre. 

818 

90 

73 

.15 

7. 

Isabel  II. 

1 Peseta. 

822 

92 

7o 

.15 

n. 

Of  Barcelone. 

1 do 

805 

88 

70 

.14 

407 


SPAIN.  SUver.  XXXVlll. 


40S 


Silver.  SPAIN. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

PINE. 

WEKJHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Philip  V. 

Real  of  8. 

you 

415 

375 

.78 

Philip  V,  (for  Mexico  ) 

Piastre  Cavree. 

903 

415 

374 

.77 

3. 

Charles  III. 

Real  of  8. 

906 

415 

375 

.78 

4. 

do  do  (for  Mexico.) 

do 

896 

415 

373 

.77 

5. 

do  do  do 

i Piastare. 

906 

103 

93 

.19 

6. 

do  do  do 

i do 

906 

103 

93 

.19 

7. 

do 

4 do 

906 

103 

93 

.19 

8. 

Philip  V,  (for  Mexico.) 

J do 

906 

103 

93 

.19 

40',) 


SPAIN.  Silver.  XXXVm. 


■no 


Silver.  SPANISH  AMERICA. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ferdinand  VII 

Pia.stre. 

yol 

417 

376 

.78 

2. 

do 

do 

S75 

448 

392 

,85 

do 

do 

900 

382 

343 

.71 

•j. 

Louis  I. 

1 do 

900 

210 

189 

.39 

5. 

Ferdinand  VII. 

l-.o  Piastre. 

9(K) 

88 

79 

.16 

6. 

do 

Piastre. 

9!*6 

414 

412 

.Sd 

7. 

do 

do 

900 

430 

387 

.80 

Ill 


SPAIN.  AMKRICA. 


Silver,  xxxvm. 

v**'*^“’**^ 

/y/p  im  ''. 


CCa()-^> 


f ^ POTOSl.=:  \ 
/ TRO 
FERUIKANDO  VII 
\ ANNO  * ^ 

. V 1 8 08ft  j 


cA+Pi?o 


vltk; 


L.V.O 


MEV^ICO^ 


412 


OKIEXTAL  Nr.MEUALS  AND  ClIAKACTEUS. 

The  opposite  i)late  is  given  as  a guide  in  distinguishing  coins  marked  with 
Oriental  Characters.  These  are  generally  in  Arabic,  with  variations.  l>eing  very 
rude  in  Java  and  Morocco,  somewhat  ])recise  in  Turkey.  Egypt  and  Pemia,  in 
tlie  latter  country  they  are  in  the  flowing  taleek  wliich  is  to  the  strict  Arabic, 
what  our  Italics  are  to  tlie  Koman.  Tlie  dash  resembling  a 2 with  elongated 
b;i.se,  found  on  nearly  all  these  coins  means  in  or  at,  and  the  charactei-s  l)eneath 
gives  the  name  of  the  city  whereat  the  coin  was  struck.  On  the  plate  the  figures 
1,  ()  and  10  in  the  column,  represent  Constantinople  and  di.stinguish  the  coin 
as  of  Turkey  ; figure  2,  means  Cairo,  and  is  on  the  ])ieces  of  Egyjit ; figure  J is 
Tunis;  figures  4 and  r>,  Triimli ; 7,  8 and  0,  Algiei-s,  and  No.  11  is  Morocco. 
That  tiiere  should  be  variations  in  the  inscriiitions  is  not  strange  as  the  coins  are 
alt  engraved  and  those  who  do  this  work  use  the  freedom  which  would  l>e  taken 
by  iienmen  in  writing  the  same  name. 

The  numerals  here  shown  were  written  according  to  Euroiiean  order  (from 
left  to  right,  but  figures,  lettei-s  aiul  words  in  Arabic  run  in  the  oiijKisite  direc- 
tion. Most  Ottoman  coins  bt‘ar  two  dates,  that  of  the  llegini  and  of  the  Sultan’s 
reign.  The  year  of  the  Hegira  in  which  the  ruler  ascenderl  the  throne  is  on  ea<-h 
coin  of  Turkey  and  upon  another  iiortion  the  year  of  his  reign  will  Ik*  found  ; the 
two  added  gives  tbe  date  of  the  coin  according  to  the  yc«ir  of  the  Hegira  and  this 
be  readily  transformed  to  the  Christian  date. 

The  “ Hegira”  or  flight  of  ilohammed  from  ^lecca  was  on  .July  IGth,  A.  I). 
G22,  and  from  that  date  time  is  recorded  by  his  followers : 

Mahmoud  I.,  A.  II.  114:5.,  A.  I).  17.30. 

Othnian  III.,  A.  II.  11G8..  A.  1).  1754. 

Mustapah  III.,  A.  II.  1171.,  A.  1).  1757. 

As  the  Mohammedan  year  is  Inner,  it  is  shorter  than  ours  by  about  eleven 
days,  and  they  thus  have  thirty-four  yearn  in  the  time  we  have  but  thirty-three. _ 

Morocco  dates  its  coins  by  the  Oriental  rule,  but  uses  the  Euroiiean  figures. 
Hindostan,  Java  and  Pei-sia  use  the  Arabic  or  Pei-sian  charactei-s,  but  they  do 
not  bear  the  peculiar  marks  of  the  Turkish  coins.  The  date  is  frequently  omitted 
in  coins  of  Persia,  and  when  engraved  is  in  very  minute  figure.s.  The  money  of 
Hindostan,  except  in  a few  instances  is  is.sncd  by  the  British  Ea.st  India  Com- 
pany from  the  mints  at  Madra.s,  Calcutta  and  Bombay,  the  Madras  coins  are 
sUuniK'd  from  Arcot,  Calcutta’s  bear  the  name  of  Moi-she<labad,  a neighlKiring 
city  and  .Surat  is  on  tho.se  of  Bombay ; .some  of  these  are  with,  some  without 
dates,  the  figures,  even  when  on,  are  not  reliable;  Java’s  coins  (Dutch  Eiusl 
India  Co.)  prior  to  the  restoration  in  181G  were  maiked  with  Arabic  charactei's, 
but  had  the  Christian  date  in  Euroiiean  figures. 


• 413 


Oriental  Numerals  and  Characters.  XXVII 


< 

> 

1 2 3 4 5 6 

7 8 9 0 

1.  CONSTAXTIXOPLE. 

2.  CAIRO,  EGYPT. 

2 

3.  TUNIS. 

^ 

4.  TRIPOLI. 

# 

5. 

^ 

G.  CONSTANTINOPLE. 

7.  ALGIERS. 

8. 

- 

• 0.  “ 

d 

1 0.  CONSTANTINOPLE. 

^ 

11.  MOROCCO. 

414 


Gold. 


AFGHANISTAN. 


1. 

Indo-Scythian 

Princes 

( OoERKi.  1st  Century,  A.  D. 
1 Baraoro,  “ 

2. 

3. 

of  Kabul. 

] OoERKI,  “ 

4. 

( “Ardokro”  or  uncertain. 

5. 

Gupta,  B.  C.  56, 

Hindu,  about  A.  I).  500. 

6. 

Indo-Scythian, 

Prince  Kauphises. 

7. 

Gupta, 

Hindu. 

8. 

“ 

u 

9. 

“ 

“ 

It). 

H 

tt 

11. 

n 

“ 

12. 

Indo-Scythian, 

Prince  Kaxekki. 

13. 

it  t( 

“ OOERKI. 

14. 

H ti 

“ Baraoro. 

Ij. 

U G 

G G 

10. 

Gupta, 

Hindu. 

17. 

G 

ft 

18. 

G 

ft 

19. 

Indo-Scythian. 

Prince  OOERKI. 

The 

Gol.u  AND  Silver 

Coixs  exhibited  upon  the  plates 

described  as  fully  as  possible,  and  are  copied  frotn  specimens  in  the  hands  of  collectors  and 
museums.  The  dates  range  Irom  the  subjugation  of  Hactria  by  Alexander  the  Great,  to  after 
the  -Mohammedan  invasion  of  India;  or  from  about  15.  G.  200  to  A.  D.  1200,  and  are  relics  of 
the  Greek  and  Indo-Parlhian  Dynasties,  the  Harbaric,  lndo-:?cythian,  and  Sassanian  Kings, 
I’rince-Ghizni^ with  other  Mohammedan,  Hindu,  Kajput  and  Huddhist  coins.  'I'hey  have 
been  gathered  Iroin  many  .sections  and  are  most  jtreeioiis  in  the  eyes  of  collectors,  the  great 
variety  in  character  is  owing  to  the  fretiuent  changes  of  rulers  through  conquest  and  reconquest. 
Weiglit,  fineness  and  value,  it  Is  impossible  to  state,  us  being,  most  of  them,  extremely  rare, 
they  command  very  high  j)reinium  prices. 


AFGHANISTAN  is  a country  on  the  north-west  frontier  of  India,  bounded, 
"W.  and  S.  by  Persia  and  Baluchistan,  X.  and  K.  by  lines  in  dispute  between  Russia 
and  other  powers.  The  mineral  wealth  is  rejuited  great,  but  few  mines  are  worked. 
Foreign  monej-  is  the  onlj^  present  circulation.  The  exports  itito  India,  in  1883,  were 
worth  $l,.a.')0,000.  Population,  estimated  at  4,000,000. 


415 


AFGHANISTAN.  Gold.  XXVr.  . 


t 

i. 


416 

Silver.  . AFGHANISTAN. 

1.  Buddhist,  coin,  Hindu. 

2.  Sassanian  “ of  about  A.  D,  300. 

3.  Indo-Sassanian.  “ “ 

II  II  II  II 

n.  “ “ “ “ 

6.  King  Eukratides,  GREEK,  B.  C.  181.  Didractiiu,  ^quare. 

7.  Rajput  coin,  Hindu,  about  A.  H.  1192. 

^ H ti  tt  it  ti 

9.  Sassanian. 

10. 

11.  King  Philoxenes,  Greek,  B.  C.  1.30.  Heuiidracbin,  Square. 

12.  Indo-Sassanian. 

13.  King  I.ysias,  Greek,  B.  C.  147.  Hemidracbni. 

14.  “ Antiniachus,  Greek,  B.  C.  140.  Obeus. 

15.  Indo-Sassanian. 


417 


AFGHANISTAN.  Silver.  XX\  l.  . 


23 


f: 


418 


SUver.  AFGHANISTAN. 


1. 

King 

Lysia.s,  Greek, 

B.  C.,  147. 

Hcmidrachm. 

2. 

King 

Antimachus.  Greek,  B.C., 

, 140. 

do 

3. 

King 

Eukratides. 

do  do 

181. 

Tetradrachiu. 

4. 

King 

Apollodotus. 

do  do 

no. 

Hcmidrachm. 

5. 

King 

Herinocu.s, 

do  do 

98. 

Didrachin. 

6. 

King 

do 

do  do 

do 

Hemidrachm. 

7.  Sassanian  Coin  of  about  A.  D.  300.  do 

8.  Saukasiituan  Coin  of  about  A.  D.  .500.  Hindu. 


9. 

King  Antialkides,  Greek,  B.  C., 

135. 

Hemidrachm. 

10. 

King  Demetrius, 

do  do 

190. 

Obolus. 

11. 

King  Apjioldotus, 

do 

Square  Hemidrachm. 

12. 

King  Azes,  Barbaric,  B.  C.,  50. 

Triobolus. 

13. 

do  do  do 

do 

do 

14. 

Sassanian 

Drachm. 

15. 

Saurashtran,  Hindu. 

10. 

do 

do 

17. 

King  Antialkides,  Greek. 

Hemidrachm. 

18. 

King  Philoxenes, 

do  B.  C., 

130. 

Didrachin. 

19. 

King  Menander. 

do  do 

126. 

Hemidrachm. 

20. 

do  do 

do  do 

do 

do 

21. 

do  do 

do  do 

do 

do 

22.  Prince  Kadphises,  Indo-Scythian.  The  only  Silver  Coin  extant. 

23.  Sassanian.  Drachm. 

24.  Saukasutkan,  Hindu. 


AFGHANISTAN, 


Silver,  xxvr. 


420 


Gold.  ALGIERS,  TRIPOLI,  TUNIS. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.p. 

VALUE. 

1, 

Aligiers. 

Sequin. 

80.5 

4!) 

41 

1.76 

2. 

do 

Half  Sequin. 

80.5 

25 

20 

.86 

3. 

Tripoli. 

Sequin. 

734 

39 

30 

1.29 

4. 

Tunis. 

Sequin. 

884 

39 

35 

1.50 

5. 

do 

i do 

885 

19 

18 

.76 

TItIPOLI,  a Vilayet,  or  Province  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  on  the  northern 
coast  of  Africa,  and  the  most  easterly  of  the  Barbarj"^  States,  comprising  also  the 
countries  of  Fezzan  and  Barca.  Its  area  is  estimated  at  344,400  square  miles,  and 
population  1,200,000.  The  revenue  is  raised  chiefly  by  tax  or  tribute.  Exports:  bullocks, 
ivory,  wheat,  oil,  barley,  ostrich  feathers,  madder,  pepper,  wool  and  esparto  grass. 
Bengazi,  the  chief  town  of  the  Sandjak,  is  now  a separate  Vilayet;  it  was  the  second 
city  of  importance  in  Tripoli  and  has  about  22,000  inhabitants.  The  commerce  in 
cereals,  wool  and  other  agricultural  produce  is  considerable,  the  export  trade  with 
Great  Britain  in  1882,  amounting  to  $1,500,000.  Tripoli  and  Tunis  have  no  connec- 
tion with  each  other. 


Silver.  ALGIERS. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALl 

1. 

The  coinage  of  tliis  Country 

Pistare. 

880 

310 

272 

.56 

2. 

resembles  tliat  of  Turkey, 

1 Boubre. 

832 

20 

17 

.031 

3. 

in  style  and  uncertainty  of 

Boubre. 

876 

39 

35 

.08 

4. 

value.  Seldom  found  ex- 

1 do 

854 

157 

133 

.26 

5. 

cept  in  collections. 

1 do 

795 

152 

131 

.25 

ALGIIilli.S  is  the  capital  of  Algeria,  a French  Colony  in  Africa  ; bounded, 
N.  by  the  ilediterrauean  Sea,  E.  by  Tunis,  S.  by  the  Great  Sahara,  and  W.  by  Mo- 
rocco. Area,  257,533  miles;  population,  3,310,412,  about  one-tenth  being  Eurojmans, 
of  whom  one-half  are  French.  Formerly  a Turkish  regency;  coins  somewhat  similar, 
but  entirely  distinct  from  that  country,  were  used.  These  are  only  seen  as  curiosities, 
the  colony  being  supplied  with  a coinage  from  France,  and  the  latest  oflicial  report 
(1883)  of  such  circulation  was:  In  gold  coin,  50,000,000  Francs;  in  5-franc  pieces, 
35,000,000  Francs;  in  fractional  coin,  18,000,000  Francs.  The  Bank  of  Algeria  can 
alone  issue  notes,  which  arc  legal  currency  in  the  colon}’;  the  bills  are  of  20,  50, 100, 
600  and  1,000  Francs,  and  the  circulation  in  1883  amounted  to  60,000,000,  against  a 
reserve  24,000,000  Francs.  The  country  has  no  mint,  and  no  mines  of  silver  or  gold. 
Italian,  Swiss,  Belgian  and  Spanish  silver  money  circulates  and  is  received  at  par. 


V- 


421 


ALGIERS,  TRIPOLI,  TUNIS.  Gold. 


422 


Gold.  TURKEY  AND  EGYPT. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS  1 
PURE 

Goi.d.  j 

VALUE. 

1. 

Turkey. 

25  ] 

'iasters. 

832 

2) 

20  i 

.89 

2. 

do 

do 

831 

25 

20J 

.89 

0. 

do 

12i 

do 

8.11 

12 

10 

.43 

■4. 

do 

do 

833 

13 

101 

.46 

r>. 

do 

01 

do 

832 

7 

62 

.28 

c. 

do 

12i 

do 

833 

13 

10} 

.46 

7. 

do 

do 

833 

13 

101 

.46 

8. 

do 

2.') 

do 

834 

25 

201 

.89 

9. 

do 

100 

Piasters. 

915 

lit 

101 

4.34 

10. 

do 

50 

do 

915 

55 

501 

2.16 

1. 

Egy))t. 

50  Piasters. 

O'lO 

40 

'>71 

1.16 

0^ 

do 

100 

do 

874 

133 

1161 

5 00 

:i. 

Nos.  1,  3,  4 and  7 were 

12V 

do 

697 

10 

7 

..30 

4. 

struck  at  Cairo  during  the 

25 

do 

697 

2) 

14 

.86 

f). 

occui»ation  of  Egypt  by 

124 

do 

874 

14 

121 

.52 

(). 

the  French  army. 

100 

do 

874 

132 

1154 

4.96 

7. 

50 

do 

6!>6 

40 

271 

1.18 

8. 

50 

du 

874 

(i7 

584 

2.52 

KGYPT,  a country  iu  the  north-easi  of  Africa,  noniinally  a province  of  the 
Ottoman  Empire,  iiulepeiulent  and  under  the  mleof  tlie  Kliedive  by  Firmans  of 
the  Sultan,  and  at  tlie  same  time  entirely  dependent  for  its  existence  as  a sovereign 
state  upon  the  will  of  stronger  iiowei-s,  England  being  dominant.  Egypt  extends 
up  the  valley  of  the  Nile  so  far  as  the  Equator,  embracing  Nubia,  Kordofan,  Darfur, 
etc.  It  is  divided  into  Uiiper,  Middle  and  Lower  Egypt,  which  last  includes  the 
Della.  Area,  212,000  sipiare  miles  ; population,  ."),.')17,000  in  1877.  Agricultural  pro- 
ducts : millet,  mai/.e,  wheat,  rice,  melons,  cotton,  gourds,  sugar,  tobacco,  hemp, 
cotton,  etc.  No  metals,  but  salt,  nitre,  marble,  red  granite.  Oriental  alabaster,  and 
limestone  arc  found.  Tlie  exports  are  grain,  beans,  cotton,  sugar,  skins  and  feathers, 
amounting  in  1881  to  $08,423,  MO.  There  is  a mint  at  Cairo,  but  no  statistics  are 
liublished.  The  coin  most  in  use  is  the  English  .sovereign,  of  which,  in  1883,  there 
was  in  circulation  the  value  of  $29,199,000,  with  probably  the  same  amount  in 
National  coin,  and  half  as  much  silver;  the  latter  is  generally  the  Maria  Theresa 
thaler,  coined  in  Vienna,  though  these  i)ieces  circulate  rather  in  Soudan,  Abyssinia 
and  Arabia,  than  in  Egypt.  The  country  has  been  almost  hopelessly  involved  for 
years. 


423 


424 

Silver. 


EGYPT. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

1. 

Piaster. 

2. 

20  Medins. 

3. 

These  Coins  are  so 

4 Piaster. 

4. 

base,  being  frequent- 

Ger.vh. 

5. 

ly  copper  with  a thin 

4 Piaster. 

6. 

coating  of  poor  sil- 

1-16  Piaster. 

7^ 

ver,  that  they  are  of 

i Piaster. 

8. 

no  value  as  money, 

Piaster. 

9 

and  their  weight  and 

Piaster. 

10. 

fineness,  it  is  impos- 

4 Piaster. 

11. 

sible  to  state. 

Para. 

12. 

4 Piaster. 

FINE. 


WLUJHT  GRAINS 
OF  I PURE 

Coin.  Sii.ver 


VALUE. 


EGYPT 


Silver, 


XXX. 


42r> 


426 


HINDOSTAN. 


Gold. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  1 PURE 

Coin.  |Sii.vkr 

VALUE. 

1. 

Aries,  tlie  Ram. 

2. 

Tarus,  the  Bull. 

All 

3. 

Gemini,  the  Twins. 

these 

The 

4. 

Money 

Scorpio,  the  Scorpion. 

coins 

weight 

Each 

r, 

of  the 

Leo,  the  Lion. 

are 

of 

worth 

e. 

Grand  Mogul 

Vergo,  the  Virgin. 

full 

each 

$7.23. 

i 

all 

Libra,  the  Seales.  standard 

. is 

Rupees. 

Cancer,  the  Crab. 

(1000) 

168 

0. 

struck 

Sagittarius,  the  Archer. 

fine. 

grains. 

10. 

about 

do  do 

11. 

1774. 

Capricomus,  the  Sea  Goat, 

13. 

Each  with  a 

Aquarius,  the  Water  Bearer. 

i:i. 

Zodiacal 

do  do 

14. 

sign. 

Pisces,  the  Fishes. 

LIOROCCO.  Gold.  XXXII.  . 


428 


Silver.  MOROCCO. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WfclCHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAI.Nb 
1 PURE 
1 Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Spanish  silver  is 

Miscal 

bo5 

439 

^76 

.78 

2 

generally  used  in 

do 

416 

5. 

Morocco. 

do 

910 

436 

396 

.82 

MOKOCCO,  in  the  north-west  of  Africa,  largest  of  the  Barhary  States.  Tlie 
Empire  is  an  absolute  monarchy,  consisting  of  the  kingdom  of  Fez  and  Morocco, 
and  the  territories  of  Suse,  Draha  and  Tafilel,  wliich  are  again  subdivided  into  33 
districts.  Total  area,  200,000  square  miles;  j)oi)ulation  0,140,000.  Agriculture  is 
greatly  neglected.  The  princijial  lu'oducts  are:  wheat,  barley  and  maize,  oil,  esparto- 
gniss  and  hemp,  figs,  almonds,  lemon.s,  olives,  pomegranates,  oranges  and  dates. 
The  mineral  treasures  arc  said  to  be  ricli;  gold,  silver,  antimony,  iron,  coal,  copper, 
lead  and  tin  are  all  found,  the  last  three  in  considerable  quantities.  M’ool  is  plenti- 
ful and  all  these  are  e.\ported,  with  hides,  cjirpets,  slippers,  gums,  ostrich  feathers, 
etc.,  mostly  to  Great  Britain,  which  in  1883  received  e.vports  amounting  to  $1,375,- 
270.  The  government  refuse  any  account  of  finances.  There  is  no  National  Bank 
or  paper  currency.  Rjianish  and  French  coins  circulate  with  a very  few  Moorish, 


the  latter  of  silver  only. 

Silver. 

TUNIS. 

1 

j No. 

PERIOD  1 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

This  money  is  stamped 

Pisture. 

411 

240 

169 

.35 

2.  only  with  the  name  of  the 

D’hl  Pi.stare. 

288 

360 

137 

.28 

3.  Sultan  and  his  titles. 

i Pistare. 

278 

22 

6 

.014 

4. 

Value,  tiuctuatiiig. 

Pistare. 

276 

179 

49 

.10 

6. 

Coins  rarely  seen  except 

i do 

247 

87 

22 

.044 

6.  in  collections. 

i do 

276 

43 

12 

.024 

7. 

1-16  do 

.290 

12 

4 

.01 

429 


MOROCCO.  SUver.  XXXI I.  , 


430 


Gold. 

PERSIA. 

1 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Gold. 

VALUE. 

1. 

Piece  of  Ali  Shah. 

965 

52 

49 

2.11 

o 

Roupee. 

997 

170 

168 

7.23 

1 do 

964 

52 

481 

2.09 

4. 

i do 

810 

46 

37 

1.58 

5.  See  remarks  upon  Silver  Plate.  Piece  of  .\li  Shah. 

965 

52 

49 

2.11 

6. 

i Roupee. 

982 

2.3 

21 

.90 

7. 

1-16  do 

965 

11 

10 

.43 

8. 

i do 

990 

89 

87 

3.73 

9. 

1 do 

958 

52 

48 

2.07 

10. 

1 do 

980 

53 

49 

2.11 

PKltSI  A,  called  by  the  natives,  Iran,  is  the  most  powerful,  opulent,  and  ex- 
tensive native  kingdom  of  Western  Asia.  Area,  636,368  square  miles;  population 
7,653,600.  Its  immense  valleys  abound  with  rarest  and  most  valuable  vegetation ; 
wheat,  barley  and  other  cereals,  cotton,  sugar,  rice  and  opium;  the  vine  flourishes 
and  wines  of  Shiraz  are  celebrated.  Silk  is  an  important  production,  and  the  mul- 
berry tree  is  largely  cultivated.  Salt,  iron,  coal,  copper,  lead,  antimony,  sulphur, 
turquoises  and  other  precious  stones  are  found.  The  Persians  excel  in  their  dyes, 
brocades  and  embroidery;  arms,  carpet.s,  shawls,  felts,  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics 
are  all  manufactured  and  exported  to  the  amount  (in  1882),  of  $2,500,000.  There  is 
no  National  debt,  the  revenue  always  exceeds  expenditure,  and  the  royal  treasury  is 
reputed  to  contain  millions  in  gold  and  other  treasure.  There  is  no  paper  currency, 
and  all  the  coinage  is  now  made  at  the  royal  mint,  after  the  modern  system  with 
uniform  dies.  Formerly  every  city  had  the  right  to  issue  money,  and  scores  of  coins  of 
the  same  denominations,  but  bearing  the  names  of  different  cities,  were  in  general 
circulation.  The  governors  of  provinces  and  cities  pay  large  sums  for  their  oflices 
and  are  required  to  furnish  a specified  revenue  to  the  king,  they  taxing  the  people 
at  their  pleasure  and  making  enormous  profits. 


431 


« 


432 


Silver.  PERSIA. 


1. 

A sun  shining  over 

Sahib-Koran. 

971 

142 

138 

.28 

2. 

the  back  of  an 

do 

950 

86 

81 

.17 

3. 

armed  Lion  consti- 

do 

960 

82 

78 

.16 

4. 

tutes  the  Persian 

do 

961 

82 

78 

.16 

5. 

Arras. 

do 

967 

87 

84 

.17 

6. 

Rupee. 

945 

1.59 

132 

.27 

7. 

Fatha  .\li  Schah,  1796-1834. 

i Rupee, 

900 

18 

16 

.03 

8. 

Sahib-Koran. 

961 

81 

77 

.16 

9. 

4 do 

955 

41 

39 

.08 

10. 

Rupee. 

960 

88 

84 

.17 

11. 

Fatha  Ali  Schah,  1796  1834. 

do 

900 

105 

94 

.19 

12. 

On  most  of  these 

do 

960 

84 

80 

.16 

13. 

Coins  both  sides 

do 

960 

84 

80 

.16 

14. 

are  stamped  with 

do 

962 

89 

85 

.17 

15. 

extracts  from  the 

Penebad. 

962 

38 

36 

.07 

16. 

Koran. 

Rupee. 

945 

141 

133 

.27 

Collectors  will  pay  small  premiums  for  all  Persian  Coins. 


Gold.  TURKEY. 


No. 

PERIOD 

COIN. 

WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

OR  SECTION.  1 

FINE. 

OF 

PURE 

VALUE. 

Coin. 

Gold. 

1. 

Double  Sequin. 

931 

69 

64 

1 i 

2. 

8e(]uin. 

8>^0 

5.5 

48 

2.06 

3. 

The  niniosi  universally  repealed 

do 

805 

40 

32 

1 .::7 

4. 

5. 

monagrani  lu  be  found  on  Turkish 
coins  isihe  Touhra,  a combination 

i do 

800 

12 

It 

.4  8 

lit  the  Inters  of  the  name  ofbuitan 

5 do 

875 

28 

241 

1.05 

0. 

Leiim  ill. 

The  design  resembling  a flower 

Sequin,  Fomloiikli.  800 

53 

43 

1.S4 

7. 

anj  leaves  on  a stem  is  the  Stam* 

A Sequin. 

717 

24 

20 

.86 

boul,  • (.  onsiantinoplc)  Mint -mark. 

k do 

751 

No  likeness  or  image  can  be  put 

7 

■■>1 

.2:5 

1*. 

on  Turkish  coins,  the  religion  of 

1 do 

874 

1 1 

1-1 

.53 

10. 

inscriptions  are  placed  upon  pieces 

4 do  rondoukli.  80.5 

26 

21 

.90 

11. 

of  different  value  and  reigns. 

Sequin,  Maliboob. 

685 

40 

271 

1.17 

12. 

1 he  entire  system  of  money  in 

this  country  is  the  most  unrclinble 

4 do 

802 

no 

1131 

4.80 

13. 

through  fluctuation,  known  in 
modern  coinage. 

D’bl  Sequin,  MahlxK)!).  056 

74 

70 

3.01 

U. 

do 

802 

68 

55 

2 36 

10. 

Sequin,  Mahl)oob. 

36 

34 

1.46 

16. 

50  Piastres. 

915 

60 

;.3 

2.37 

TUIiKKY  (the  Ottoman  Empire).  Turkey  in  Europe,  once  very  c.xtensive, 
is  now  reduced  to  about  1:50,571  square  miles;  population  8,071,000  (this  iucludinj; 
Hulgaria,  Eastern  lloumelia  and  Bosnia,  without  which  the  area  is  80,000  squaie 
miles,  and  population  5,275,000).  The  soil  is  fertile,  though  but  little  cultivated;  the 
agricultural  products  are  maize,  rice,  cotton,  rye,  barley,  millet;  of  trees,  there  arc 
the  pine,  beech,  oak,  lime  and  ash,  with  the  apjde,  pear,  cherry  and  apricot  in  the 
basin  of  the  Danube,  the  palm,  myrtle,  maple,  sycamore,  walnut,  chestnut,  carob, 
box,  laurel,  etc.,  south  of  the  Balkans;  large  forests  of  pine  and  fir  in  the  north- 
west; the  olive,  orange,  citron,  vine,  ireach,  i)lum  and  fruit  trees  in  Albania,  and 
abundance  of  ro.ses  in  the  valley  of  ^laritza.  ilinenils:  iron,  lead  blended  with  sil- 
ver, copper,  salt,  alum  and  coal.  Manufactures:  woollen  and  cotton  stufis,  shawls, 
leather,  fire-arms,  dyeing  and  printing  works. 

Turkey  in  Asia,  largest  of  the  two  divisions,  comprises  Asia  Minor,  Syria, 
including  Palestine,  the  greater  part  of  Annenia  and  Kurdistan,  Mesopotamia  (the 
valley  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris),  and  the  western  portion  of  Arabia,  bordering 
the  Bed  Sea,  with  the  district  of  El  Ilasa  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 
Total  area,  729,981  square  miles;  estimated  population  17,536,405.  The  latest  official 
reports  of  commerce  and  finances  in  Turkey,  are  as  follows  : (1884),  Public  debt, 
^538,180,170;  the  government  by  an  arrangement  with  its  bondliolders,  “scaled”  its 
public  debt  in  1881  from  $1,264,009,425  to  the  amount  first  given  : revenue,  $08,- 
4:10,000;  expenditures,  $70,495,000;  imports,  $107,272,845;  exports,  $98,272,475.  In 
1883  there  was  coined  in  the  Turkish  mint,  of  gold,  30,560,000  piasters  ($1,:544,640); 
of  silver,  1,000,000  jtiasters  (.$44,000);  at  the  close  of  the  year  there  was  no  gold  in 
the  treasury.  Of  government  paper  currency  there  was  outstanding  onOecember 
31,  1883,  100,247, 186  piasters  ($7,050,870. 18);  the  government  pajrer  is  no  longer  in 
circulation.  At  the  same  date,  the  Imperial  Ottoman  Bank  (the  notes  being  re- 
deemable at  par  in  gold),  had  outstanding  in  500  piaster  notes,  31,025,000  piasters, 
equivalent  to  $1,365,100.  Turki.-.h  tiiiaiiees  arc  and  have  long  been  much  confused. 


136 


Gold.  XXXV. 


TURKEY. 


f 


430 


Silver.  TURKEY. 


No. 

PKRIOD 
OR  SKCTION. 

COIN. 

FlNl-:. 

WtUaiT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAINb 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

3 Piasters. 

475 

490 

2.3.3 

.48 

O 

/arimlik,  20  Paras. 

375 

97 

30 

.07 

3. 

See  remarks  on  first 

Ikilik,  2 Piivstres. 

4(1!) 

473 

221 

.-15 

4. 

page  relating  to 

20  Paras. 

3!»7 

120 

47 

.19 

5. 

Turkey. 

Double  Piastre. 

730 

39.5 

28.5 

..59 

6. 

I’iastre. 

400 

142 

55 

.13 

7. 

Ikilik,  80  Paras. 

403 

410 

190 

.39 

138 


Silver.  TURKEY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FIXE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
PL’ RE 
Silver 

V.MX’E. 

1. 

Piaster. 

475 

196 

93 

.19 

O 

40  Paras. 

490 

203 

99 

.20 

See  remarks  on 

Pia.ster 

48.5 

189 

92 

.19 

4. 

other  page. 

1-16  Piaster. 

180 

14 

2i 

.OOi 

5. 

Pia.ster. 

22.5 

2.32 

50 

.10 

G. 

do 

464 

203 

91 

.19 

7. 

do 

468 

201 

91 

.19 

440 


. f 


Silver.  TURKEY. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

Pt'RE 

SlEVER 

VALUE. 

1. 

Piaster. 

Base. 

175 

These  eoins  are  so  base 

2. 

do 

4.46 

100 

that  it  is  impossihle  to 

5 Piaster. 

46.5 

102 

estimate  tlie  purity  <r 

•j. 

i tlo 

225 

115 

aetnal  value. 

r>. 

See  remarks  on  otlier  pages  do 

4()5 

71 

They  are  made  from 

Ct. 

relating  to  Turkey.  do 

170 

119 

several  compositions  of 

7. 

I do 

217 

40 

])oor  metals,  and  are 

8. 

MG  do 

472 

12 

sometimes  j)Iated  with 

9. 

I do 

263 

2() 

silver.  They  have  aetu- 

10. 

} do 

.407 

82 

ally  no  value  except  to 

11. 

1 do 

467 

34 

collectors. 

12. 

1 do 

439 

47 

Ill 


TURKEY.  Silver.  XXXV.  ^ 


Gold. 

SWEDEN 

PERIOD 

COIN. 

1 

jWEKJHT 

GRAINS 

No. 

OR  SECTION. 

FLNE. 

1 OF 

, Coin. 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

I. 

Charles  XIV. 

4 Ducat.s. 

!i7(i 

215 

2(l9 

$8.99 

2. 

Oscar. 

Ducat. 

i»r.i 

53 

52 

2.23 

.1. 

Charles  XII. 

Double  Dimat. 

i)7it 

107 

105 

4.51 

4. 

Charles  XIV. 

Double  Ducat. 

Ji7o 

107 

104 

4.47 

5. 

Adolph -P'rederic. 

Ducat. 

07!) 

53 

52 

2.23 

0. 

Adolph-Erederic. 

Ducat. 

880 

53 

48 

2.06 

/ . 

Frederic. 

Ducat. 

979 

,53 

52 

2.23 

K 

Oscar. 

Ducat. 

975 

53 

52 

2.23 

9, 

Charles  XIII. 

Ducat. 

975 

53 

52 

2.23 

to. 

Gustave  IV. 

Ducat. 

977 

53 

52 

2.23 

11. 

Gustave  III. 

Ducat. 

977 

53 

52 

2.23 

12. 

Frederic. 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

52 

9,9*1 

13. 

Charles  XII. 

Ducat. 

975 

55 

52 

2 03 

S\>  I'^DKX  AND  NORWAY.  These  two  kinjrdonis,  now  united  under 
one  sovereign,  embrace  between  them  the  entire  north-western  ])eninsula of  Kurope, 
usually  called  Hcanditiavia,  bounded  by  the  Haltic  Sea  and  (Julf  of  Hothnia  on  the 
west,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the  cast. 


SwtMleii  comitrisos  the  ea.stcrn  half  of  the  peninsula,  and,  except  the  capital  is 
divided  into  24  governtnents,  “Laii,”  with  an  area  of  1T0,!)S0  square  inile.s,  and  a 
I)opulation  (Dec.  1881),  of  4,.')72,24.'),  of  whom  8 millions  were  devoted  to  asricnl 
ture,  200,000  being  owners  of  the  land  they  cultivated.  Most  of  the  cereals  are 
raised,  and  potatoes;  oats  are  largely  exported.  iMinenil  itroducts  are  verv  rich; 
iron  which  makes  the  fittest  steel;  sotue  gold  and  silver,  copper,  lead,  nickel,  zinc, 
cobalt,  alum,  suljthur,  porphyry  and  intirble;  also  coal.  The  chief  exports  are  titn- 
ber,  oats,  cjitlle,  butler,  iron,  copper,  steel,  paper,  lUiitches,  zinc,  ores,  pilch,  tar, 
etc.,  amounting  in  1882  to  $02,140,0.10.  llcvenuc  and  expenditures  about  even. 


414 


Norway,  conjoint  with  Sweden  since  1814,  occupies  the  western  and  northern 
part  of  the  i>cninsula.  It  is  divided  into  20  provinces,  or  “amts,”  comprising  an 
area  of  122,809  square  miles;  population  1,818,853;  one-thirtieth  of  the  country  is 
cultivated,  forests  cover  one-fourth,  the  rest  is  naked,  uninhabitable,  mountain- 
land.  The  cod  and  herring  fisheries  employ  most  of  the  inhubitants.  Mineral  pro- 
ducts are  similar  to,  but  less  than  those  of  Sweden.  Ship  building  and  timber 
dressing  iire  the  chief  industrial  arts.  E.xports:  timber,  cod  fish  and  its  oil,  herrings, 
salmon,  lobsters,  minerals,  furs  and  ice,  amounting  in  1883  to  $34,154,415;  public 
debt  same  year,  $28,791,240,  incurred  mostly  in  constructing  railways.  The  admin- 
istration of  Norway  is  entirely  distinct  from  that  of  Sweden,  and  it  retains  its  own 
laws. 


Silver.  NORWAY. 


\ 

No.  j 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WtKJHT 

OK 

Coin. 

GRAI.Nh 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Carl  XIV  Juhuiiii. 

)cc.es-I)alcr. 

876 

446 

39!» 

83. 

2^ 

do 

do 

876 

446 

399 

.83 

3. 

do 

Species  clol20Skillin 

g.876 

446 

399 

.83 

4. 

.1  > 

ASpeciesdo  COSkillin^ 

;.  877 

223 

196 

.41 

5. 

do 

i Species  do 

876 

224 

196 

.41 

6. 

do 

i Species  do 

876 

224 

196 

.41 

7^ 

Oscar. 

24  Skilling 

877 

88 

77 

.16 

8. 

Carl  XIV  Johann. 

do  1-5  Species  Daler.  87ti 

8:» 

77 

.16 

9. 

Oscar. 

12  do  1-10  do 

877 

47 

41 

.0« 

10. 

Carl  XIV  Johann 

24  do  1-5  do 

688 

114 

77 

.16 

\ 


145 


SI 


r S j i Mx.F  S 
IhA^pi  ^ 


^eSAWS^ 


inSSTrTMK-P.S 


-.?;'/^»  Kis 
J'IVji  ^ 


SKILL  li\i; 
SFEIMKS 


Silver.  SWEDEN. 


No,  1 

PERIOU 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WhlGHf 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 
1 PURE 

Stiatr 

VALUE. 

1. 

Oscar.  (Norway.) 

Riksdulcr. 

751 

598 

397 

.82 

o 

Charles  XII. 

do 

875 

450 

393 

.82 

Gustave  IV. 

Specie  Riksdaler. 

875 

453 

396 

.82 

1. 

■Xdolph  Frederick. 

Double  Carolin. 

694 

320 

223 

.16 

Oscar.  (Norway.) 

1-16  Specie  Riksdaler.  750 

32 

21 

«. 

Gustave  III. 

<lo  do 

875 

300 

262 

.51 

7. 

Carl  XIV. 

I do  do 

759 

522 

3: 1 

.81 

448 


Gold.  SWITZERLAND. 

No. 

pp:riod 

OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGH!’ 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Coin. 

1 

VALUE.  ' 

1 

1. 

I lelvet'.a  t onfedi-raiioii. 

Double  I’i.siole. 

!•  1 

23.) 

21  li 

9.09 

2. 

Helvetia  Cimfederatioii. 

Pistole. 

!>ni 

123 

110} 

4.76 

3. 

Itasel  Canton. 

Ducat. 

•14  ! 

.')3 

51 5 

2.21 

4. 

lla.-^el  Canton. 

Pistole. 

!)n0 

ns 

lOi) 

4.5t> 

o. 

Hasel  Canton. 

Pistole. 

s:n 

118 

1114 

4.47 

G. 

Ihisel  Canton. 

Florin. 

CO.j 

49 

35 

1 50 

7. 

Hern  Canton. 

Ducat. 

!H.t 

5.J 

4Si 

2 07 

ft. 

Hern  Canton. 

Ducat. 

!H:) 

53 

48i 

2 07 

9. 

Hasel  Canton. 

Double  Florin. 

703 

its 

69 

2.97 

10. 

Hern  Canton. 

Ducat. 

913 

53 

48} 

2 07 

11. 

Her  1 Canton. 

Ducat. 

91G 

47 

4 i 

1.87 

12. 

Hern  Canton. 

P stole. 

K97 

117 

105 

4.51 

13. 

Hern  Canton. 

Double  Ducat. 

919 

107 

97 

4.16 

14. 

Hern  Canton. 

Ducat. 

919 

53 

48} 

2.07 

15. 

Hern  C.inton. 

Double  Ducat. 

919 

107 

97 

4.16 

IG. 

Hern  Canton. 

Quarter  Ducat. 

919 

13 

12 

.51 

17. 

Hern  Canton. 

Double  Ducat. 

919 

107 

f»7 

4 16 

SWITZE11LANI>,  a Federal  liepublic  of  Central  Europe  (the  Helvetia  of 
the  Romans).  It  is  cf)ini)osed  of  22  Cantons,  of  ver}'  unequal  size,  united  under  a 
constitution  dated  May  29,  1874,  and  comprises  a total  area  of  l.'5,991  square  miles, 
with  2,840,012  population  in  1880.  Forests  cover  one-si.\lh  of  the  whole  surface;  in 
the  valleys,  wheat,  oats,  maize,  barley,  llax,  hemp  and  tobacco  are  produced.  The 
manufactures  consist  chietly  of  silks,  cottons,  linen,  lace,  thread,  woollens,  etc., 
clocks  and  watclies  have  long  been  the  stajtle  i)roduce  of  Geneva  and  Xeufchatel, 
while  leather,  gloves,  porcelain,  ]>otterj',  tobacco,  snulf,  cheese,  sugar,  etc.,  are 
made,  and  all  these  are  exported.  The  debt  in  1883,  was  $0, 1 20, 780.  The  commerce 
of  this  country  is  not  onicially  reported  in  money  values.  The  Swiss  Confederation 
has  no  jtaper  money  in  circulation.  The  amount  of  such  money  in  circulation  at 
the  close  of  1883,  as  issued  by  tlie  hanks  authorized  by  law  to  do  so,  wa..  11 7, 5.)  1,000 
francs.  822.087.343. 


It:) 


SV/ITZERLAND.  Gold.  XXXTX.  , 


^16  1 
Woo  -1 


'ILV.>'KKV 


1800 


fo.v.srm'A 

AOS 

jprPACEJ 


iinTTTTrrrr, 


pT’ftcW 

V »»*  j 


^ SENE  ^ 
-nl^Tl^s 
SIT  iehos:a 

V DBr.s  > 
X^1780^>^ 

\/dec^ 


ff^BEXE 
^TJurTr.s^  j' 

sitiehova 

^ SBJTK 


jfTTTTTTij, 


Srjwrs 

.FIUniDHBnV 

k 170fi  vj 


iDrfAT 
iL  1796  jl 


BE.\E»lfTr»l 
IsiTIEHOVAj 
I »ijr  s f 


ajircAT, 

k 1727  ; 


/-7 

VA 

1^ 

m 

28 


Gold.  SWITZERLAND. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Goi.d. 

VALUE. 

1.  Canton  Geneva. 

Triple  Pistole. 

914 

264 

247 

10.63 

2 

“ Lucerne. 

Double  Pistole. 

896 

235 

210 

9.0.3 

.3. 

I<  << 

Double  Ducat. 

875 

107 

93 

4.00 

4. 

4(  4t 

Double  Pi.stole. 

896 

235 

210 

9.03 

5. 

(4  44 

Pistole. 

901 

117 

105 

4.51 

6. 

44  44 

Ducat. 

979 

53 

- 51 

2.20 

7. 

44  44 

Pistole. 

896 

117 

103 

4.47 

S. 

44  44 

Double  Ducat. 

900 

106 

95 

4.08 

9. 

“ Soleure. 

Pistole  and  i Pistole. 

900 

f 118 
1 59 

106 

53 

4.55 

2.27 

10. 

44  44 

i Pistole. 

850 

29 

25 

1.07 

11. 

44  44 

Pistole. 

900 

106 

95 

4.08 

12. 

44  44 

Double  Pistole 

900 

212 

190 

8.17 

1.3. 

“ Neufchatel, 

Pistole,  Fred’k  d’Or. 

900 

120 

108 

4.65 

11. 

“ Soleure. 

Double  Pi.stole. 

900 

235 

211 

9.07 

1.3. 

Schweitz. 

Ducat. 

938 

53 

49 

2.11 

16. 

“ Zurich. 

do 

983 

53 

51 

2.19 

17. 

“ Uri. 

do 

9()7 

52 

49 

2.11 

18. 

“ Unterwalden. 

do 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

19. 

4,  44 

do 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

20. 

44  44 

do 

900 

53 

47 

2.03 

21. 

“ Zurich. 

i Ducat. 

990 

13 

12i 

54 

22. 

“ do 

i do 

990 

26 

253 

1.11 

r- 


i.‘)i 


SWITZERLAND. 


Gold.  XXXTX. 


Gold.  SWITZERLAND. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

VVElGHf 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

GOl.P. 

VALU 

1. 

Berne  Canton. 

3 Dueat.x. 

!»7o 

1 57 

15.3 

6..'.8 

2. 

Berne  Canton. 

3 Ducats. 

975 

157 

1.53 

6.58 

3. 

Berne  Canton. 

2 Ducats. 

975 

lOi! 

103 

4 43 

4. 

Berne  Canton. 

(5  Ducats. 

975 

304 

2964 

12.75 

5. 

Berne  Canton. 

4 Ducats. 

97.5 

212 

206 

8.86 

(>. 

Berne  Canton. 

8 Ducats. 

975 

424 

412 

17.72 

7. 

Berne  Canton. 

10  Ducats. 

(•75 

510 

512 

22.02 

8. 

Berne  Canton. 

8 Ducats. 

975 

424 

412 

17.72 

9. 

Berne  Canton. 

5 Ducats. 

975 

258 

256 

11.00 

10. 

Berne  Canton. 

1 Ducat. 

975 

53 

5L 

2.21. 

11. 

Geneva  Canton 

20  <fc  10  Francs. 

900 

!*9 

89 

3.83 

45i 

44  i 

1.91 

12. 

Saint  Gall  Canton. 

Ducat. 

9.50 

52 

50 

2.15 

13. 

Geneva  Canton. 

Pistole. 

900 

87 

78 

3.31 

14. 

Geneva  Canton. 

Pistole,  (vielle,) 

900 

103 

93 

4.00 

4:.  3 


SWITZERLAND. 


Gold. 


XXXTX. 


4 


PICTCS 
STT  lEHOVA 
V »El"  S / 


'BEAEBU’TrS 

, stnwuorA 
> ]IUC>S  ti 


-^.nrfAir, 
>1?^  j 


^ BKXK^ 
^ICTl  S Sl'l', 
^ikhova  k 
iL  1)KVS  ^ 


•T-rnTrrr, 


9 


10  % 
U4>TS. 
1«48  M 


1. 

Confedenitioii  Helvetia. 

5 Francs. 

903 

.'!S5 

346 

.72 

2. 

do 

do 

1 do 

900 

77 

69 

.1 1 

3. 

do 

do 

2 do 

900 

154 

134 

.28 

4. 

do 

do 

1 do 

900 

38 

31 

.07 

3. 

do 

do 

J do 

900 

154 

138 

.28 

6. 

do 

do 

1 do 

900 

77 

69 

.1  1 

Cantoa  Basilea. 

Ecu. 

865 

435 

376 

.78 

S. 

do  (iraubunden. 

do 

900 

435 

391 

.81 

Neiifcdialel. 

‘Jl  Rat/.en. 

795 

2;;g 

207 

.43 

4.')  4 


Silver. 


SWITZERLAND. 


PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 


WEIGHT 

GRAINS 

COIN. 

FINE. 

OF 

Coin. 

PURE 

SiLvr.R 

v.m.lt:. 

_1 


V 


45') 


'"■'niiuuuu***^ 


Tzeiv 


LUilUliUUk' 


4.*>6 


Silver.  SWITZERLAND. 


No. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT 

OF 

Coin. 

GRAINS 

PURE 

Silver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Canton  Geneva. 

Gros  Ecu. 

870 

518 

450 

.93 

2. 

do 

do 

Six  Soles. 

236 

43 

10 

.02 

8. 

do 

do 

Ten  Francs. 

900 

772 

694 

1.44 

4. 

do 

do 

Patagon  or  Ecu. 

844 

422 

356 

.73 

0. 

do 

do 

Five  Francs. 

900 

386 

348 

.72 

6. 

do 

do 

i Gros  Ecu. 

870 

259 

225 

.47 

i . 

do 

Claris. 

40  Batzen. 

896 

4,')4 

405 

.84 

8. 

do 

St.  Gall. 

5 do 

691 

66 

46 

.09 

SWITZERLAND. 


.■FLORlNffi 

I ^ I 

t,  SOIS^ 


'<=cm^OLsJr 


319^ 


i5©FHANCS®^ 


r vL  1 

[FL(H1LVS 

Uv^ATi'J 


fhantn 


4.’)  7 


458 


Silver.  SWITZERLAND. 


No. 

OR 

Pt:RIOD 

SECTION. 

COIN. 

FIXE. 

WKIUHT 

OF 

Coin. 

CivAl.^S 

1 rCR2 
|S:i.vi:r 

VALUE. 

1. 

Can  toil  Kerne. 

Ken, 

907 

41.'> 

412 

.86 

2. 

do 

do 

Old  Thaler,  (Vinzenz)  840 

420 

.73 

.3. 

do 

do 

Old  Thaler. 

840 

420 

3.53 

.73 

4. 

do 

Freyburg. 

4 F raucs. 

890 

402 

409 

.85 

r>. 

do 

Berne 

Ecu. 

907 

4.‘>o 

412 

.S(> 

ti. 

do 

Freyburg. 

10  Batzen. 

82.0 

121 

103 

.21 

7. 

do 

St.  Gall. 

i Gulden, 

825 

ISO 

l.-)3 

.32 

SWITZERLAND.  Silver.  XXXIX.  , 


\ 


460 


SUver.  SWITZERLAND. 


Ko. 

PERIOD 
OR  SECTION. 

COIN. 

FINE. 

WEIGHT  GRAINS 
OF  1 PURE 

Coin.  |Sii,ver 

VALUE. 

1. 

Ilelvetique  Confederation. 

40  Batzen. 

90.3 

402 

418 

.87 

o 

do 

20  do 

903 

227 

205 

.42 

;i. 

do 

10  do 

830 

123 

102 

.21 

4. 

do 

4 Eranc-s. 

903 

401 

418 

.87 

0. 

Canton  Appeiizel. 

2 do 

900 

231 

207 

.43 

c. 

Canton  Argovie. 

20  Batzen. 

899 

227 

202 

.42 

7. 

Canton  Ba.silea. 

Ecu. 

8'.0 

398 

3.39 

.70 

8. 

Canton  Appenzel. 

4 P'rancs. 

900 

402 

415 

.86 

9. 

do 

do 

900 

402 

415 

.80 

A 


JGl 


iiF  *.’  ■ 


462 


CAMBODIA, 


Silver.  XXVlU, 


Camhouia,  Silvkr  Coins. — Xol;  3 Ticals,  woith  about  Xo.  2; 

Coin  equal  to  5 Francs,  900  line,  grains  weight— 72  cents.  Xo.  3 ; Eciual  to 
4 Francs,  900  fine,  134  grains  weight— 28  cents. 

Cambodia,  or  Cambo.ia,  or  Cambodge,  is  iKuinded  X.  by  Siam,  E.  by 
Cocliin  Cilia,  S.  by  the  French  Colony,  and  has  a sea  board  of  200  miles  on  the 
(Inlf  of  Siam.  Tlie  Frencli  as.snnu*(l  a I'rotectorate  over  it  in  1804.  It  is  the 
remains  of  a once  powerful  and  wealthy  nation.  The  Caiiital  is  Fenim|ienh, 
and  KamiHit  is  its  the  only  i>ort.  Chief  products  and  exiiorts  ; gamboge,  cania- 
inons,  caoutchouc,  spices  and  fish.  Elephants  and  rhinoceroses  abound,  and  the 
magnificent  remains  of  ancient  glory  aie  of  greatest  interest.  Xo  financial 
statistics  are  to  be  obtained. 


k;;j 


ohi  Tiiiie  yIeMs  up  !iLs  ]>rerious  hoanls 
CaUu  bcleuced  gives  her  just  awards; 


l?y  tarnislKMl  rolii,  th*  long*l>l<l<lon  pa.-t,  restored, 
l*roves  History's  truth, —coiupletes  her  graud  record. 


464 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

Tlie  rather  numerous  plates  devoted  to  Greek  coins  of  past  ages  are  by  no 
means  the  least  valuable  or  iuterestmg  in  tliis  work,  comprising  as  tliey  do, 
records  and  studies  in  mythology  througli  the  presentation  of  the  gods  and  heroes 
as  imagined  by  their  worshii)ers;  in  history  presenting  what  must  l)e  accepted 
as  authentic  portraits  of  sovereigns  and  i)rinces  from  Alexander  to  Augustus, 
covering  :i  period  of  from  li.  C.  700,  to  the  Cliristian  Era,  and  giving  reliable 
evidences  of  political  changes  and  histories  of  the  many  autononomous  cities  and 
states  of  the  then  civilized  world;  the  metrologist  will  tind  much  to  command 
attention  in  comparison  of  the  various  systems  and  standards;  the  paleograiibist 
will  have  examples  of  the  ancient  alphalx-ts,  I>ycian  and  C’yprian,  El  cenician, 
(Geek,  Latin,  Ilxrian,  &c.,  in  dilferent  stages  of  tlevelopment,  and  the  artist  or 
medallist  see  before  bim  models  of  ixrfection,  that  for  elegance  of  design  and 
excellence  of  tinish  defy  the  genius  and  skill  of  the  present  day  to  ecpial  or  even 
approach. 

The  plates  inesent  sj)ecimeii  coins  of  Syria,  Egypt,  Asia  Minor,  Eheenicia, 
Northern  and  Central  Greece,  the  I'eloiKumesus  and  islands  of  the  yEgean,  Italy, 
Sicily,  Western  Euioih',  the  southern  shores  of  the  ^lediterranean,  Ac.,  Ac., 
exhibiting  the  Period  of  Archaic  Art,  ending  with  the  Persian  wars.  Ik  C.  700 
4Si);  Period  of  Transitional  and  Early  Fine  Art,  to  the  end  of  the  Athenian 
supremacy,  15.  C.  4.S0-400;  Period  of  Fine.st  Art,  Age  of  the  Spartan  and  Theban 
snpremac'ies,  Ik  C.  4K)-.k{(j;  IVriod  of  J,ater  Fine  Art.  Age  of  Alexander  and 
the  Diadochi,  Ik  C.  .'klO-'iSO;  I’eriod  of  the  Decline  of  Art.  Age  ot  the  Epigoni, 
Ac..  Ik  C.  280-190;  Period  of  continued  Decline  of  Art,  Age  of  the  Attalids, 
Ik  C.  190-100;  and  Period  of  the  late  Decline  of  Art,  Age  of  Mithradates  the 
Great  and  of  Roman  dominion,  Ik  C.  100-1. 

The  skill  of  the  most  eminent  artists  and  engravers  has  been  calk'd  into 
requisition  in  the  i>reparation  of  these  beautiful  i)lates  from  authentic,  original 
coins,  and  the  results  of  their  efforts,  sui«*rior  though  it  is,  hardly  does  justice  to 
the  elegant  motiels  froui  which  they  copied. 

1.  A Phocaic  stater,  electrum  metal,  nf  Leshos.  Obverse,  a lion’s  head; 
Reverse,  an  incuse  square*.  Probably  belonging  to  the  period  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  reform  of  the  courage  by  Cuesus,  13.  C.  000. 

2.  A “L.\MPSArENT>:  stater,”  such  as  is  mentioned  in  Attic  inscriptions, 
together  with  the  stater's  of  Cyzicu.s.  This  is  of  electrum;  about  the  end  of  the 
fifth  century  a gold  coinagee  was  introduced.  The  st*a  horse  is  a symbol  of 
Poseidon.  About  15.  C.  478. 

o.  Ear  ly  gold  coin,  an  Euhoic  stater  of  Sardis,  capital  of  Lydia.  Obvei'se, 
foreparts  of  lion  and  bull,  face  to  face;  Revei'se,  irreuse  siiuare.  R.  C.  .’>08. 

4.  .V  double  stater  nf  Ci/ziats,  Tuon  with  fish  lx*low,  on  observe'  Revei'se, 
piuich-mark,  about  15.  C.  479. 

o.  gold  Daric,  or  Pei-sian  stater,  of  Darius  TTystasiies,  who  died  B.  C.  404. 
Obverse,  the  King  kirceliug  with  bow  and  javelin;  Revei'se,  the  punch  mark. 

G.  Conoi’HON,  a coin  of  a dog  standing  uixrn  a fish.  Pliny  states  that  the 
people  of  this  city  trained  their  dogs  to  assist  in  war,  and  to  docility  as  .sentinels; 
l)ate  about  15.  C.  oOU. 

7.  Dorni.E  Stater  of  Pliocea.  an  Tonian  city  in  Asia  ^finor.  A seal  on 
the  Obvei'se,  and  mark  of  punch  on  the  Reverse.  Dale  about  Ik  C.  ")00. 

8.  Didraciim  of  yEgiiia,  an  island  in  the  Saronic  gulf.  Obverse,  a land 
tortoise;  Reverst*,  the  punch-mark  divided  into  compartments.  Date  15  C.  7.')0. 

9.  Teos,  a gold  coin  of  head  of  the  fabulous  griffin  on  Obverse,  and  intiich- 

mark  of  very  early  date  on  Reverse.  Date  15.  ')20. 

10.  An  incu.se  coin  of  the  city  of  Sybaris,  destroyed  B.  C.  .'510.  A bull  is 
shown,  looking  backwards.  The  initial  letters,  read  from  right  to  left,  the  fii'st 
letter  turned  irai-tly  over,  indicating  great  antitpiity. 


131 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


4GG 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

11.  Of  the  Spartan  colony  of  Gyrene  in  Africa.  Obveiiie,  tlie  .Siicred  Sili)hinin 
plant ; Kevei’se,  in  punch  mark,  head  of  Jupiter  Ainiuon.  Dale  B.  C.  4.‘)0— 4G0. 

12.  Of  Athens,  i)rohably  in  the  time  of  Pericles.  Obvem*,  head  of  Athena 
(Minerva);  Beverse,  punch  mark  with  owl  and  the  initials  of  the  city. 

1.3  Early  coin  of  Syracuse  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  head  of  Jupiter,  with  thun- 
derbolt behind  the  shoulder. 

14.  Veri'  early  coin  of  Selinus,  a town  on  the  south  coa.st  of  Sicily.  Obvei’se, 
leaf  of  wild  pai'sley,  the  sacred  symbol  of  the  city. 

1. }.  Tktiiadu.vcu.m,  of  Panormu.s.  Obvei-se,  Head  of  Demeter,  the  pro<lnct.s 
of  the  held  in  her  hair;  Reverse,  a horse  salloping  piust  a palm  tree.  Date, 
B.  C.  48U. 

IG.  Bronze  coin  of  Panonnns.  Obvfrse,  Head  of  Janus,  laureateil;  Reverse; 
Po,  enclo.stid  in  a wreath  of  olive  leaves.  B.  C.  480. 

17.  Bronze  coin  of  Panormus.  Obverse,  a lielmeted  male  head,  laureated; 
name  of  the  city  around  it;  Reverse,  a laureated  male  head.  B.  C.  480. 

18.  Bronze  coin  of  Panormus.  Obverse,  a fine  head  of  Pallas;  Reverse,  a 
horse  head  and  the  trinacrin,  tyiiifying  the  three-cornered  island  of  Sicily.  B.  C. 
480. 

10.  Bronze  coin  of  Mamertini.  Obveme,  Head  of  Hercules  in  a lion’s  skin; 
Reverse,  an  eagle  standing  on  a supiiort  and  having  a serpent  trodden  under  his 
left  claw.  Date,  about  B.  G.  400. 

*20.  Tetu.vdraciim,  of  Panormus,  a city  in  Sicily,  Obverse,  Head  of  Her- 
cules with  lion’s  skin;  Reverse,  a hoi'se  head  between  a head  of  wheat  and  a 
palm  branch.  Date,  B.  G.  480. 

21.  Bronze  coin  of  Panormus.  Obverse,  a male  head;  Reverse,  three  spears 
of  wheat,  indicating  the  fertility  of  the  country.  B.  G.  480. 

22.  Tetr.vdraciim,  of  Zancle,  now  ^fes.sina,  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  a dolphin 
curved;  Reveise,  fancifully  sulMlivided  by  two  series  of  jiarallel  line.s,  at  right 
angles  to  each  other.  In  the  central  space  is  a shell.  Date,  alKiut  B.  C.  400. 

23.  Tktradrachm,  of  Me.s.siina.  Obveise,  a hare,  courant;  R"vei-se;  a car 
drawn  by  mules,  with  victory,  holding  crown,  flying  above.  These  ;H*culiar 
tyi)es  were  liist  adopted  on  coins  by  Ana.xilaus,  who  won  a victory  at  Olympia 
with  the  mule  car,  and  who  introduced  hares  into  Sicily.  About  B.  G.  400. 

24.  A bronze  coin  of  Mamertini.  Obvei-se,  a male  head,  laureated;  Reveise, 
a bull,  with  lowered  head,  advancing  towards  the  observer’s  left.  Date,  about 
B.  G.  400. 

2. ").  Tetradraoitm,  of  >fessenia,  a south-westerly  district  of  Peloponnesu-s. 
OhYeise,  a lion’s  scalp;  Reverse,  head  of  a calf,  looking  toward  the  observer’s 
left.  B.  G.  450. 

20.  TiCTRADRACnM,  of  Cataua,  a city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  a male  head, 
lanreated,  full-face  fronting;  Reverse,  a (juadriga  pas.sing  a column,  a victory 
flying  above,  a seri)cnt  beneath.  B.  G.  400. 

27.  Tetradraciim,  of  Gatana.  Obvei-se,  fine  head  of  Ajiollo,  laureatnl, 
etc.;  Revei'se,  a (piadriga,  witli  a victory  above  and  a crab  beneath.  B.  G. 
400. 

28.  An  electmm  coin  of  the  city  of  Syracuse,  the  mrst  imjwrtant  in  Sicily. 
(Jbvei'se,  an  elegant  head  of  Artemis;  Revei’se,  a line  head  of  Apollo.  B.  G. 
oOC. 

20.  Tktrapraciim,  of  Syracuse.  Obvei-sc,  bead  of  Arethus<T,  surrounded 
by  dolphins;  Revei’st*,  a i)uadriga,  with  victory  above,  holding  a legend;  Inflow 
are  two  dolphius.  B.  G.  500. 

30.  Bronze  coin  of  Synicuse.  Obverse,  a fine  head  of  Ajxillo;  Revei-se,  abiga 
driven  towards  the  observer’s  right;  the  Greek  letter  Psi  in  the  exergue.  B.  G. 
500. 


467 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


19 


4G8 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

31.  Tktrabr ACTTM,  of  S^Tacvise.  Obverse,  bead  of  Pallas,  belnieted,  and 
behind  a bunch  or  grapes  over  a wine  cnp;  Peverse,  a i«*2asns  urallonin". 

32.  TKTKADKACiiJt,  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  head  of  Palla.s,  belnieted,  bull’s 
head  between  the  head  and  border;  Reverse,  a iiegasus  in  motion.  R.  C.  oUO. 

33.  Tktuaduaciim,  of  Syracuse.  Obvei-se,  a line  male  head;  Revei-se,  the 
fore-part  of  a pegasus  galloping  towarils  the  observer's  left.  R.  C.  oUt). 

34.  TETiJADRACini,  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  a helmeti'd  head;  Reverse,  a 
winged  female  standing,  the  right  hand  elevated,  the  left  holding  an  animal  by 
the  head.  R.  C.  oUU. 

35.  Tetradracmm,  of  Agrigentum,  one  of  the  most  iiowerful  and  celebra- 
ted of  the  Greek  cities  in  Sicily.  Obvei'se,  an  eagle;  Revei'se,  a crab,  and  hel- 
meted  head  beneath  it.  R.  C.  500. 

30.  Bronze  coin  of  Agrigentum.  Obverse,  an  eagle  devouring  a hare;  Re- 
verse, a crab  with  animalcule  above  and  sea-i)lant  beneath.  Three  globule.s 
around  the  border  and  one  on  the  crab.  R.  C.  500. 

37.  Bronze  coin  of  Syr’acuse.  Obverse,  a laureated  and  bearded  head  of  Zeus; 
Reverse,  Iliero  1,  driving  a fpiadriga,  and  holdmg  a branch  in  his  left  hand. 
B.  C.  470. 

3S.  Bronze  coin  of  Syracrrse.  Obverse,  Head  of  Gelon,  the  hair  confined  with 
a fillet;  Reverse,  a lion  walking  towards  the  observer's  right;  club  of  Hercules; 
lamp  beneatli.  R.  C.  480. 

39.  Bronze  coin  of  Agrigentum.  Obverse,  a bearded  and  laureated  head; 
Reverse,  an  eagle  standing  with  extended  wings,  a cornucopia  in  front  and  star 
over  the  left  wing.  R.  C.  500. 

40.  Bronze  coin  of  Agrigentum.  Obverse,  a bearded  head;  Reverse,  a ser- 
lient  coiled  round  a stalf,  dividing  the  legend.  B.  C.  500. 

41.  Didracii.m,  of  Cephala'diuni,  a town  in  Sicily.  Obvei'se,  Head  of  Ceres; 
Reverse,  a shepherd  with  tliyr.-'US  in  liis  left  hand,  standing  witli  left  foot  resting 
on  a hound  and  his  rigid  leg  touching  a second  dog.  About,  B.  C.  400. 

42.  Bronze  coin  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  bearded  and  laureated  head  of  Posi- 
dou;  Reverse,  an  ornamented  trident,  with  dolphin  on  either  side.  B.  C.  480. 

43.  Bronze  coin  of  Emixuiae.  a city  of  Ilisiiania.  Obvei'se,  a head  with 

I).  1).  stamped  on  the  helmet;  Revei-se,  a pegasius,  staniiH'd  1).  Ik,  running. 

About  R.  C.  400. 

14.  Bronze  coin  of  TIimera,  a city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  Head  of  Pallas; 

Reverse,  female  standing  with  Ivre  in  left  hand  and  wreath  in  right.  About 

B.  C.  400. 

45.  A silver  coin  of  Leontini,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  head  of  a lion,  with 
open  mouth,  surrounded  liy  four  grains  of  wheat;  Revei-se,  a biga,  with  Mice 
crowning  the  horses. 

40.  Bronz.e  coin  of  Leontini.  Obvei'se,  a female  bend,  elegantly  omaniented 
with  a head  dre.ss;  Revei-se,  a lion  walking  past  a palm  tree.  About  B.  C. 
450. 

47.  Bronze  coin  of  Enna,  a city  in  the  centre  of  Sicily.  Obvei-se,  a pair  of 
seriKUits  harnessed  to  a iilow;  Revei'se,  a man  standing  and  holding  a long  stall 
111  his  left  hand,  B.  C.  450. 

48.  Bronze  coin  of  Tanromenium.  Obverse,  a young  head  of  .\pollo;  Re- 
vei'se, a bull  butting.  Tauromenium  was  a city  on  tlie  ea.st  coast  of  Sicily. 
About  300  R.  C. 

49.  Bronze  coin  of  ^fendenum.  Obverse,  a bead  of  .Vpollo,  laureated.  Re- 
vei'se, Ae.s<'ulopius  standing  uiHin  a sei'iH-nt  and  holding  something  in  his  right 
hand.  R.  C.  300. 


27 


470 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

r.O.  T?ronze  coin  of  Gela.  an  important  towm  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  a female 
crowning  ai  minotanr;  Kevei'se,  Ibgai  and  >«’ice  with  wreaitli.  About  It.  C. 
500. 

51.  Bronze  coin  of  Arg>Tina,  a city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  an  eagle  standing  by 
a bnincli  of  fruit;  Kevei'se.  ai  cross  paitonce,  having  in  eaicli  of  the  angle.s  two 
lettei-s  of  the  city.  B.  C.  300. 

5'2.  Bronze  coin  of  Oenidaie,  a town  in  Acamania.  Obverse,  heard  of  Zens; 
Kevei'se,  lieaid  of  the  ininotonr;  this  faibled  monster  typifying  the  river  Acheloiis 
upon  the  baink  of  which  tlie  town  was  built.  B.  C.  400. 

53.  A silyer  coin  of  Segesta,  a city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  a female  head,  the 
hair  contined  with  a fillet  or  band;  Kevei'se.  a dog  st;enting  the  ground.  B.  C. 
450. 

54.  Bronze  coin  of  Menaennm,  an  inland  city  of  Sicily.  Obvei'se,  a lanreated, 
juvenile  heaid;  two  fishes  in  front  thereof;  Revei's<\  Ares  advancing,  witli 
si>eair  in  rigid  hand,  shield  and  cloak  in  the  left.  B.  C.  300. 

55.  Tei'KADRACHM,  of  Segestai.  Obvei'se,  a male  head;  Kevei'se,  a dog 
wadking  paist  three  heauls  of  wheat  wliich  .stand  side  by  side.  B.  C.  450. 

.50.  Bronze  coin  of  IIalae.sae.  Obverse,  a lauireated  heaul  of  Apollo;  Kevei'se, 
ai  man  staiiuling,  in  his  right  haind  am  ornainient;  behind  him  is  a lyre  and  in  front 
ai  musical  instrument — all  emblems  of  x\i>ollo.  B.  C.  300. 

57.  Tetradraciim,  of  Xaxos,  an  ancient  city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  laureatt'd, 
juvenile  heaul,  laurel  leaif  behind  it;  Kevei'se,  Silenus  seated,  with  cup  in  his  left 
hauid.  a thyrsus  in  the  right  hand,  behind,  am  ivy  branch,  aiul  in  front  a statue 
of  Priapus.  B.  C.  450. 

SP'.  Tetradraciim,  of  Xaxos.  Obverse,  bearded  bead  of  T)ionysus.  fillet 
with  ivy  leaves;  Kevei'se,  Silenus  .suited,  w ith  wine  cu]),  thyi-sus  and  ivy,  similar 
to  Xo,  00.  B.  C.  450. 

.50.  Bronze  coin  of  IMorgantia,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  a fine  head  of  Pad- 
lais,  helmeted  and  oinamented;  Kevei'se,  a lion  standing,  with  a sei'iieut  below. 
B.  C.  450. 

00.  Tetradraciim,  of  Xaxos.  Obverse,  bearded  old  head,  sunnounted  by 
two  horns;  Kevei-st*,  a bunch  of  graiies  hanging  btdween  two  leaives.  B.  t'. 
4.50. 

01.  Tktradrachm,  of  Selinus,  an  important  GreeK  colony  in  Sicily.  Oli- 
vei-se,  a pau-slcy  leaf  in  a sunken  scpiare,  the  lettei-s  1-7.  I..  I.  in  the  angles; 
Keverse,  a parsley  leaf  inverted.  B.  C.  550. 

G'2.  Bronze  coin  of  Tyndiiris,  a city  on  the  north  coa.st  of  Sicily.  Obvem*, 
llciidof  Demeter;  Kevei'se,  Caistor  and  Pollux  on  hoi-sebiick,  galloping.  B.  C. 
4J0. 

0.3.  Silver  coin  of  Abacremim,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obvei-st',  a lK‘arded  head.  Re- 
vei'se,  the  Eryuuuithian  boar,  with  erect  bristles.  B.  C.  550. 

04.  Tetradraciim,  of  Selinns.  Obverse,  a nude  male  standing,  holding  an 
offering  in  the  right  hand  and  a thyi-sus  in  the  left,  a parsley  leaf  behiiul,  a cock 
in  a cage,  and  a bull  iH-hind;  Kevei'se,  two  iiei-sons  in  a biga,  one  with  bow  and 
arrow,  the  other  driving,  B.  C.  5.50. 

05.  Sih-er  coin  of  Camarina.  Obverse,  a female  head,  much  decorated  and 
with  a fish  on  either  side;  Kevcr.se  Beda  seated  on  a swan,  a fish  below,  etc, 
B.  C.  500. 

00.  Tetradracdm,  of  Camarina,  a Greek  city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  head  of 
Hercules  in  a lion’s  skin;  Kevei'se,  Ares  driving  a (piadriga,  Xice  Hying  aliove, 
a swan  Hying  below.  B.  C.  500, 

07.  Bronze  coin  of  Centoripa.  Obverse,  bearded  and  lanreated  head  of  Zeus; 
Kevei'se,  a thunderbolt  dividuig  the  legend.  B.  C.  500. 


471 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


I 

V 


472 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

G8.  Bronze  coin  of  Cossura,  a small  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  half  way 
between  Sicily  and  Africa.  Obvei'se,  a female  head,  crowned,  Eros  decorating 
the  front;  lleverse,  I’hcenician  legend  enclosed  with  a laurel  wreath.  B.  C.  oOO. 

GO.  Bronze  coin  of  Aetna,  a city  in  Sicily  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  of  same 
name.  Ohvei-se,  head  of  Ihicebus  Ai>ollo,  with  radiated  crown;  Bevei-se,  Ares 
standing,  with  spear  and  shield.  B.  C.  oOU. 

70.  Bronze  coin  of  Toeta,  a town  in  the  interior  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  head  of 
Zeus ; lleverse,  a .soldier,  standing,  right  hand  extended,  left  holding  a club. 
B.  C.  4o0. 

71.  Bronze  coin  of  Melita,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Obverse, 
head  of  Ceres;  lleverse,  an  ornamented  tripod  dividing  the  legend.  B.  C.  400. 

72.  TKTUAmtACiiM,  of  Gelon,  tyrant  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  head  of  the 
tyrant,  hair  conliued  with  a ILllet;  llevei-se,  a biga  driven  by  Xice.  B.  C.  480. 

73.  Bronze  coin  of  l.iparia,  a town  in  the  island  of  the  same  name.  Obverse, 
llaphopst us  .seated  on  tripod,  holding  in  his  extended  left  hand  a cautharus,  in 
the  right  a malleus;  llevei'se,  six  globules  surrounded  by  the  legend.  B.  C.  ooO. 

74.  Gold  coin  of  Pyrrhus.  Obverse,  head  of  Palla.s,  the  letter  A.  lielow; 
lleveise,  A' ice  laying  a wreath  on  an  altar.  B.  C.  280. 

7o.  Bronze  coin  of  Galacte,  a city  on  the  north  coast  of  Sicily.  Obvei’se,  head 
of  AiHillo;  llevei’se,  his  lyre  dividing  the  legend.  B.  C.  4C0. 

7G.  Gold  Statkk  of  Pyrrhus,  King  of  Ejieirus.  Observe,  head  of  .\rtemis; 
lleverse*,  A'ice  marching,  a thunderbolt  in  the  held.  B.  (,’.  ’280. 

77.  Silver  coin  of  Agathocles,  King  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  fine  lM*ad  of  Per- 
s(*p!ione,  wreathed;  lleverse,  A'ice  crowning  a trojiliv,  a triquetra  in  the  held, 
B.  C.  300. 

78.  Tki  haurach.m  of  llieron  1 1,  King  of  Syracuse*.  Obverse,  tine  head  of 
Gelon,  lilleled;  llevei’se,  A ice  driving  a quadriga.  B.  C. ’2’20.  • 

70.  Tetuaduaciim  of  llieron  11.  Obverse,  a fine  head  of  Pallas,  lielmeted; 
Ih'verse,  a pegasus.  B.  C.  2’20. 

80.  Tetuaduaciim  of  Philistis,  supi)o.sed  queen  of  llieron.  Obverse,  a 
lM*autifiil  female  head  of  Pliilistis  veiled;  llevei’se,  Aice  driving  a quadriga. 
Legend  “Queen  Philistia.”  Bate,  B.  C.  220. 

81.  Bronze  coin  of  Panoniius.  Obverse,  a female  head,  the  hair  confined  by 
a band;  lleverse,  head  of  a liorse,  the  letter  A in  the  held,  fronting  the  neck  of 
tlie  lioi’se.  B.  C.  oOO. 

82.  Bronze  coin  of  Panonnus,  an  important  city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  an  old 
male  liead,  beardeu  and  laureated;  Bevel’S!*,  a hoi’se  running,  three  globules  in 
the  held.  B.  C.  oOO. 

83.  Bronze  coin  of  Pynlius.  Obverse,  a handsome  female  head,  veih*d,  a tri- 
dent behind,  llevei’se,  a thunderbolt  dividing  the  legend.  B.  C.  280. 

84.  Bronze  coin  of  Panornius.  Obverse,  a tun’eted  head  of  Tlliea;  lleverse,  a 
hoi’se’s  head  in  front  of  a palm  tree.  B.  C.  oOO. 

8.).  Silver  coin  of  Syracuse.  Obverse,  head  of  Arelhiisa*,  surrounded  by  dol- 
pliins;  llevem*,  a man  driving  a (piailriga,  Nice  crowning  tlie  hom’-s.  B.  0. 
oOO. 

8G.  Bronze  coin  of  Syracu.se.  Obvei’se,  head  of  Perseiihone;  Beverse,  man 
ilriving  a biga,  llie  letter  niyma  below,  a sun  above.  B.  C.  500. 

87.  Bronze  coin  of  the  city  of  Catana,  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  two  lH*arded  head, 
jugata;  llevei’se,  a nude  man  standing,  dividing  tlie  legend.  B.  C.  480. 

88.  Bronze  coin  of  Gela.  Obverse,  a head  with  the  hair  erect,  a grain  of 
wheat  near  tlie  border.  Indications  of  the  fertility  of  the  region;  llevei’se  a 
bull.  In  the  exergue,  lhri“e  globuh  s.  B.  550. 


I 


474 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

S9.  Bronze  coin  of  Affiigentuni,  Olivei’se,  an  ea^le  witli  expanded  wings, 
tlevounng  a liare;  Reverse,  a c-rab,  with  two  globnles  al)ov(“,  and  a marine  lioi's** 
Ihj’.ow.  B.  C.  ooU. 

90.  Bronze  coin  of  Messana,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  a hare,  running;  Be- 
vei-se,  an  octopus.  B.  C.  oUO. 

91.  Bronz.e  coin  of  Solus,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obvei'se,  head  of  Hercules  in  lion's 
skin;  Reversi',  a sipiill  with  three  globules  on  and  three  globules  under  it.  Punic 
inscription  below.  B.  C.  oUU. 

92.  Bronze  coin  of  Ilybla,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  a head,  with  bust  dra]ie<l. 
a bee  beliind  it;  Revei-se,  Dionysus  standing,  with  thyi-sus  and  canthorus,  a pan- 
ther erect  Ixifore  him.  B.  C.  oUO. 

9.'!.  Bronze  coin  of  Megara,  a city  in  Sicily.  Obverse,  head  of  Apollo,  laure- 
ated;  Revei'se,  the  tiipod  of  Apollo,  dividing  the  legend.  B.  C.  oOU. 

94.  Bronze,  coin  of  Paropi,  a city  of  Sicily.  Obverse,  fine  head  of  Persephone; 
Revei’se,  a wreath  of  leaves  and  liowers.  B.  C.  oOO. 

9o.  Bronze  coin  of  Ganlos,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  the  present 
Gozzo.  Obvei-se,  a hehneted  head  in  a crescent,  two  globules  behind  it;  Reverse, 
a soldier  standing  with  sword  aiul  buckler,  a sun  in  front.  B.  C.  oOO. 

96.  Bronze  coin  of  Caena,  a town  in  Sicilv.  Obverse,  head  of  Pallas,  two 
globules  above;  Revei’se,  Xice  running  with  a crown  in  her  right  and  a tropliy  in 
her  left  hand.  B.  C.  oOO. 

97.  DiDRACiTMof  Terina,  a city  of  Bruttinm.  Obverse,  a fine  female  head, 
the  neck  ornamented  with  a string  of  jiearls;  Revei’se,  Xice  seated,  holding  on 
tlie  back  of  her  right  hand  a bird  with  extended  wings.  B.  C.  500. 

98.  Tetkadrachm  of  Oluntinm,  a city  in  Crete.  Obverse,  head  of  Diana; 
Revei’se,  Zens  seated  with  basta  and  holding  an  eagle  in  his  hand.  B.  C.  500. 

99.  Bronze  coin  of  Cyziens,  a city  on  the'  Propontis  in  Mysia,  Obverse,  a 
female  head,  the  hair  bound  by  a stalk  of  wheat,  and  three  wheat  eai’s  around  it; 
Revei’se,  a caduceses  surrouiitled  by  a w reath.  B.  C.  500. 

100.  Silver  coin  of  ITeraclea,  a city  in  Tmcania.  Obverse,  head  of  Pallas  in 
armor;  Revei’se,  Hercules  strangling  a lion,  his  bow  and  club  in  the  field.  B.  C. 
.500. 

101.  Bronze  coin  of  Elenthema.  a town  of  great  importance  in  Ci’ete.  Ob- 
vei’se,  hea<l  of  Apollo,  lanreated;  Reverse,  Ajioilo  seated  on  a lyre,  holding  in  his 
right  hand  a glolie.  B.  C.  .500. 

10’2.  Tetradraciiji  of  Alexander  The  Great.  Obverse,  head  of  Hercules, 
with  lion’s  skin  over  it;  Reveu’se,  Zens  seated  with  hasta  and  an  eagle  standing 
in  his  right  hand.  B.  C.  520. 

lO.'l.  Gold  Stater  of  Alexander  III,  The  Great;  who  diiMl  B.  C.  .“12.3.  Ob- 
versi',  head  of  Pallas;  Revei’se,  Xice  hoKling  a trident  and  a crown  for  the 
victor;  in  tlie  field  a eadnceu.s. 

104.  Gold  Stater  of  Philip  II,  King  of  Macedonia,  who  died  B.  C.  .■156. 
Obvei’se,  head  of  Apollo;  Reverse,  the  king  driving  a biga. 

10.5.  Gold  Stater  of  Lysimochu.s,  King  of  Thrace,  who  diinl  B.  C.  ’2S1. 
Obvei’se,  head  of  the  king  in  the  character  of  the  Annnonian  .Inpiter;  Reverse, 
Pallas  holding  Nice  in  her  ouUstretched  hand, 

106.  Tetradrac’IIM  of  Lysimachas.  This  coin  hem’s  emblems  and  inscri])- 
tions  similar  to  lho.se  on  the  gold  slater  Xo.  118. 

107.  Gold  Stater  of  Sidencns,  King  of  Syria,  who  dieil  B.  C.  280.  Obverse, 
head  of  the  king  in  the  character  of  Aindlo;  Itevei’se,  Apollo  standing  with  a Ixiw 
in  his  left  hand  and  an  lU’iuw  in  the  right. 


47«> 


• ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


476 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 

108.  Gold  Stater  of  Ptoloiny,  Soter,  Kintj  of  Efrypt,  wlio  died  B.  C.  2S3. 
OOverse,  head  of  king;  llovci-se;  Jupiter  cli-iviug  a (luadiiga of  elephants. 

100.  Tetradraciim  of  Ptolemy,  Soter.  Obverse,  head  of  the  king;  Beverse, 
an  eagle  standing  on  a fiilinen,  or  thunderbolt.  13.  C.  285.  ’ 

110.  Tetradraciim  of  Maeedonia.  Obverse,  head  of  Artemis  surrounded 
by  .Macedonian  .shields;  Beverse,  club  of  llercvdes  dividing  the  legend.  Indh 
encircled  by  a wreath.  About  13.  C.  400. 

111.  Bronze  coin  of  Seleucus  TV,  King  of  S>Tia,  who  died  B.  C 175.  Obverse, 
head  of  the  king,  the  hair  confined  with  a lillet;  Beverse,  prow  and  fore  part  of 
a ship,  diviiling  the  legend. 

112.  Bronze  coin  of  Tigranes,  King  of  Armenia,  who  died  B.  C.  00.  Obverse, 
head  of  the  king  wearing  a tiara;  Beverse,  a female  .seated,  holding  a cornucopia 
in  one  hand  and  a wreath  in  the  other. 

113.  Tetradracdm  of  IMithridates  VT,  King  of  Pontus,  who  died  B.  C. 
63.  Obverse,  head  of  the  king;  Bevei’se,  a jiegasus  dividing  the  legend,  and 
surrounded  with  a wreath. 

114.  Tetradrachm  of  Antiochus  T,  who  died  B.  C.  210.  Obverse,  his  head; 
Bevei-se,  Apollo  seated  on  a Cortina,  holding  in  one  hand  a bow  and  in  the  other 
an  arrow. 

115.  Tetradr.aciim  of  .\ntiochus  IV,  King  of  Syria,  who  died  B.  C.  104. 
Obversi^,  portrait  of  the  king;  Beverse,  an  eagle  standing  on  a fulinen,  dividing 
the  legend. 

116.  Tetradrachm  of  Sdeucus  VI,  sirniamc'd  Eiiiphanes,  who  died  B.  C. 
04.  Obverse,  his  iMU  trait;  Beverse,  Pallas  with  spear  in  one  hand  and  Xice  in 
the  other. 

117.  Tetradr.\cii.m  of  Alexander  I ( Balas),  B.  C.  1.52-144,  struck  at  Tyre; 
date,  year  103  of  Seleucid  Era,  13.  C.  140.  Obvei-sc-,  portrait;  Beverst^,  Eagle 
with  club  of  Hercules  in  front. 

118.  Bronze  coin  of  Ptolemy  II.  surnamed  Euergete.s,  King  of  Egyjit,  who 
died  15.  C.  222.  Obverse,  head  of  Jupiter  Ammon;  Bever.se,  an  eagle  on  a ful- 
men — the  Ptolemaic  emblem. 

119.  Tetradrachm  of  Philetienis,  founder  of  the  Kingdom  of  Pergamus, 
who  died  B.  C.  203.  Obverst*,  head  of  the  king;  Beverse,  Pallas  seated,  offering 
a wreath,  in  the  field  a sword. 

120.  Tetradrachm  of  Ptolemy  X,  surnamed  Eniidianes,  King  of  Egypt, 
who  died  B.  C.  181.  Obverse,  head  of  the  king;  Bevei'se,  Eagle  on  fuhnen. 

121.  Tetradrachm  of  Ptolemy  I'll,  Euergetes  II,  known  as  Phy.scon,  who 
died  B.  C.  117.  Obverse,  head  of  the  king;  Bevei'se,  Eagle  on  fuluien. 

1'2'2.  Bronze  coin  of  Berenice,  wife  of  one  of  the  Ptolemys  of  Eg\i)t.  Ob- 
verse, head  of  the  (pieen,  with  covering  extending  over  the  bust;  Beverse,  a 
cornucoi)iai  surrouniled  by  the  legend. 

1'23.  Tetradrachm  of  Xicomedes  ITT,  Philopator,  King  of  Bithynia,  diinl 
B.  C.  74.  Obverse,  head  of  the  king;  Bevei'se,  Zeus  discharging  a thunderbolt 
from  his  left  hand  and  holding  basta  hi  his  right. 

124.  Gold  Stater  of  Phamaces,  King  of  Pontus,  who  died  about  B.  C,  170. 
Obverse,  hea<l  of  the  king;  Beverst*,  Apollo  seated,  a lyre  behind  and  a triiKid  in 
front  of  him. 

125.  Gold  Stater  of  Gyrene,  a city  of  great  importance  in  northern  Africa. 
Obverse,  Nice  driving  a (luadriga;  Beverse,Zeus standing  with  hasta  and  holding 
a patera  over  an  altar.  B.  C.  500. 


477 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


70 


478 


I 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


4 

J 


471) 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


4«1 


ANCIENT  GREEK  COINS. 


30 


HISTORICAL  COIN  ATLAS  OF  THE  ROMAN  EMPIRE, 

Pieces  of  all  Emperors,  Empresses,  Tyrants  and  Kings, 

From  Julius  CiusAK  B.  C.  70,  to  tiik  ICxtinctiom  of  the  Westerx 

Empire,  A.  D.  47G. 


I.  CsBSar,  CaiuS  Julius,  born  B.  C.  100.  Made  Perpetual  Dictator 
B.  C.  44.  Murdered  by  Pompey  and  Senators,  March  loth  of  same  year. 
One  of  the  mostnoted  characters  in  history,  distinguished  by  extraordinary- 
genius  and  attainments  in  the  most  diversified  pursuits. 

2.  Augustus,  Caius  Octavius  Csepeas,  first  Emperor  of  the 
Roman  Empire  Born  B,  C.  63,  Declared  Emperor  B.  C.  29.  Died  A.  D. 

14.  Coins  represent  him  with  Julius  Ciesar,  Lepidus,  Agrippa,  Tiberius, 
Julia,  Caius  and  Julius  and  Germanicus.  A wise  and  moderate  ruler. 

3.  Tiberius,  Claudius  Nero  Ctesar,  born  B.  C.  42.  Son-in-law  of 
Augustus  Cu'sar  A.  I).  4.  Emperor  A.  D.  14.  Smothered  by  order  of  Cal- 
igula A.  D.  37.  His  reign  exhibits  every  variety  of  detestable  actions. 

4.  Drusus,  Nero  Claudius,  afterwards  Germanicus.  born  B.  C. 

15.  Cu'sar  A.  I).  4.  Poisoned  A.  D.  19.  A noble  jirince,  a grand  general, 
a good  and  brilliant  man. 

5.  Antonia,  born  B.  C.  38.  Wife  of  Drusus  Senior.  Poisoned  by  her 
grandson  Caligula  A.  D.  37.  Beautiful,  virtuous  and  unfortunate.  High 
honors  were  paid  to  her  memory. 

6.  Drusus  Caesar,  or  Junior,  son  of  Tiberius.  Born  B.  C.  13.  Poi- 
soned by  his  wife  A.  D.  32.  Consul  A.  D.  15  and  21.  Tribunica  Potentas 
A.  D.  22.  Naturally  noble  but  degraded  by  gross  jiassions, 

7.  Germanicus  Caesar,  son  of  Nero  Claudius  Drusus.  Born  B.  C.  15. 
Ciesar  A.  D.  4.  Poisoned  A.  D.  19.  A great  soldier,  a chaste,  temperate 
and  much  beloved  man  and  Consul. 

8.  Agrippina,  wiie  of  Germanicus  Ciesar.  Born  B.  C.  15.  Starved 
to  death  in  banishment  by  Tiberius  A.  1).  83.  A noble  woman. 

9.  Caius,  or  Caligula,  son  of  Germanicus  and  Agrippina.  Born 
A.  D.  12.  Emperor  A.  D.  87.  Killed  A.  D.  41.  A beast  ir)  human  form. 

10.  Claudius  I,  Drusus  Nero  Germanicus,  born  B.  C.  10.  Em- 
p-ror  A.  D.  41.  Poisoned  A.  D.  54.  Industrious  and  diligent,  but  a failure 
through  want  of  judgment  and  tact. 

II.  Nero,  originally  L Domitius  Ahenobarbus  Born  A.  D.  37. 
Younger  son  of  Cnieus  Domitius  Anenobarbus  and  Agripjiina.  His  mother 
afterwards  married  her  uncle,  Emjieror  Claudius,  who  ado])ted  Nero  and 
changed  his  name  to  Claudius  Ciesar  Drusus  Germanicus.  Emperor  A.  D. 
54.  Killed  himself  A.  D.  68.  A monster,  probably  the  vilest  character  in 
history. 

12.  Galba  Ser.  Sulpicus,  born  B.  C.  ,3.  Emperor  A.  D.  68.  Killed 
by  bis  soldiers  A.  D.  69.  A man  of  excellent  qualities,  but  over  severe  and 
avaricious. 

149 


t 


48'3 


Pieces  of  all  Emperors,  Empresses,  Tyrants  and  Kings. 

v¥ " W w\ 

■T  H oitra  f;:?  p^v^cTLfifk 


|KK,(7.IV 

ctRir- 


0 /y.iS 

tftnncunrLonciuii^  - / w; 


fsr- 

'tpiORL' 


/^DIVO  O 
'AVGVJTO 


yjA.v 


M3'NIC  fP 


^WCANiy 


/'a  *•  * 


rvti.L  r 


481 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

13.  0th O.  M.  Salvius,  horn  A.  D.  32.  Emperor  A.  D.  69.  Being 
conquered  by  Vitellius,  he  killed  himself  the  same  year.  A companion  of 
Nero,  he  imitated  all  the  vices  of  that  tyrant. 

14.  Vitellius  Aulus,  born  .\.  D.  15.  Emperor  A D.  69.  Killed  by 
Vespasianus’  soldiers  the  same  year.  He  had  a little  le.irning,  but  great 
talent  for  eating,  drinking,  debts  and  debaucheries. 

15.  Vespasianus  T.  Flavius  Sabinus,  bore  A.  D.  9.  Emperor  69, 
Died  79.  By  birth  of  mean  condition,  he  rose  by  merit  as  a .soldier  and 
statesman.  He  was  frugal,  temperate  and  amial)lc,  but  too  avaricous. 

16.  Domitilla,  Plavia,  the  first  wife  of  Veapasianus.  She  died  before 
lier  husband  became  Em2)cror,  and  the  coins  bearing  her  j)ortrait  were 
struck  after  her  death. 

17.  Titus,  Flavius  Sabinius  Vespasianus,  born  A.  D.  40,  son  of 
Emperor  Vespasianus  and  Domitilla  Flavia.  Emperor  A.  1).  79.  Died 
A.  D.  81.  A brave  general,  a man  of  learning  and  a ruler  of  peculiar 
excellence. 

18.  Julia,  daughter  of  Titus.  Little  record  and  that  not  good. 

19.  Domitianus  T.  Flavius  Domitianus  Augustus,  born  A.  D. 
62.  Emperor  A.  1).  81.  Assassinated  A.  D.  96.  One  of  the  most  cruel 
tyrants  that  ever  disgraced  a throne 

2C.  Domitia  Longina,  the  wife  of  Domitianus,  whose  record  as  a 
woman  equals  her  worthless  husband’s,  whose  assassins  she  urged  on  to  their 
murderous  work. 

21.  Nerva  M.  Cocceius,  born  A.  D.  32.  Emperor  D.  96.  Died 
A.  D.  98.  A noble  character  of  strong  will  and  great  administrative  jwwer. 
He  received  the  honor  of  deification. 

22.  TrajanuS  M.  Ulpius,  born  A.  D.  52.  Cajsar  and  Emperor  with 
Nerva  A.  D.  97.  Sole  Emperor  A.  D.  98.  Died  A.  D.  117.  One  of  the 
most  distinguished  of  Roman  rulers. 

23.  Plotina.  Pompeia,  died  A.  D.  129.  Wife  of  Trajan.  A woman 
justly  honored  for  her  extraordinary  merits  and  high  character. 

24.  Marciana,  died  A.  D.  115.  Sister  of  Trajan.  Remarkable  for  her 
virtues  and  talents.  After  her  death  she  was  enrolled  among  the  gods. 

25.  Matidia,  daughter  of  Marciana.  Honored  in  her  life-time,  deified 
after  her  death,  whicli  occurred  in  the  reign  of  Antonins. 

26.  Hadrianus.  P.  Aelius,  born  A.  D.  76.  Adopted  by  Trajan  and 
his  son-in-law.  Trajan  adopted  him  A.  D.  117  and  he  was  declared  Empe- 
ror the  same  year.  Died  A.  1).  138.  A good  ruler  and  successful  soldier 
whose  virtues  overbalanced  many  defects  in  his  character. 

27.  Sabina,  wife  of  Hadrian,  honored  in  life  and  death,  but  unhappy 
in  her  matrimonial  relations.  She  committed  suicide  about  A.  D.  137. 

28.  .ffilius,  adopted  by  Hadrian  about  A.  I).  136,  with  the  name  of 
Ca'sar.  Died  A.  D.  138. 

29.  Antonius,  Pius,  in  early  life  Titus  Aurelius  Fulvus  Boionius 
Arrius  Antonius.  Born  A.  1).  86.  Adopted  by  Hadrian  and  declared  Ein- 
peror,  A.  D.  138.  Died  A.  D.  161.  A most  exalted  and  wise  character  in 
private  and  public  life. 


48o 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

30.  Faustina,  Senior,  Annia  Galeria.  Bom  A.  D.  105.  Died 
A.  D.  141.  She  was  in  every  way  unworthy  oHier  great  liusband,  but  not- 
withstanding the  utter  profligacy  of  her  life,  lie  loaded  her  with  honors 
before  and  after  her  death. 

31.  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus,  Bom  A.  D.  121.  Adopted  by 
and  son-in-law  of  Antonius  Pius,  Emperor  A.  1).  IGl.  Died  A.  D.  ISO.  A 
wise,  learned  and  just  man.  Commonly  distinguished  as  “ the  Philosopher.” 

32.  Faustina,  Junior,  Annia,  daughter  of  Faustina,  Senior,  and 
as  thoroughly  abandoned  to  ill  deeds  as  was  her  mother.  She  was  married 
A.  D.  145  or  14G  to  Marcus  Aurelius,  who  either  through  good  nature  or 
blindness,  ignored  her  vile  acts,  cherished  her  living  and  honored  her  after 
death  in  175. 

33.  Verus.  Lucius  Aurelius,  Born  A.  D.  130.  Son  of  .Elius  Cicsar, 

son-in-law  of  Marcus  Aurelius  and  as.sociated  with  him  in  the  emjiire  A.  D. 
IGl  — 1G9.  1 1 is  original  name  was  L.  Ceionius  Commochis.  Died  by  poison, 

A.  D.  169.  During  his  life  he  shared  the  honors  worthil}’’  of  Marcus  Au- 
relius. 

34.  Commodus,  L.  Aurelius.  Bom  .\.  I).  161,  son  of  Marcus  Aure- 
lius and  Faustina,  Jr.  Named  Ciesar  A.  1).  IGG.  A.ssociatedin  empire  A.  D. 
17G.  Named  Augustus  177,  sole  emperor  180.  Died  from  strangulation  and 
poison  192.  A miserable  man  and  ruler,  cruel,  corrupt  and  dissolute. 

'35.  Crispina,  wife  of  Commodus,  unfaithful,  divorced,  banished  to 
Capreae  and  put  to  death. 

36.  Pertinax,  Helvius.  Bom  A.  D.  126,  Em])eror  A.  I).  193.  Assas- 
sinated after  a reign  of  87  days  in  consequence  of  his  firmness  in  insisting 
upon  reforms  in  the  army  and  State. 

37.  Julianus,  M Didius  Salvius,  afterwards  M.  Didius  Commo- 
dus Sevcrus  Julianus.  BornA.  D.  133,  Declared  Emperor  A.  I).  198.  Assas- 
inated  after  reigning  66  days.  A good  soldier,  but  unscrupulous  and  am- 
bitious. lie  bought  the  sujireme  power  by  promises  of  money  to  the 
soldiers. 

;iS.  Clara,  Didia,  daughter  of  Julianus.  Born  A.  D.  153;  only  known 
through  her  elligy,  or  rare  occasional  coins. 

39.  Niger,  C.  Pescennius.  Declared  Emperor  by  the  army  in  Syria, 
A.  I).  193.  A good  soldier,  no  statesman,  he  could  not  secure  the  i)owcr  ; 
was  put  to  death  as  a rebel  A.  D.  194. 

4t).  Severus,  L.  Septimus.  Bom  A.  D.  146,  Emperor  193.  Master 
of  the  whole  Empire  197  ; died  211.  An  admirable  general  and  reformer, 
but  cold  and  ungenerous. 

41.  Domna,  Julia,  wife  of  Septimus  Severus.  A woman  of  janverlul 
intellect  and  vast  ambition.  Starved  henself  to  death  A.  1).  217,  ujion  loss 
of  power. 

42.  Albinus.  Clodius,  or  Decimus  Clodius  Ceionius  Septimus.  Born 
in  Africa;  named  Ciesar  by  Sejitimus  Severus  A.  I).  193,  rebelled  and  took 
title  of  Emperor  of  Britain  and  Gaul  196;  defeateil  and  killed  by  Septimus 
Severus  lt)7.  A great  general  and  man  of  some  learning. 


4S7 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


c. 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

43.  Caracalla  or  Caracallus,  also  Bassianus,  and  when  adopted  by 
Severus,  called  d/.  Aurelius  Antonimis  wdiich  last  name  he  retiiined  ever 
after.  Born  A.  B.  188.  Named  Ca'sar  190;  Autrustus  198;  Emperor  with 
his  hrotlicr  Geta  211  ; sole  Emperor  212.  Assassinated  217.  A bold,  bad 
man  whose  life  is  stained  with  all  crimes. 

44.  Plautilla,  Fulvia.  Married  to  Caracalla  A.  D.  202  ; soon  banished, 
left  destitute  and  finally  murdered  by  order  other  husband. 

45.  Geta,  L or  p.  Septimus.  Born  A.  D.  189.  Brother  of  Caracalla. 
Named  Cicsar  198;  Augustus  209.  Emperor  with  Caracalla  211  and  assas- 
sinated by  him,  while  in  the  arms  of  his  mother,  A.  B.  212.  A far  better 
character  than  his  murderer  though  with  many  vices, 

40.  Macrlnus  M.  Opelius  (or  Opilius)  Macrinus.  Born  A.  B. 
104.  Proclaimed  Emperor  218.  Killed  219.  A haughty,  blood-thirsty, 
inhumanly  cruel  coward.  He  was  the  instigator.of  the  murder  of  Caracalla. 

47.  Diadumenianus  or  Diadumenus  M.  Opelius,  son  of  Mac- 
rinus.  Born  A.  I),  208.  Named  Ca'sar  and  Augustus  217.  Killed  218. 
Celebrated  for  his  remarkable  beauty. 

48.  Flagabalus,  Originall}’^  called  Varius  Avitus  Bassianus,  and  after- 
wards Marcus  Aurelius  Antonius.  Bom  A.  B.  205;  declared  Em- 
])cror  218.  Killed  222.  A glutton  and  all  that  was  bestial,  his  name  has 
passed  into  a proverb. 

49.  Paula,  Julia  Cornelia.  Married  to  Elagabalus  A.  B.  219,  di- 
Torced  the  next  year.  Died  in  j)rivate  life. 

50.  Maesa  Julia,  grandmotherof  Elagabalus  and  Alexander  Sevcru.'i. 
One  of  the  most  able  and  strong  minded  women  of  history  ; ambitious  and 
unscrupulous  but  wise  and  i)olite. 

51.  Julia  Soaemias,  mother  of  Elagabalus.  Killed  A.  B.  222.  She 
was  the  first  woman  who  took  a j)lace  in  the  Roman  Senate.  Her  life  was 
not  pure  and  her  body  was  subjected  to  every  indignity  after  death. 

52.  ]\Tama''‘a,  Julia,  mother  of  Alexander  Severus.  A woman  of 
strong  character,  devoted  to  her  son.  Her  advice  caused  the  revolt  in  the 
army,  A.  1).  235,  in  which  both  mother  and  son  were  killed. 

53.  Severus,  M.  Aurelius  Alexander,  usually  called  Alexander 
Severus.  Born  A.  B.  205.  Killed  235.  A brave  soldier,  a pure,  just  man, 
hut  too  much  under  control  of  his  mother. 

54.  Orbiana.  Sallustia  Barbia,  one  of  the  three  wives  of  Alex- 
ander Severus.  Known  only  through  efiigies  on  coins. 

55.  Maximinus  I.,  C.  Julius,  Verus.  Born  A.  B.  173,  of  low 
parentage.  Of  immense  strength  ami  gigantic  stature,  (over  8 feet).  He 
became  conspicuous  in  the  army  and  rose  to  he  Emperor  A.  B.  235.  He 
was  assassinated  with  his  son,  238.  A brute  in  every  respect. 

56.  Maximus  Caesar,  C.  Julius  Verus,  son  of  Maximinus,  shared 
in  a lesser  degree,  the  honors  gained  by  his  father,  and  was  murdered  with 
him  A.  B.  2^38.  A j)romising  young  man. 

57.  Gordianus  I,  M Antonius,  surnamed  Africanus.  Bom 
A.  B.  158.  Proclaimed  Emperor  in  Africa  238,  and  was  acknowledged  by 
the  Senate,  hut  unable  to  quell  a revolt,  he  killed  himself  after  a reign  of 
about  forty  days. 


¥ 


4?5D 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

■ 58.  Gordianus  Africanus  II,  eldest  son  of  G.  A.  I.  Bom  A.  T).  102. 
Associated  witli  Ins  fatlier  in  tlie  ))urj)lc  and  perished  in  battle  against  the 
rebels  on  the  same  day.  Both  father  and  son  hear  noble  characters  in 
history. 

50.  Pupienus  Maximus,  Marcus  Clodius.  Born  A.  D.  104. 
Made  Emperor  with  Balbinus  208.  Killed  three  months  alter. 

GO.  Balbinus.  Decitnus  Ca'‘lius-  BornA.  D.  178.  Associate  Em- 
peror with  Pui)ieniis.  238.  An  excellent  combination  of  an  able  general  and 
sagacious  statesman.  He  and  his  brother  ruler  perished  hy  assassination 
three  months  alter  their  elevation  to  supreme  jmwer. 

61.  Gerdianus  III,  M.  Antonius,  grand.>-on  of  G.  A.  I.  Born  A.  D. 
222.  Proclaimed  Augustus  238.  Assassinated  244.  An  amiable  young 
man,  deservedly  well  beloved. 

02.  Tranquillina,  Sabnia,  or  Sabnia,  Furia,  wife  of  Gordianus  III 
and  daughter  of  Misitheus.  No  record. 

03.  Philippus  I.,  M.  Julius.  Born  A.  D.  204.  Emperor  214.  Killed 
241).  A successlul  warrior  and  ruler.  By  some  authors,  claimed  to  have 
been  a Christian. 

04.  Otacilia  Severa.  Marcia,  wife  of  Philippus  I.  Believed  by 
many  ancient  writers  to  have  been  a Christian. 

05.  Philippus  II..  M.  Julius.  B(»rn  A.  D.  237.  Ca?sar  244.  Asso- 
ciated with  his  lather  as  Augustus,  247,  and  killed  with  him  when  but 
twelve  years  of  age. 

07.  Decius,  C.  Messius  Quintus  Trajanus  Decius.  Bom  .V  D. 
201.  Em])cror  241) ; drowned  in  a bog,  251.  He  accepted  the  purple  from 
the  army  under  threats  of  death  if  he  refused. 

07.  Etruscilla,  Herennia,  wife  of  Decius.  Known  only  from  her 
coins,  • 

O.*^.  EtruSCUS,  Herennius.  son  of  Decius.  Named  Ciesar  A.  D.  249. 
Augustus  251.  Killed  in  battle  the  same  year. 

69.  Hostilianus,  son,  son-in-law  or  nephew  of  Decius  [authorities  dif- 
fer.] Asso(;iated  in  the  purple  with  Trebonianus  Gallus,  .V.  D.  2ol.  Reported 
to  have  died  the  same  year  and  also  to  have  reigned  two  years. 

70.  Gallus,  Trebonianus,  C.  Vibius.  Joint  ruler  with  Ho.stilianus. 
Killed  with  his  son,  by  his  soldiers,  A.  D.  253. 

71.  Volusianus  son  of  Gallus.  Named  Caesar  .\.  D.  2 )1.  Augustus 
252.  Killed  with  his  father. 

72.  Aemilianus,  Aemilius.  Born  A.  D.  208.  Proclaimed  Emperor 
in  Maesia,  253.  Killed  by  his  soldiers  254. 

73.  Valerianus,  P.  Licinius.  Born  A.  D.  190.  Emperor  253.  A 
great  soldier,  called  U})on  to  rule  on  account  of  his  high  merit.  He  was 
captured  hy  the  Persians  20  and  died  in  captivity  from  cruel  treatment, 
203.  After  death  his  skin  was  stutled  and  ]>reserved  as  a trophy  by  his 
enemie.s. 

74.  Mariniana;  wife,  sister  or  daughter  of  Valerianus.  Known 
only  by  her  coins. 

75.  Gallienus,  P.  Licinius  Valerianus  Egnatius;  son  of 


I 


€1^ 


rCAUlN' 


402 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

Valerianus  by  liis  first  wife.  Emperor  with  liis  father  A.  D.  253.  Assassi- 
nated 2GH.  A contemptible  character.  It  was  during  tliis  reign  that  the 
many  generals  declared  themselves  E.nperors,  and  these  gre  designated  as 
The  Thirty  Tyrants. 

76.  Salonia,  Cornelia,  Augusta,  wife  of  Gallienus,  mother  of  Sa- 
loninus. 

77.  Valerianus,  Junior,  half  brother  of  Gallienus,  and  a happy 
ojtposite  in  character.  Assassinated  A.  1).  208. 

78.  Salouinus,  P.  Licinius  Cornelius,  son  of  Gallienus.  Born 
A.  D.  242.  Ca;sar  253.  But  to  death  250. 

79.  Pcstumus,  M.  Cassianus  Latinius.  One  of  The  Thirty 
Tyrants.  Rebelled  against  Gallienus,  and  proclaimed  himself  Emperor 
in  Gaul  A.  D.  258.  lie  was  a strict  but  just  ruler  while  he  reigned. 
Killed  207. 

80.  Victorinus,  M.  Pravvonius.  One  of  the  Thirty  Tyrants,  was 
associated  with  Bostumus  in  the  purple.  A superior  general  and  sUitesman, 
but  a slave  to  his  passions.  Assassinated  A.  i).  207. 

81.  Marius,  M.  Aurelius.  Emperor  in  Gaul,  A.  D.  267.  The  fourth 
of  the  Thirty  Tyrants  who  ruled  Gaul,  liis  reign  lasting  for  forty-eight 
hours,  when  he  was  assassinated.  His  coins  must  have  been  minted  before 
he  assumed  power. 

82.  Tetricus,  c.  Pesuvius.  The  last  of  the  Thirty  Tyrants  who 
governed  in  Gaul,  where  he  was  proclaimed  Emperor,  A.  D.  207.  He 
restored  the  provinces  to  Aurelian  in  273,  by  betraying  his  army  in  battle 
to  that  ruler,  and  soon  after  retiring  to  private  life  he  died  at  a very 
advanced  age. 

-S3.  Tetricus.  C.  Pesuvius  Fivesus.  Broclaimed  Cse.sar  while  a 
child  ; son  and  successor  of  C.  Besuvius  Tetricus,  one  of  the  Tliirty  Tyrants, 
who  ruled  from  A.  D.  207,  until  comjuered  by  Aurelian,  al)Out  A.  D.  274. 

-S4.  Macrianus,  Senior.  One  of  the  Thirty  Tyrants.  A brave  sol- 
dier, defeated  and  killed  in  battle  by  Aureolus,  A.  I).  2(!2. 

85.  Macrianus,  Junior,  son  of  the  preceding.  Flourished  during 
the  latter  years  of  his  father,  shared  his  power  and  met  with  the  same  fate 

-SO.  Claudius  II , M.  Aurelius  Claudius,  Gothicus.  Born  A.  1). 
214.  Emi)eror  A.  1).  208.  Died  270.  A great  warrior,  a wise  ruler.  Ho 
endeavored  to  re-establish  honest  coinage  and  issued  money  of  copper, 
plated  or  silvered  over. 

87.  Quintillus,  M.  Aurelius.  Emperor  A.  D.  270,  reigned  but  a 
few  weeks,  when,  deserted  by  his  soldiers  he  killed  himself.  He  bears  a 
high  character  in  history. 

88.  Aurelianus,  Valerius,  or  L.  Domititus.  Born  A.  D.  270- 
Emperor  A.  I).  270.  Treacherously  killed  A.  1).  275.  A victorious  soldier 
and  able  ruler,  the  history  of  his  reign  is  most  brilliant. 

89.  Severina,  tJlpia,  wife  of  Aurelianus,  seems  to  have  been  worthy 
her  great  spouse.  Medals  and  coins  were  struck  in  her  honor,  and  prove 
that  she  survived  her  husband. 

90.  Vabalathus.  Athenodorus,  son  of  Zenobia,  Queen  of  Balmyra. 
He  was  made  Emperor  in  Syria  A.  D.  200,  and  captured  by  Aurelian  27-3. 
Certain  of  his  coins  bear  the  face  of  Aurelian  on  the  obverse. 


493 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

91.  Tacitus,  M.  Claudius.  Emperor  from  Sei>t.  A.  D.  275  to  April 
270.  A wise  ruler,  not  ambitious  of  military  glory,  but  a promoter  of  all 
peaceful  arts. 

92.  Florianus,  M Anuius.  Born  A.  D.  232.  Half-brother  of  Ta- 
citus, at  whose  death  he  assumed  supreme  ])ower.  ruling  I'rom  April  to  Juno 
or  July  207,  when  he  was  killed  either  by  the  revolting  soldiers  or  his  own 
hand. 

93.  Probus,  M.  Aurelius.  Bom  A.  D.  232.  Son  of  Maximus.  Em- 
peror from  270  to  282,  wlien  murdered.  Ilis  whole  reign  was  a series  of 
most  brilliant  achievements  in  peace  and  war. 

94.  Carus,  M.  Aurelius.  Bom  A.  1).  230.  Successor  to  Prohus. 
Reported  killed  by  lightning  283,  hut  probably  murdered.  More  success- 
ful in  war  than  peace.  Some  coins  represent  him  with  Carious  his  son. 

95.  Carinus  M.  Aurelias,  eldest  son  of  Carus.  BornA.  D.  249.  Em- 
peror 283.  Killed  284.  Successful  in  war,  a cruel,  profligate  and  wasteful 
ruler,  who  married  and  repudiated  nine  wives. 

96.  Numerianus,  M.  Aurelias,  brother  of  Carinus.  Born  A.  D.  25  f. 
C;esar  282.  Augustus  283.  Died  284.  His  father-in-law,  Arrius  Aper,  was 
killed  on  suspicion  of  murdering  him.  A wise  and  much  beloved  ruler.- 

97.  Diocletianus,  Valerius.  Born  A.  D.  245.  Emperor  284.  Adopted 
Galerius  292;  abdicated  305.  Died  313.  Of  most  obscure  parentage,  he  rose 
by  merit,  and  well  deserved  all  the  honors  he  gained.  But  he  terribly  perse- 
cuted the  Christians. 

98.  Maximianus  II.  Hercules.  Bom  A.  D.  250.  The  son  of  a 
shepherd.  Associated  in  the  Empire  with  Diocletian  in  286 ; abdicated  305 ; 
retook  the  Empire,  306 ; abdicated  again  308  ; proclaimed  himseJf  Emperor 
once  more,  309;  strangled  himself,  310.  A distinguished  general  and  bad 
man,  a relentless  persecutor  of  the  Christians. 

90.  Carausius,  M Aurelius  Valerius.  Emperor  in  England 
A.  D.  287.  Assassinated  293.  A remarkable  man,  w'ho  rose  from  most  low- 
ly beginnings.  He  forced  his  jwwerful  enemies  to  become  his  allies,  and 
in  all  acts  showed  the  greatest  vigor  and  prudence. 

100.  Allectus.  Emperor  in  England  A.  D.  29.3,  by  his  murder  of  Ca- 
rausius. Killed  296.  A vile  character. 

101.  Julianus,  Marcus  Aurelianus.  GovernorofVenitia  in  Italy. 
Usurped  the  Imperial  power  A.  D.  284,  was  conquered  and  killed  285. 

102.  ConstantiusI  surnamed  Chlorus.  Flavius  Valerius.  Born 
A.  D.  250.  Emperor  305  with  Galerius,  the  former  hi  ing  placed  over  Gaul, 
Britain  and  Spain.  He  was  a wise  and  just  ruler  and  treated  Ragans  and 
Christians  with  impartiality  and  toleration.  Died  306. 

103.  Helena,  Flavia  Julia  Born  about  A.  I).  248.  Wife  of  Con- 
stantins I,  and  mother  of  Constantinus  the  Great.  She  was  divorced  through 
State  Policy.  A noble  lady  and  true  Christian,  she  died  in  328,  and  honors 
were  showered  upon  her  memory. 

104.  Theodora,  Flavia  Maxim iana.  second  wife  of  Constantinus 
Chlorus,  for  whom  he  repudiated  Helena. 

105.  Maxim ianus  II,  Galerius  Valerius.  Adopted  and  named 
Ca!sar  by  Dioceletian,  A.  1).  292.  Augustus  and  Emperor  305.  Died  311. 


-1!).') 


•iW>= 


i 

ML 

ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


4!)6 


' AINCIENT  KOMAN  COINS. 

106.  Galeria.  ValGria,  daugliter  of  Diocelitian,  second  wife  of  ]SIa.\- 
imianus  II.  Slie  and  lier  mother  were  beheaded  by  order  of  Licinius,  A.  1). 
315. 

107.  Severus,  Flavius  Valerius.  Named  Cicsar  by  Maximiamis 
Hercules,  A.  I).  305  ; .Augustus  and  Emperor  306.  Compelled  to  put  an 
end  to  himself  A.  I).  307. 

lOS.  Maximinus,  Galerius  Valerius.  Original  name  Daza,  neph- 
ew of  Galerius.  Named  Caesar  A.  I).  305 ; assumed  the  title  of  Emperor  308. 
Died  of  desj)air  or  poison  bl3.  A violent,  undeserving  and  ungrateful  man. 

109.  MaxentiUS,  M.  Aurelius,  son-in-law  of  Galerius.  Emperor 
A.  D.  306.  Drowned  in  the  Tiber  312.  A monster  of  rapacity,  cruelty  and 
all  other  vices. 

110.  Urbica,  Magnia.  Only  known  by  hercoins.  By  some  supposed 
to  be  the  wife  of  Maxentius,  by  otliers,  assigned  to  Carus,  and  by  others  to 
Carinus.  The  coin  is  pronounced  by  certain  authorities  to  be  a forgery. 

111.  Romulus,  son  of  Maxentius.  Born  about  A.  D.  306;  named  Caesar 
307;  Augustus  soon  after.  Died  while  a boy. 

112.  Nigrinianus.  A Roman  CAcsar  or  .Augustus.  Known  only  by 
his  coins.  It  has  been  conjectured  by  some  that  he  was  the  son  of  Alex- 
ander, a ursurper  of  Africa  A.  D.  311,  by  others  that  he  was  the  son 
of  Carus. 

113.  Licinius;  Publius  Flavius  Galerius  Valerius  Licini- 
anus.  Born  .A.  D.  263,  of  peasant  parents.  Gained  friends  and  rank  in  the 
army  ; married  the  daughter  of  Constantius  ('hlorus.  Named  Ciesar  and 
Augustus  and  Eim])eror  with  Galerius  Maximianus  307.  Prisoner  of  his 
brother-in-law  Constantine,  and  strangled  323.  A cold  blooded  tyrant. 

114.  Constantinus  I.,  Flavius  Valerius  Aurelius,  surnamed 
Magnus,  or  “The  Great.”  Born  .A.  D.  274.  Son  of  Constantius  Chlorus 
and  Helena,  son-in-law  of  Maximan  us  Hercules.  Proclaimed  Ciesar  and 
Augustus  in  Britain  306,  and  Augustus  by  Maximanus  308.  In  311  he 
embraced  tlie  Christian  religion.  Became  sole  Emperor  323.  Quitted 
Rome  in  330,  for  Byzantium,  which  he  named  Constantinoi)le.  Died 
337. 

115.  Fausta,  Flavia  Maximiana.  Married  to  Constantine  I.  A.  D- 
307.  Caused  the  death  of  her  stej)-son,and  some  historians  say,  was  smoth- 
ered to  death  in  a warm  bath  by  her  husband’s  order,  326. 

116. 

117.  Licinius,  Junior,  Flavius  Valerius  Licinianus,  son  of 
Licinius  I.  Born  A.  I).  315.  Made  Cn'sar  317.  Stripped  of  all  honors  and 
l)ut  to  death  326. 

118.  Crispus,  Flavius  Julius,  son  of  Constantine  T.  Born  about 
A.  1).  300.  Named  Ca'sar  317.  Gaineci  glory  in  battle.  Put  to  death  by 
his  father,  at  the  instigation  of  his  stejemother  326. 

119.  Delmatius,  Flavius  Julius,  nephew  of  Constantino  I.  Named 
Ca'sar  A.  I).  335.  Killed  337. 

120.  Constantinus  II.,  Flavius  Claudius,  surnamed  The 
Younger,  son  of  Constantine  I.  Born  A.  I).  312.  Named  Ca-.^sar  316. 
Ruler  of  Gaul,  Spain  and  England  335.  lilmperor  and  .Augustus  337.  De- 
feated and  killed  in  battle  340. 


tV.VAi. 


497 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


31 


49s 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

121.  Conatans  I.,  Flavius  Julius,  youngest  son  of  Constantine  I. 
Born  A.  1).  320.  Named  Ctesar  333.  Emperor  340.  Killed  by  revolting 
soldiers  350.  An  indolent,  weak  and  profligate  man. 

122.  Magnentius,  Flavius  Popilius.  Born  about  A.D.  303. 
Revolted  against  Constans  I.  Proclaimed  Emperor  350.  Killed  him- 
self 353. 

123.  Decentius,  brother  or  cousin  of  Magnentius.  Named  Csesar  A.  D. 
351.  Strangled  himself  353. 

124.  Vetranio.  An  old  General.  Proclaimed  himself  Emperor  A.  D. 
350 ; abdicated  in  ten  months.  Died  356. 

125.  Constantius  II.,  Flavius  Julius,  third  son  of  Constantine  I. 
Born  A.  D.  317.  Created  Consul  324.  Emperor  350.  Died  361.  An 
artful  tyrant. 

126.  Julianus,  Flavius  Claudius,  surnamed  “The  Apostate.’’ 
Born  A.  D.  331.  Son  of  J ulius  Constantius.  Named  Caesar  355.  Sole  Em- 
jieror  361.  Killed  in  battle  363.  In  talents,  principles  and  deeds,  an  ex- 
traordinary man. 

127.  Jovianus  Flavius  Claudius  BornA.  D.  331.  Emperor  363. 
Died  364.  Professed  himself  a Christian  and  put  that  religion  on  a legal 
basis. 

128.  Valentinianus  I.  Born  A.D.  321.  Emperor  364.  Died  375. 
lie  maintained  the  Catholic  faith  and  forbade  all  Pagan  ceremonials  under 
penalty  of  death. 

129.  Valens,  brother  of  Valentinianus  I.  Born  about  A.  D.  328.  Em- 
peror of  the  East  364.  Persecuted  the  Catholics,  and  was  himself  burned 
to  death  by  Barbarians  378. 

130.  Gratianus,  Aug.,  son  of  Valentinianus  I.  Born  A.  D.  3.59 ; made 
Consul  366;  Augustus  367  ; hhiiperor  375.  Killed  383.  A ]>ious,  chaste  and 
temperate  man,  but  wanting  in  firmness. 

131.  Maximus,  Magnus  Clemens.  Assumed  the  name  of  Augus- 
tus in  Britain  A.  I).  383;  acknowledged  Emperor,  seized  upon  Italy  387. 
Caj)tured  and  decapitxited  388. 

132.  Victor,  Flavius,  son  of  Maximus  Magnus.  Named  Augustus 
A.  D.  383.  Put  to  death  388. 

1.33.  Valentinianus  II.,  or  Junior,  son  of  Valentinianus  I.  Born 
A.  D.  371.  Named  Augustus  and  associated  in  the  Empire  375.  Emperor 
of  all  the  M’est  383.  Assassinated  392. 

134.  Theodosius  I , surnamed  “ The  Great.”  Born  A.  D.  346.  Named 
Augustus  and  associated  in  the  Emj)ire  by  Gratian  in  379,  his  division  being 
the  Eastern.  Died  395. 

135.  Flacilla,  Aelia.  first  wife  of  Theodosius  I.  Died  A.  D.  385. 

1.36.  Eugenius.  Proclaimed  Augustus  at  Vienna  A.  D.  392.  Put  to 

death  two  years  later  by  order  of  Theodosius. 

137.  Arcadius,  son  of  Theodosius  I.  BornA.  D.  377.  Named  Ca-sar 
38.3.  Emperor  of  the  East  395.  Died  408.  A thoroughly  incompetent  and 
weak  ruler. 


-•  1 


499 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


500 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 

138.  Eudoxia,  wife  of  Aroadius.  Died  A.  D.  404  or  406.  A 

woman  of  high  spirit  and  possessed  of  great  influence  over  her  hus- 
band. 

139.  Honorius,  Flavius  Augustus,  second  son  of  Theodosius  The 
Creat.  BornA.  D.  384.  Named  Augustus  393.  Eni{)eror  of  the  West  395. 
Died  423.  A weak  ruler,  his  was  a disastrous  reign. 

^ 140.  Constaninus  III.,  The  Tyrant.  Augustus  in  England  and 
Gaul  A.  D.  407.  Taken  jjrisoner  and  put  to  death  411. 

141.  Attalus,  Priscus.  Made  Emperor  by  Alaric  at  Rome,  A.  D.  409. 
Deprived  of  his  title  and  resumed  it  in  Gaul  4i0.  Died  in  banishment  on 
the  island  of  Lipari. 

142.  Jovinus,  a Gaulish  Captain.  Proclaimed  Emperor  at  Mayence 
A.  D,  411.  Defeated  by  Adoli)hus,  the  Gothic  King,  and  beheaded  413. 

143.  Theodosius  II.,  only  son  of  Arcadius.  Born  A.  D.  401.  Named 
Augustus  402.  Emperor  of  tlie  East  408.  Died  4-50.  In  438,  w'as  pub- 
lished the  celebrated  Codex  Theodosianus.  lie  was  a weak  ruler  and  his 
kingdom  was  managed  by  others. 

144.  Johannes.  Born  about  A.  D.  380.  Usurped  the  purple  423. 
Conquered  and  killed  42.5. 

145.  Placidia,  Galla,  wife  of  Constantinus  III.  Died  at  Rome  A.  D. 
4.50. 

146.  Valentinianus  Placidius.  Bom  A.  I).  419.  Emjieror  425. 
Assassinated  455. 

147.  Marcianus,  brother-in-law  of  Theodosius  II.  Born  A.  D.  391. 
Emperor  of  the  East  4-50.  Died  457. 

148.  Leo  I.,  Flavius,  sumamed  The  Great  and  The  Thracian. 
Born  about  A.  D.  400,  in  Thrace.  Emperor  of  the  East  457.  Died  474. 
Distinguished  by  remarkable  talents  and  high  moral  qualities. 

149.  Maximus,  Petronis  ("Anicius').  Born  A.  D.  395.  Assumed  the 
purple  4.55.  Murdered  after  a reign  of  about  three  months. 

150.  Severus,  Libius.  Proclaimed  Emperor  of  the  West  at  Ravenna, 
A.  D.  461.  Died  465. 

1-51.  Anthemius,  Procopius,  son-in-law  of  ^Marcianus.  Emjieror 
of  the  West  A.  D.  467.  Killed  473. 

152.  Glycerius.  Emperor  A.  D.  473.  Dethroned  by  Julius  Nepos  474, 
and  became  Bishop  of  Salona.  Died  4s0. 

15-3.  Nepos,  Julius.  The  last  Emperor  but  one  of  the  Western 
Empire.  Created  Emperor  A.  D.  474.  W as  deposed  by  Orestes  and 
killed  480. 

154.  Leo,  Junior.  Born  A.  D.  459,  succeeded  Leo  I.  as  Emperor  of 
the  East,  474.  Died  after  a reign  of  six  months. 

155.  Zeno  or  Zenon,  original  name  Trascalisseus.  Born  A.  D.  426. 
Son-in-law  of  Leo  I.,  father  of  Leo  II.,  and  associated  with  the  latter  in  the 
Eastern  Enijiire  474.  Abdicated  476;  regained  sovereignty  477.  Died  491. 


501 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


502 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS 


C O X O B, 


OHO 


CO  Mob 


xJrotl 


'K^CO  M 06 


COK06 


j 


t 


503 


ANCIENT  ROMAN  COINS. 


156.  BasiliSCUS,  brotlier-in-law  of  Leo  I.  A.  D.  476,  he  drove  Zeno  from 
the  throne  and  declared  himself  Emperor  of  the  East.  Zeno,  next  year 
conquered  and  captured  liirn,  and  with  his  family  he  was  imprisoned  iii 
Cappadocia,  and  all  were  starved  to  death. 

157.  Au^ustulus.  Romulus.  The  last  Roman  Emperor  of  the  West. 
Ron  of  Orestes,  who  i)roclaimed  him  Emperor  A.  1).  475,  alter  drivin?  out 
Julius  Nepos.  Orestes  was  the  actual  ruler  until  he  was  defeated  and  killed 
hy  Odoacer.  Augustulus  Romulus,  on  accoimt  of  his  youth,  beauty  and 
innocence,  was  spared,  but  exiled  to  Campania.  His  ultimate  fate  ia 
unknown. 


504 


MEDIAE  V. 

No.  1.  TllEonoiiATrs  ; King  of  the  Goths  in 
Italy,  A.  1).  riU).  Kihc.l,  .m 

No.  2.  Uai>L'ii,i.a,  calU'il  hy  the  Gri-ehs  To- 
tii.i.a;  King  of  the  Gotlis  in  Italy  A.  I),  oil. 
Killed  in  battle  with  Narses. 

No.  3.  BA.sii.ist'fS  bee  Kini)eiors  of  the  East. 
No.  IT)!). 

No.  I.  MarcianI'.s,  see  Emperors  of  the  E:ust. 
No.  1-17. 

No.  5.  Eeo  IV. , CliAZAitrs  ; horn  at  Const.an- 
tinople  A.  I).  7jj0.  Of  the  Isaurian  dynasty,  de- 
clared Eni|)erer  7.51  ; died  7S0. 

No.  6.  llKKACi.ir.s  I.  Horn  nhont  A.  T>.  .575. 
His  extraordinary  reign  marks  the  last  eiioeh  of 
ancient  Homan  gramleur.  Emperor  of  the  East, 
<il0:  died  fill. 

No.  7.  Ax.tsTA.strsT.  Horn  ..\.  I).  43fi.  Em- 
peror of  f'onstantinoiile  A.  If.  lill.  Kdled  by 
thnnder.518. 

No.  8.  .1  usTixt'.s  T.  Born  A.  If.  -1.50.  Emperor 
of  the  East,  518;  died  527. 

No.  9.  M Aunicifs,  Ei,.\virs  TlHEUir.s.  Bom 
about  A.  1).  .5.39._  One  of  the  greatest  emperors 
of  Constantinop'e,  reigne<l  lrom.582  to  fi20,  when, 
with  all  his  family,  ho  was  murdered  by  IMioea.s. 

No.  10.  TihkhH’.s,  named  f’.'esar,  with  his 
brother  Ileraelius,  1).  fi.59.  Associ.ated  in  the 
Empire  with  their  brother  I’ogonatus  fifiS.  Killed, 
-074. 

No.  11.  Micil.-VEI,  II.,  Emperor  A.  T).  820.  Died 
-829. 

No.  12.  SIirilAEi,  III.  Ein)ieror  .\.  D.  812.  .-Vs- 
sassinated  807  ; the  reverse  shows  Michael  and 
his  son  Gonstantinus. 

No.  1.3.  l.EO  III.,  Emperor  A.  D.  717.  Died  741; 
and  his  son  Gonstantinus  V. 

No.  14.  Nicephorus,  Emperor  A.  1).  742.  Died 
74.3. 

No.  1.5.  ISAAftrs  1..  surTiamed  Comment.s; 
Emperor  A.  1).  10.57;  abdicated  1(159;  died  UKil. 

No,  Ifi.  Tukodouu.s  I.,  Emperor  A.  1).  1204. 
Died  1222. 

No.  17.  Theodoru.s  HI.,  Emperor  12i").5.  l>ied 
1259. 

No.  18.  CON.STANTINUS  and  Ailronicus,  A.  D. 
I0(i7. 

No.  19.  Wli.t.lAW,  A.  1).  12V).  Holland. 


4L  COIX.S. 

No.  20.  UiciiARD,  A.  D.  12fi3.  England. 

No.  21.  Ai.i’iioxsu.s  X.  Germany  and  Italy  or 
Spain? 

N o.  22.  C.&SAK  UrnoLfHU.s,  A.  D.  1291.  Swit- 
zerland. 

No.  21.  OVTitA  (uxor?)  rior.  Bohemia. 

No.  24.  Gatiiakixa  t'zor.  Hungary. 

No.  25.  Gi.KMKXTfXE  rror.  " and  Sicily. 

No.  2fi.  C.(E.SAii  AbUKUTfs.  Germany,  Aus- 
tria, etc. 

No.  27.  Ei.lz.AtiETn.  wifeof  .\lbertus.  Austria. 

No.  28.  .lo.XXXES  VI.,  1.3.50.  I’atriarch  of  Gou- 
Stantinople. 

Nr>.  29.  Hrnoi.fiirs  nfff.s.  Bohemia. 

No.  30.  IlExitici's  COKXi.s  sou  of -Mbertusand 
Elizabeth,  No.  20  and  No.  27. 

No.  31.  Ai.uEitTt’.s  III.  Duke  of  Au.“*ria,  etc. 

No.  32.  Joaxxe.s,1320.  Bohemia. 

No.  33.  Gkokgius.  Arch-duke  Austria. 

No.  34.  I.SABEL1.A  Philippi  Uegis.  Daniab 

No.  .‘W.  Ji.tKiA.  Spain. 

No.  30.  Gll.tltl.ES  V..  A.  D.  1-519.  Spain. 

No.  .37.  M.AUOARETfM  VX.  Duchy  Elorentlne. 

No.  38.  Jo.txxA,  queen  of  .loannis.  Portugal. 

No.  39.  Gathauix.v  Beg  Portugal  Joann  111. 

No.  40.  Fkkdixaxuus,  a.  D.  1521.  Hungary 
and  Bohemia. 

No.  -11.  Ei.izABETn,  A.  D.  1-54.5. 

iso.  42.  EKKi)lXAXl)r.s.  Born  1.529,  died  1595. 
Archduke  .\n.stria,  etc. 

No.  43.  Gakolus,  1).  1.590.  .\rchduke  .\us- 
tria. 

No.  44.  JOAXX.v  Magni,  D.  1-5 — . Born  1.517, 
died  1.578.  Eranee 

No.  4.5.  Bauu-viia.  Born  n Vienna  1-539,  died 
1572. 

■No.  48.  CACSARMAXlMii.iAxr.sII.  Germany, 
Hungary,  etc. 

No.  47.  El.I.v.tBETIf.  Born  1-554,  died  1.592. 
Queen  France. 

No.  48.  WEXCKSLAfS.  Born  1.501,  died  1-57C. 
Archduke  Aii.stria,  etc. 

No.  49.  (’.t;.SAH  llrDOI.flirs  II.  Born  1.552, 
elected  1.57.5.  Genoa  .v.  Ilnngarv,  etc. 

No.  .50.  G.r.SAR  JlATTlUAS.  llorii  1.557,  king 
1008.  Hungary. 


A 


50.) 


MEDIEVAL  COINS. 


i 


4 


507 


;5rsiGI£A(^5> 


rtVNj; 


MEDIEVAL  COINS. 


508 


JEWISH  COINS. 


Tlie  .Jewish  people  possessed  no  positive  coinage  until  the  time  of  their  sub- 
jection to  the  Kinss  of  Syria,  of  the  Seleucidan  dyiuusty,  about  B.  C.  312,  when 
Greek  cnnency,  established  thronghont  the  East  since  tlie  Macedonian  conquest, 
circulated  also  in  .Jndea,  until  the  tyranny  of  Antiochus  Ei)iphanes,  in  B.  C.  170, 
caused  the  revolt  of  Mathithiius,  the  chief  priest,  when  his  son  Judius  ^Maccabeus, 
headiiift  the  revolt,  eventually  re-established  the  long  lost  indeixmdence  of  Judea, 
and  to  his  succes-sor,  Simon,  was  conceded  by  Antiochus,  the  son  of  Demetrius, 
the  right  of  coining  national  money,  the  earliest  of  which  was  issued  about  B.  C. 
144,  in  pieces  of  one,  two,  and  four  silver  shekels,  bearing  different  tyi>es,  all 
relating  to  the  ceremonial  of  Judaic  woi-ship. 

1.  SiiKKKL  of  Simon  Maccalxeus.  Obverse,  a enp  or  chalice;  legend,  ‘•‘■Shekel 
of  Israel,  rear  2 ; Reverse,  a triple  lily ; legend,  “Jerusalem  the  holy."  B.  C. 
144. 

2.  IIat.f-Siiekel  of  Simon  ^Maccaboeus.  Obverse,  similar  to  Xo.  1 ; legend, 
“ Half-Shekel,  year  2;"  Reverse,  .siime  as  No.  1. 

3.  CopiH‘1-  coin  of  Simon  Maccabteus.  Olnei-se,  two  bunches  of  thickly-leaved 
branches;  legend,  “In  the  fourth  year — one  half;’’'’  Reverse,  Balm  tree  between 
two  baskets  of  dates,  etc.;  legend,  “ The  redemption  of  Zion." 

4.  Coj)per  coin  of  Simon  Maccalxens.  Obvei-se,  two  bundles  of  branches; 
legend,  “In  the  fourth  year — one  quarter;"  Revei'se,  an  ethrog;  legend,  .s;ime  as 
on  Xo.  3. 

5.  A Sixth  of  a Shekel,  copix-r,  of  Simon  ^laccabanis.  Ohvei'se,  a enj)  or 
chalice;  legend,  “•  The  redemption  of  Zion;"  Revei'se,  a bundle  of  branches  be- 
tween two  ethrogs  ; legend,  “ In  the  fourth  year." 

(».  CoiqHjr  coin  of  Simon,  son  of  Gioras,  under  the  fii'st  revolt  of  the  Jews. 
Obverse,  cluster  of  grapes,  with  the  name  “ Simon,"  above ; Revei'se',  a pitcher 
and  palm  branch  ; legend,  “ Second  year  of  the  delirerance  of  Israel." 

7.  Copper  coin  of  Simon.  Obvei-sc',  the  legend,  “ Simon,  Prince  of  Israel."  on 
either  side  of  a iialiii  tree;  Reverse,  the  legend,  “ First  year  of  the  redemption  of 
Israel,"  around  a vine-leaf. 

8.  Silver  coin  of  Simon  Bar-cochab  during  the  second  revolt  of  the  .Tews.  Olv 
verse,  legend,  “ Simon,"  round  a cluster  of  grajxjs ; Revei'se,  “ The  Deliverance 
of  Jerusalem,"  around  two  trumiH't!^  The  coin  was  originally  a denarius  of 
Trajan,  which  has  been  re-struck. 


WlUOW’S  MITK. 


00 


Goins,  Gurrent  Tfirougiioai  liie  (liorld 

AND  THEIR 

VALUATION  AT  UNITED  STATES  ar.d  ENGLISH  STANDARDS, 


From  the  latest  povemmental  reports  of  all  countries  possessing  metallic  currency,  their  national 
valuation  has  been  compiled  and  is  here  given,  computed  at  the  standards  of  the  U.  S.  and 
(ireat  Hritaiu  ; any  variation  from  our  plate  statements,  or  those  on  tlie  U.  S.  Official  Table,  are  in 
consequence  of  tlie  calculations  being  made  from  the  sources  mentioned.  To  purchase  goods 
with  this  money  in  the  U.  S.,  a loss  through  discounton  the  values  here  given  would  be  sustained  ; 
to  buy  the  coins,  a premium,  in  some  cases  very  high,  would  have  to  he  paid. 

The  nations  composing  the  Latin  union,  have  equalized  their  standard  for  large  coins  ; the 
Five  Franc  pieces  of  France,  Belgium  and  Switzerland  ; the  Five  Lire  of  Italy,  Five  Pesetas  and 
Twenty  Heals  of  Spain,  Five  Drachmi  of  Greece,  Five  Boliviars  of  Venezuela  and  Peso  of  Chili, 
each  weigh  38T).S08  grains,  are  900  fine,  and  contain  347.227  grains  of  pure  silver,  uorth  72%  cents, 
U.  S.,  and  3s,  4%d.,  English  standard,  the  luetal  being  calculated  at  SI  per  oz. , and  4s.  2d.  j>er  oz., 
respectively,  and  1000  fine;  their  current  value  is  9G%  cts.  in  this  country,  and  4s.  in  England. 
Chili  and  Venezuela  are  not  of  the  Union,  but  their  coinage  is  regulated  by  its  standard. 

To  designate  the  metal  in  which  these  coins  are  minted,  indicates  gold  ; s,  silver,  and  6,  base, 
which  latter  term  includes  all  pieces  not  struck  in  gold  or  silver. 


OOUXTUY.  COINS.  U,  6.  VAL. 

AbyssiiiiH.  llaral,  6 ^ 4 .34 

Pataka,  tf  99 /J6 

AfgliaiiiMan. 

Kwaii,  s G6  .93 

Mas  a G.G9 

Sa|>eek,  b .11 

Africa  (Portugal). 

.Ma<utta,  ^ 5.35 

Algiers.  Kial-Houdjou,  5 35,10 

Aiiiiam.  Kwan,  ^ 60.93 

Mas,  ft  6 .09 

Napeek.  b .11 

Arabia.  Caveer,  6 1.04 

Diwaiia,  b -‘JO 

Dollar,  .Mo<*ha,  8 83 

(Jass,  b ^ 

Krush,  8 23.3,> 

Malmnidi,  s ^ d)9 

Plaster,  .v  83.37 

Argentine  K(q>itblic. 

/ ha  Y’vutavo,  b 
\Plata.^)nza  (lsi3-:«),  g 
unzadfCW-V)),  ^ 

PeHj  Kuei'le,  s 
Real,  ft 

Asia  (French).  Cash,  b 


DniT.  VAL. 

1 COUNTnY.  COITfg. 

U.  S.  VAL. 

GT.  BKIT. 

VAL. 

2S.  17<1 

1 Itoliviii.  Holiviaiio,  s 

^ 83  .00 

X 4s. 

.50it 

4S.  la 

Centavo,  b 

.83 

42d 

I’eso,  « 

83  .(50 

4s. 

..5ld 

2s.  9.4M 

Kcal,  s 

9 .65 

4,82d 

3.:i4a 

Hra/.il.  Joao,  g 

8.71  .95 

1.15s. 

I0.75d 

.U3U 

Alilreis,  s 

54  ..50 

2s. 

1.12d 

I’atacao,  s 

1.  0 ..57 

4s. 

4.73(1 

2.67(1 

Rei,  h 

.05 

.(■2d 

is.  6.tt)a  1 

liriiiihu  ick.  Pistole, 

ff  3.95.93 

16s. 

3d 

2s.  !>.4!l(l 

Ittirniali.  P>at,  s 

43  .48 

2s. 

3.34U  1 

l'’iiaii!',  .? 

(5  .06 

3.ord 

3.05(1 

^al.  * 

12 .12 

O.OOd 

.52d 

40(1 

Canada  and  Newfoundland. 
Ceut.  b i 

.5Td 

3s.  •'id  1 

Debar,  8 

1. 

4s. 

l.Std 

.12d 

is.  2.42d  1 

Cential  Ainc'rica. 
remavo,  b 

.83 

.41(1 

2.54d  p 

I Doul)loon,  g 

14.96  .58 

3.  Is. 

(5d 

3s.  5.  ISd  I 

l)ollar,  8 

M .(50 

4s. 

..5(d 

.05 
15.51  .46 
14.6)  .79 
5K>  .00 
10 

.32 


.3.  3s, 
3 

4S. 


4M 
in. 23d 
4.39d 
Id 
5(1 
.16(1 


I Onza,  g 

I l*es(N  8 

, Chili,  ('oiidor,  g 
DouOloon,  g 
I I^sc  udo,  8 

I Peso,  8 

; China.  Taels, 


14.90  .58 
S3  .W) 
9. 12  .30 
4.5(>  .10 
1.82  .40 
91  .20 
l.OL 


3.  Is. 

4s. 
1.  7s. 
18s. 
7s. 
4s, 


6(1 

fOd 

ti(l 

iki- 

ed 

Id 


t (AIMMt,  O 

Austria.  Dncat,  g 

•*>  ./Z 
2.28  .28 

9s. 

i.n»m 

4.75(1 

Olil,  , , 

ItoRota.  2(1  Pc!os,  g 

18.90  .20 

3.17s.  9.10(1 

" (Mimgary),  g 

2.29.16 

9s. 

.5.25(1 

(Vntavo,  b 

.S3 

.^Sd 

“ Quadi-pl., 

9.13  .20 

1.17s. 

7.25(1 

Condor,  g 

9.61  .76 

1.19s.  7.7-'id 

Florin,  g 

48  .23 

t8. 

l.oOd 

Decimo,  * 

8 .36 

■t.R2d 

* * 8 

41  .30 

2s. 

IVmliloon,  g 

1.5.,5(i  .10 

.3.  4s.  9..Kd 

New-Kreutzer,  b 

.41 

.26(1 

Aledellln,  g 

9.  1 .(«) 

1.I8.S.  2.5Cd 

l^cndo,  s 

1.  2 .60 

4s. 

2.80(1 

Peso,  n 

93  .60 

4s. 

Tlialcr,  r.evantine,  s 

99  .516 

4s. 

Id 

Denmark. 

‘ ‘ Spades,  /> 

1.  2 ..30 

4«. 

2.15d 

f'liristian  d’O^  g 

3.95  .47 

IBs.  3d 

, ' ' erelns,  ,» 

71  .40 

3s. 

('rown.  K 

26  .8.9 

Is.  1.22(1 

\erems- Krone,  g 

e.Cvl  ,20 

1.  7s. 

3.75d 

Frederick  d’Or,  g 

3.95  .47 

IBs.  3d 

Azores.  Alilreis,  s 

S3  ..50 

3s. 

5.5(id 

Kroner,  s 

26  .80 

is.  1.22(1 

Itudeii.  Florin,  s 

40 

Is. 

8..Vd 

Ore.  b 

.26 

.13d 

Itiitiivia.  Itix  Dollar,  s 

3s. 

Id 

Doininieiaii  Kepublic. 

stiver,  b 

1 .56 

7m1 

Centavo,  b 

,93 

.4Sd 

ISitvaria.  rarollne,  g 

4.99  .20 

1. 

6.li>(l 

(ionrd,  s 

1. 

4s.  l.BCd 

D'hl  (tulden,  8 

81. "aO 

3s. 

5. 12(1 

Piaster,  a 

95 

4s. 

Ducat,  g 

2.28  .76 

9s. 

4.75(1 

Keuador.  Centavo,  6 

.83 

.4Id 

Kl« Till.  8 

41 

Is. 

8.  .50(1 

I’eso.  a 

91  .60 

4S. 

Ludwig  (por,  0 

3.43  .85 

14s. 

2d 

Qnadr’pl  Escudo,  g 

7.55  ..50 

1 12s.  Id 

Max  (POr.  g 

3.34  .14 

13s. 

9.07(1 

KRVpt.  Asi)cr,:& 

.04 

.0.2(1 

Belgium.  Centavo,  5 

.19 

.oikl 

(Jersli,  b 

4 .97 

2.4sd 

Prune,  8 

19  .30 

9.65d 

Para,  b 

.12 

.OBd 

175 


COIN. 


olO 


CorNTltY.  COIN. 

1 8.  V At.. 

I’iiusU!!-  b 

4 .‘17 

Fiiilaiul.  Murkka,  « 

19  .:i0 

IVmil,  b 

.19 

France,  (Jciulliio,  b 

.19 

Franc,  x 

19  . :H) 

l.ouis  (I'Or  (17(C)),  g 

$ 4. (Mi  .(d 

“ (|H0.(-«))  U 
,o,.  ('-'ash.  6 
Faiidii,  X 

3.  h2  . 58 

.;i2 

5.72 

(^(eriiiaii  Kiniiire. 

Crown.  V 

2.38 

l)o|i|M*l krone,  g 

4.76 

Krone,  g 

2.38 

.Mark,  * 

23  .80 

l-renni);,  b 

.23 

((eriiian.v. 

Ounhlc  Thaler,  S 

1.42.50 

riialer,  * 

71  .40 

Verein.s-Krone.  g 

6.64  .it) 

“ Tlialer,  x 

71  .40 

(ireat  Hritaiii. 

Crown.  X 

1.11  .05 

Farthing,  b 

.50 

Florin,  X 

48  .(«) 

Guinea,  g 

5.  05  ,6  > 

I’enny,  b 

02  .(  .2 

I’ouml  Sterling,  g 

4.H6  .(>5 

Shilling.  « 

24  .30 

Sovereign,  g 

4.8(i  .66 

<Jroece. 

Kraehnias  (20),  g 

3.85 

Uraehina,  x 

19 

I.epta  X 

.19 

rinenix,  X 

17  .42 

Hanover. 

I.iulwig  (I’Or,  g 

3.95  .93 

Hesse- Harnistadt. 

Karoliu,  g 

4.99  .20 

Hungary.  Ducat,  g 

2.29 .16 

India.  Anna,  b 

2 .iK 

Dice,  b 

.68 

I'ie.  b 

.22 

Rupee,  X 

39  .70 

Ionian  Islands. 

Obolo,  b 

.96 

Italy.  Ceutisimo,  b 

.19 

ijra.  « 

10  .:io 

Sequin,  g 

2.251 .16 

Sovrano,  g 
Zccchliie,  g 

6.77 
2.2:i  .16 

.Japan.  Itakane,  g 

2.92  ,80 

Itzehu,  X 

36  ..50 

Kohang,  g 

4.44  .60 

“ (IiuiHUial),  g 

5.7‘J 

Yen,  X 
Sen,  b 

Trade  Dollars  * 

1. 

78 

I.iberia.  Cent,  b 

1 

10  Cent,  X 

10 

V<  Cent,  X 

25 

Sladras.  Mohur,  g 

7.06  .96 

Star-l’agixla,  x 

1.84 

Malta.  Gram),  b 

.16 

Scudo.  X 

70 

Taro,  b 

3.33 

Mexico. 

Doubloon,  g 

15.52  .98 

Pe.so,  X 

‘KI  .90 

Real,  X 

Netherlaml  (Holland) 

10 

Cent,  b 

.38 

Double  Ducat,  g 

4.56 

“ \Villlam,  g 

7.95)  .40 

Ducat,  g 

2.28.34 

F’lorih,  X 

40  .20 

Ryder,  g 

1.31  .89 

Stiver,  b 

1 .50 

Norway.  Crown,  x 

26  .80 

Koner,  x 

26  .80 

Gere,  b 

.26 

I’arHgnay.  Centavo,  b 

.95 

Peso,  X 

95  .20 

Real,  X 

9 .65 

Persia.  Aha.ssee,  b 

4 .43 

Dinar,  h 

.02 

Dlnar-Rlstce,  6 

.22 

Kasbequl,  b 

.11 

IMUT 

. VAL 
2.4S(1 
9.7rxl 

.{4(1 

.t!J:d 

9.75U 

IHs. 

9.75(1 

I5s. 

HI.2.XI 

.Kid 

2.H6d 

9s. 

9.47(1 

15)s. 

6.9.)d 

9s, 

9.47(1 

U.90d 

.lid 

Os. 

2s. 

11.75d 

.1  7s. 

3.75(1 

2s. 

U.25d 

5s. 

.25d 

2s. 

1 Is. 

Id 

Is 

1 

4s 

9.  sod 

.95(1 

8.76d 

ICs.  3.rd 


1 6(1  i 

5.25(1 1 
1. 2-1(1 

.11(1 
is.  ll.2od 

.48(1 1 
.(HKi 

IIS.  5.8:kl 
1 7s.  lO.i'kl 
9».  b.m\ 
12s.  .40(1 

Is.  6.25(1 
IHs.  \i,'M 
1 :ks.  10.  i.5<i 
4s.  i.rjoti 
.50(1 

..V(l 

5(1 

1 08.  2(1 
7s.  7(1 

.Kki 
2s.  11(1 

1.66(1 

3 4s.  g.rnl 
4s.  2(1 

rxl 

.17(1 
188.  8.25x1 
1 6s.  6.. 50(1 
98.  4. .50(1 
IK.  8.37(1 
58.  5. 4-1(1 
.7.5(1 
is.  1.22(1 
18.  1.22(1 
.i:kl 
.48(1 
4s.  1(1 

4.82(1 
2.21(1 
.01(1 
.11(1 
.0.5(1  J 


COl'N'TKY.  COIN. 
Kiraii.  « 

Malimudi,  b 
raiiabat,  s 
Kuik^(%  « 

&liau*ee,  b 
Toman,  {/ 

Peru.  Centavo,  b 
Sol  A 

I’oiidieherry. 

M(M)ii-Pai{(Kla,  £7 
Poland,  Zloty,  s 
Portu'jjal.  (kn'oa,  .(7 
Milivis,  A 
R(d,  b 

Africa.  MacuLta,^ 
Prussia. 

Frederick  d’Or,  ff 
Koutnaiiia. 

Han  Para,  b 
L(m,  a 


5.  s.  VAL. 
22.16 

1 1 *.Tw 

:17.?2 
1 .10 
2.21  .64 
•Ki 
93  .tiU 

1.60.15 
11  .46 
10.80  .00 
10.  SO 
10 

o .35 

4.  .96 

.10 
19  .;w 
14 


Russia.  Deneslika,  b 

.33 

Ducat,  g 

2.28 

9s. 

Grievenik,  x 

6 .6) 

Imperial,  g 

7 97  .20 

1.  12s. 

Kopeika,  b 

.66 

I'iatak,  b 

3 .31 

Poh)o-linlH!rlal,!7 

3 9S  .60 

16s. 

Polthia,  X 

3ii  .45 

Is. 

Poll  iishka.  b 

.16 

Tshetvertak.  x 

16  .72 

Sandwich  Is^laiids* 

C(5Ut.  b 

1 

Dime,  ff 

10 

Dollar,  ff 

1.00 

4s. 

Saxony. 

August  d'Or,  g 

4.00  .98 

16s. 

Servia.  Dinar,  x 

19 

Para,  b 

.19 

Siam.  Hat,  x 

60  .4(> 

2s. 

Fuanjf.  A 7 ..5.5 

Saluiiir,  A 15 .11 

Ticai,  A 60  .46 

Spain.  Centime,  b .19 

Corona  (Isatxd),  a 50 

Doubloon  “ g 5.51  .60 

Escudo,  A 50 

Pes(‘ta.  # 19.30 

Peso  Duro,  8 96  .JM) 

Heal,  8 5 

Soiidaii.  Peseta,  5 46.80 

Sweden.  Crown,  8 26  .80 

Kroner,  8 26  . 80 

( >ere,  b . 26 

HI.X  Dollar,  s 99  .95 

Switzc^rland. 

Centime,  b .19 

Fraue.  « 19.30 

Uapnen.  b . 19 

Tripolis.  Gersh,  6 4.:« 

Malibnb,  s 74  .80 

Para,  b .04 

Plaster,  b 4 .22 

Tunis,  ('aruba,  b .73 

Piaster,  8 It.  80 

Sbiglleii,  8 11 .80 

Tukestan.  Puls,  b .49 

Tenga,  8 21  .9:1 

Tilla,  t7  2.71  .5.5 

Turkey.  Asper,  b .04 

Ellilik,  a 2.19  .GO 

(Jersh.  b 4 .22 

Hirk-l’ara,  b 4 .30 

Mediidie,  g 4..30 

“ 8 85.68 

Para,  b .10 

IMasler,  h 4 .30 

United  States  of  America* 

('em,  b 1 

Dime.,  s 10 

Dollar,  g and  8 1. 

Double  Eagle,  g 2o. 

I'^gU*,  g 10. 

I’ruguay.  Patacon,  91 .98 

Venezuela.  Centavos,  5 .71 

Pe.so,  8 7l  .40 

/aiizibar. 

Dollar  Januarlo  ff  99.96 


GT.  BUIT.  VAL. 

£ II. usd 
l.lOd 
5..">4d 
Is  91(1 
..•>5d 
9s.  Id 
.41(1 
4s. 

6s.  07.07(1 
05.7:kl 
4s.  .5d. 

2,  4s.  1.^5d 
.0x1 
2.67U 

16s.  05.75.  d 


.09(1 

9.0. X1 
.67(1 
.16(1 

4.ad 

334(1 

t).2xl 

.XM 

1.67d 

5d 

6.. 5C(I 

.0S(l 

8.36d 

..50d 

avi 


4& 


5 75d 
9.65d 
.09(1 
6.23(1 
3.77(1 
7..55d 
6.2:kl 

oed 

1.12d 
(..50d 
.25(1 
U 65(1 
.45d 
2. 5(^(1 
11.40(1 
1.22(1 
1.22(1 
.13(1 
50d 


.00(1 
9.65d 
.00(1 
2.1.5d 
1(1 
.02(1 
2.11(1 
.36(1 
5.90d 
o.OOd 
.24(1 
lO.lKkl 
2.27(1 
.(rid 
.30d 
2.11(1 
2.  l.xl 
17s.  08.50(1 
3s.  6.:dd 
.O'xl 
2.15d 


3s. 


ns. 

9s, 


4s. 
2.  Is. 
1. 

4s. 


.5(kl 
5(1 
1.50(1 
Id 
6.50(1 
Id. 
..35(1 
2s.  11.7Ud 


4.S. 


Id 


511 


FRENCH  GRAMMES  AND  ENGLISH  GRAINS. 

COPYRIGHTED  BY  A.  M.  SMITH. 


This  Table  exhibits  the  Grammes  (French)  contained  In  Grains  (F.ngllsh).  [The  fiirnninie  Is  the  unit  ol 
■weight  In  the  metric  system,  equivalent  to  the  weight  of  one  cubic  centimeter  of  imre  water  at  its  maxlimim 
density,  that  Is,  at  a temiierature  of  ai)°  Fahrenheit,  In  a vacuum;  it  isequallo  15, q:i2 grains  avoirtlujioisortroy.] 


GRAINS 

GRAMMES 

GRAINS 

GRAMMES 

GRAINS 

GRAMMES 

GRAINS 

GRAMMES 

1 

.004 

27 

1.749 

53 

3.4.34 

79 

,5.119 

2 

.129 

28 

1.814 

54 

.3.498 

80 

5.184 

3 

.194 

29 

1.879 

55 

3.  .504 

100 

0.480 

4 

.259 

30 

1.944 

50 

-3.()28 

120 

7.770 

5 

.324 

31 

2.008 

57 

3.0!)3 

140 

9.072 

() 

.388 

32 

2.07.3 

.58 

3.758 

150 

9.720 

7 

.453 

3.3 

2.138 

59 

3.82.3 

100 

10.-308 

8 

.518 

.34 

2.202 

00 

3.888 

180 

11.004 

<) 

.583 

35 

2.207 

01 

-3.9.52 

200 

12.900 

10 

.048 

.30 

2.3.32 

02 

4.017 

2.50 

10.200 

11 

.712 

37 

2.. 397 

0.3 

4.082 

300 

19.440 

12 

, i 1 i 

38 

2.402 

04 

4.140 

400 

25.920 

13 

.842 

39 

2.527 

05 

4.211 

.500 

32.400 

14 

.907 

40 

2.-592 

00 

4.270 

000 

38.880 

15 

.972 

41 

2.0.50 

07 

4.  .341 

700 

45.  .300 

10 

1.030 

42 

2.720 

08 

4.400 

800 

51.840 

17 

1.101 

43 

2.785 

09 

4.471 

900 

58.320 

18 

1.100 

44 

2.850 

70 

4.5.30 

1,000 

04.800 

19 

1.231 

45 

2.915 

71 

4.000 

2,000 

129.000 

20 

1.290 

40 

2.980 

72 

4.005 

3;ooo 

194.400 

21 

1.300 

47 

-3.045 

73 

4.729 

4,000 

2.59.200 

22 

1.425 

48 

-3.110 

74 

4.794 

5,000 

324.000 

23 

1.490 

49 

.3.175 

75 

4.859 

10,000 

048.000 

24 

1.555 

50 

3,240 

70 

4.924 

20,000 

1290.000 

25 

1.020 

51 

3.304 

77 

4.989 

2.5,000 

1020.000 

20 

1.084 

52 

3.  .308 

78 

5.054 

.50,000 

.3240.000 

K8TAHUSHKI)  18.51. 


IJIRBKCK  BANK.— 

Southampton  l}uil(lin<js,  Chancery  Lam*. 
TIIKEK  PER  CENT.  TN'TEItEST  allowed  on 
DEPOSITS,  repayable  on  demand. 

TWO  PER  CENT.  INTEREST  allowed  on  CUR- 
RENT ACCOUNTS,  calculated  on  the  ininiimnu 
monthly  balances,  when  not  drawn  below  f.jO. 

The  Hank  nndertake.s  for  its  customer.^,  free  of 
charge,  the  custody  of  Deeds,  Writings,  and  other 
.Securities  and  Valuables;  the  collection  of  Hills  of 
Exchange,  Dividends  and  Coupons  ; and  the  pnrcha.se 
and  sale  of  Stocks.  Shares,  and  Annuities. 

The  HIRHECK  ALMANACK,  withfnll  particulars, 
can  be  obtained  post  free,  on  aiiplication  to 

FRANCIS  RAVENSCROFT,  Manager. 
March  Slst,  1886. 

. The  Birbeck  Building  Society’s  Annual 
Receipts  exceed  Five  Millions. 

now  TO  PURCIIAsMr~A  HOUSE  FOR  TWO 
GUINEAS  PER  MONTH,  with  immediate 
Po.s.session  and  no  Rent  to  pay.  Apply  at  the  Ollice  of 
the  HiuiiECK  Building  Society. 

HOW  TO  PURCHASE  A PLOT  OF  LAND  FOR 
FIVE  SHILLINGS  PER  MONTH,  with  im- 
mediate possession,  either  for  Hnilding  or  Gardening 
imriioses.  Apply  at  the  Olbce  of  the  Hihiieck  Free- 
hold Land  Society. 

A Pamphlet,  with  full  particniai’s,  on  application. 

FRANCIS  RAVENSCROFT,  Manager. 
Southampton  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London. 

SuRscribers  and  patrons  of  this  work  will  confer  a 
favor  by  sending  their  addre.ss  that  they  may  receive 
notitication  of  future  supplements  which  may  be  issued. 
Addresses  of  iiersons collecting  coins,  or  whoarennmis- 
matically  inclined,  will  be  thankfully  received  by 
A.  M.  SMITH,  Publisher, 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A. 


P.  O.  Box  7.')4. 


T 


'^t\  fiBKm  .■?^.'*"'*17 

B^^!i^^•>^/ ^ jjglfc  ” 

i-  'v**^' 1 ' • »»  "^  !,^*~*’  f li  'jivirf  ^ ■_  "''  • • — ’ ''♦i 

V.^?-,'  •-  ;'hSP'^ 


t*  • 


^■Fs;  VS'  >*? 


t?"> 


V 

,IP 


» v.’,  • '( 


■ ■>> 


BERT  A.  G'LLHAM 
Rockford,  Iowa 

# 


GETTY  CENTER  LIBRARY 

ll  ■ 


3 3125  00745  1350 


